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Author: J.R. Jennings Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1475795920 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 462
Book Description
The phenomenon of catalysis is found in many homogeneous and heterogeneous systems undergoing chemical change, where it effects the rates of approach to the equilibrium state in processes as diverse as those found in the stars, the earth's mantle, living organisms, and the various chemistries utilized by industry. The economies and the living standards of both developed and developing countries depend to varying degrees upon the efficacy of their chemical industries. Con sequently, this century has seen a wide exploration and expansion of catalytic chemistry together with an intensive investigation of specific, essential processes like those contributing to life-supporting agricultures. Prime among the latter must surely be the "fixation" of atmospheric nitrogen by catalytic hydrogenation to anhydrous ammonia, still the preferred synthetic precursor of the nitrogenous components of fertilizers. In each decade contemporary concepts and techniques have been used to further the understanding, as yet incomplete, of the catalyst, the adsorbates, the surface reactions, and the technology of large-scale operation. The contributors to the present volume review the state of the art, the science, and the technology; they reveal existing lacunae, and suggest ways forward. Around the turn of the century, Sabatier's school was extending the descriptive catalytic chemistry of hydrogenation by metals to include almost all types of multiple bond. The triple bond of dinitrogen, which continued to be more resistant than the somewhat similar bonds in carbon monoxide and ethyne, defied their efforts.
Author: J.R. Jennings Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1475795920 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 462
Book Description
The phenomenon of catalysis is found in many homogeneous and heterogeneous systems undergoing chemical change, where it effects the rates of approach to the equilibrium state in processes as diverse as those found in the stars, the earth's mantle, living organisms, and the various chemistries utilized by industry. The economies and the living standards of both developed and developing countries depend to varying degrees upon the efficacy of their chemical industries. Con sequently, this century has seen a wide exploration and expansion of catalytic chemistry together with an intensive investigation of specific, essential processes like those contributing to life-supporting agricultures. Prime among the latter must surely be the "fixation" of atmospheric nitrogen by catalytic hydrogenation to anhydrous ammonia, still the preferred synthetic precursor of the nitrogenous components of fertilizers. In each decade contemporary concepts and techniques have been used to further the understanding, as yet incomplete, of the catalyst, the adsorbates, the surface reactions, and the technology of large-scale operation. The contributors to the present volume review the state of the art, the science, and the technology; they reveal existing lacunae, and suggest ways forward. Around the turn of the century, Sabatier's school was extending the descriptive catalytic chemistry of hydrogenation by metals to include almost all types of multiple bond. The triple bond of dinitrogen, which continued to be more resistant than the somewhat similar bonds in carbon monoxide and ethyne, defied their efforts.
Author: Huazhang Liu Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814518808 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 895
Book Description
This book provides a review of worldwide developments in ammonia synthesis catalysts over the last 30 years. It focuses on the new generation of Fe1-xO based catalysts and ruthenium catalysts — both are major breakthroughs for fused iron catalysts. The basic theory for ammonia synthesis is systematically explained, covering topics such as the chemical components, crystal structure, preparation, reduction, performance evaluation, characterization of the catalysts, the mechanism and kinetics of ammonia synthesis reaction. Both theory and practice are combined in this presentation, with emphasis on the research methods, application and exploitation of catalysts.The comprehensive volume includes an assessment of the economic and engineering aspects of ammonia plants based on the performance of catalysts. Recent developments in photo-catalysis, electro-catalysis, biocatalysis and new uses of ammonia are also introduced in this book.The author, Professor Huazhang Liu, has been engaged in research and practice for more than 50 years in this field and was the inventor of the first Fe1-xO based catalysts in the world. He has done a lot of research on Fe3O4 based- and ruthenium based-catalysts, and has published more than 300 papers and obtained 21 patents during his career.
Author: Annemie Bogaerts Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 3038977500 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 248
Book Description
Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various gas conversion applications, such as CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels, N2 fixation for the synthesis of NH3 or NOx, methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. It is also widely used for air pollution control (e.g., VOC remediation). Plasma catalysis allows thermodynamically difficult reactions to proceed at ambient pressure and temperature, due to activation of the gas molecules by energetic electrons created in the plasma. However, plasma is very reactive but not selective, and thus a catalyst is needed to improve the selectivity. In spite of the growing interest in plasma catalysis, the underlying mechanisms of the (possible) synergy between plasma and catalyst are not yet fully understood. Indeed, plasma catalysis is quite complicated, as the plasma will affect the catalyst and vice versa. Moreover, due to the reactive plasma environment, the most suitable catalysts will probably be different from thermal catalysts. More research is needed to better understand the plasma–catalyst interactions, in order to further improve the applications.
