CD4 T cells in HIV: A friend or foe? PDF Download

Author: Sunil Kannanganat Sidharthan
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832530761
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 230

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Author: Kazuya Iwabuchi
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889631222
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 429

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Book Description
CD1 and MR1 are major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related proteins that bind and present non-peptide antigens to subsets of T cells with specialized functions. CD1 proteins typically present lipid antigens to CD1-restricted T cells, whereas MR1 presents vitamin B-based ligands and a variety of drugs and drug-like molecules to MR1-restricted T cells. The CD1 family of antigen presenting molecules has been divided into two groups: Group 1 contains CD1a, CD1b and CD1c, and Group 2 contains CD1d. Additionally, CD1e is expressed intracellularly and is involved in the loading of lipid antigens onto Group 1 CD1 proteins. Humans express both Groups 1 and 2 CD1 proteins, whereas mice only express CD1d. Group 1 CD1 proteins present lipid antigens to T cells that generally express diverse T cell receptors (TCRs) and exhibit adaptive-like functions, whereas CD1d presents lipid antigens to subsets of T cells that express either diverse or highly restricted TCRs and exhibit innate-like functions. CD1d-restricted T cells are called natural killer T (NKT) cells, which includes Type I or invariant NKT (iNKT) cells expressing semi-invariant TCRs, and Type II NKT cells expressing more diverse TCRs. CD1-restricted T cells have been implicated in a wide variety of diseases, including cancer, infections, and autoimmune, inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Additionally, NKT cells have been targeted for immunotherapy of disease with ligands such as α-galactosylceramide for iNKT cells, or sulfatide for Type II NKT cells. Like iNKT cells, MR1-restricted T cells express semi-invariant TCRs and display innate-like functions. MR1-restricted T cells, also called mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, have been implicated in immune responses against a variety of pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis C virus and influenza virus. Moreover, these cells contribute to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, lupus, and diabetes.

Author: Jiri Mestecky
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0124159753
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 2566

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Book Description
Mucosal Immunology, now in its fourth edition, is the only comprehensive reference covering the basic science and clinical manifestations of mucosal immunology. Most infectious agents enter the body through the various mucous membranes, and many common infections take place in or on mucous membranes, making this subject an area of singular importance in the field of immunology. This book contains new research data, exceptional illustrations, original theory, a new perspective, and excellent organization. It covers immune system topics, such as inductive and effector tissues and cells, and development and physiology of the mucosal barrier; diseases in the digestive system, respiratory tract, and genitourinary tract; and immunodeficiency. - The most comprehensive text on mucosal immunology from internationally recognized experts in the field - Includes exceptional color illustrations, new research data, original theory and information on all mucosal diseases - Contains nine new chapters and an expanded appendix

Author: Anand Rotte
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832548326
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 129

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Book Description
The Past decade has seen significant advances in cancer immunotherapy with the development of multiple strategies including monoclonal antibodies targeting checkpoint blockers, oncolytic viruses, fusion proteins and cell therapies such as tumor-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-) T cell therapy, NK cell therapy and γδ-T-cell therapy. Multiple cell therapies including sipuleucel-T (Provange), axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta), brexucabtagene autoleucel (Tecartus), tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah), lisocabtagene maraleucel (Breyanzi), idecabtagene vicleucel (Abecma) and ciltacabtagene autoleucel (Carvykti) have been approved by the US FDA for different hematological cancers and hormone-refractory prostate cancer (Provange). Impressive results were noted with CAR-T cell therapy with objective response rates (ORR) as high as 100% in certain hematological cancers and with responses durable over 10 years in some patients.

Author: Luis Graca
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3764382961
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 201

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Book Description
This volume gives an overview on the progress in immune synapse research, from basic science to clinical trials, and the major mechanisms involved. It discusses how interfering with T cell activation may lead to immune tolerance, immune modulation, and the recruitment of regulatory T cells; the role of monoclonal antibodies in tolerance induction; and mechanisms maintaining dominant tolerance.

Author: Gordon D. Brown
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402054920
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 495

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Book Description
This text covers all aspects of the immunology of fungal infection. Beyond the basics, coverage includes recent developments in innate and adaptive immunological mechanisms involved in the host response to fungal infection. The volume’s topical sections provide an immunological perspective on the cells, soluble factors and receptors involved in recognising and combating fungal infections. Discussion includes descriptions of immunity to specific pathogens, immune-escape mechanisms used by fungi, and therapeutic strategies.

Author: Brahm H. Segal
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319776746
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 444

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Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art review of the concepts vital to a modern treatment of common and opportunistic infections in the immunocompromised host. Chapters are written by experts in the field, and include their views on gaps in the field and future directions of research. This book begins with an overview of the normally functioning immune system followed by a detailed discussion of the major primary immunodeficiencies. Specific chapters are dedicated to providing practical knowledge in the prevention and treatment of infections in specific immunocompromised patients, including those with cancer, transplant recipients, HIV infection, and autoimmune disorders. Emphasis is placed on diagnostic evaluation, antimicrobial selection that includes consideration of the threat of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, and immunotherapy tailored to specific patients. Finally, dedicated chapters on stem cell transplantation for patients with primary immunodeficiencies, adoptive cellular immunotherapy, and gene therapy will provide readers with insight into these rapidly evolving and cutting edge therapies.Management of Infections in the Immunocompromised Host is a valuable resource for infectious diseases specialists, immunologists, oncologists, hematologists, general physicians, students, researchers, and all other working with immunocompromised patients.

Author: Kenth Gustafsson
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889638154
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 279

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Author: Uri Galili
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128133635
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 320

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Book Description
The Natural Anti-Gal Antibody as Foe Turned Friend in Medicine provides a comprehensive review of the natural anti-Gal antibody, which is the most abundant antibody in humans constituting ~1% of immunoglobulins and the carbohydrate antigen it recognizes, the a-gal epitope. It discusses the discovery of this antigen/antibody system, its evolution in mammals, the pathological effects of this antibody, and its possible use in various therapies in humans. Most significantly, the book discusses microbial and regenerative therapies in which an antibody present in all humans may be harnessed as an in vivo pharmaceutical agent that enables a wide variety of therapies. Some of these therapies are described as experimental studies that are compiled in this book, other already studied therapies in the area of cancer immunotherapy are also included in this book. - Provides tactics on how to improve cancer immunotherapy and viral vaccine immunogenicity - Includes discussions on therapies that accelerate the healing of normal and chronic wounds, and of burns - Covers the regeneration of bio-implants

Author: Jorg Hermann Fritz
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889632806
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 362

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Interferons (IFN) belong to the family of cytokines and have been described first in the late 1950s as an inhibitory factor of viral replication. Since then, the impact of interferon has been greatly expanded and its function comprises a role not only in different types of infection, cancer and autoimmunity but importantly also in immunehomeostasis. IFN have important anti-viral effects but it is becoming more and more evident that they are true immunomodulators and have an important impact on the development and maintenance of innate and adaptive immunity.