Author: John Meurig Thomas Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 352731458X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 768
Book Description
This long-awaited second edition of the successful introduction to the fundamentals of heterogeneous catalysis is now completely revised and updated. Written by internationally acclaimed experts, this textbook includes fundamentals of adsorption, characterizing catalysts and their surfaces, the significance of pore structure and surface area, solid-state and surface chemistry, poisoning, promotion, deactivation and selectivity of catalysts, as well as catalytic process engineering. A final section provides a number of examples and case histories. With its color and numerous graphics plus references to help readers to easily find further reading, this is a pivotal work for an understanding of the principles involved.
Author: Anders Nielsen Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642791972 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 352
Book Description
Ammonia is one of the 10 largest commodity chemicals produced. The editor, Anders Nielsen, is research director with one of the largest industrial catalyst producers. He has compiled a complete reference on all aspects of catalytical ammonia production in industry, from thermodynamics and kinetics to reactor and plant design. One chapter deals with safety aspects of ammonia handling and storage.
Author: Inamuddin Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030351068 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 140
Book Description
This book presents sustainable synthetic pathways and modern applications of ammonia. It focuses on the production of ammonia using various catalytic systems and its use in fuel cells, membrane, agriculture, and renewable energy sectors. The book highlights the history, investigation, and development of sustainable pathways for ammonia production, current challenges, and state-of-the-art reviews. While discussing industrial applications, it fills the gap between laboratory research and viable applications in large-scale production.
Author: C. H. Bartholomew Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118209737 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 1224
Book Description
Catalysis is central to the chemical industry, as it is directly or involved in the production of almost all useful chemical products. In this book the authors, present the definitive account of industrial catalytic processes. Throughout Fundamentals of Industrial Catalytic Processes the information is illustrated with many case studies and problems. This book is valuable to anyone wanting a clear account of industrial catalytic processes, but is particularly useful to industrial and academic chemists and engineers and graduate working on catalysis. This book also: Covers fundamentals of catalytic processes, including chemistry, catalyst preparation, properties and reaction engineering. Addresses heterogeneous catalytic processes employed by industry. Provides detailed data on existing catalysts and catalytic reactions, process design and chemical engineering. Covers catalysts used in fuel cells.
Author: Wolfgang Grünert Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG ISBN: 3110632489 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 708
Book Description
Catalysis is at the heart of the chemical industry, which uses solid catalysts for the large-scale production of commodity chemicals. Catalysis at surfaces is also the basis for the ongoing transition to a sustainable energy supply, which requires molecules such as hydrogen, ammonia or methanol to store energy in chemical bonds, and environmental protection equally relies on heterogeneous catalysis. Catalysis at surfaces is a truly interdisciplinary field, which requires profound knowledge from chemistry, physics and engineering as provided by this textbook. All essential tools are described ranging from the synthesis and modification of porous solids over bulk- and surface-sensitive characterization techniques to currently applied theoretical methods. A close-up to the important aspects of surface catalysis is provided, which comprises the established knowledge about mechanisms and active sites, promotors and poisons in redox and acid-base catalysis. This advanced textbook is recommended for Master and PhD students, for whom it provides the fundamentals and all relevant aspects of catalyst synthesis, characterization and application in suitable reactors. It is not only thermal catalysis that is covered in depth, but also photo- and electrocatalysis as emerging fields in the Energiewende.
Author: B. Viswanathan Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780849324246 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 428
Book Description
Students contemplating careers in chemistry, whether in research, practice, or academia, obviously need a solid grounding in proper research methodology, reasoning, and analysis. However, there are few resources available that efficiently and effectively introduce these concepts and techniques and inspire students to undertake advanced research, particularly in the area of catalysis. Catalysis: Principles and Applications evolved out of a special, resoundingly successful short course for graduate students interested in catalysis. It covers nearly the entire gamut of the subject, from its fundamentals to its modern, applied aspects. The chapters were contributed by catalysis specialists from leading academic institutions, national laboratories and industrial R&D labs. Because they are based on the authors' lecture notes, each chapter is highly accessible and for the most part self-contained. Topics include various spectroscopic methods, biocatalysis, x-ray and thermal analysis, photocatalysis, and recent developments, such as solid acid catalysts, fine chemical synthesis, and computer-aided catalyst design. The book also contains discussions on a variety of modern applications, including environmental pollution control, petroleum refining, fuel cells, and monomolecular films. Logically presented, well-illustrated, and thoroughly referenced, Catalysis: Principles and Applications offers an outstanding basis for courses in catalysis. It not only imparts the fundamentals, synthesis, characterization, and applications of catalysis, but does so in a way that will motivate students to pursue more advanced studies and ultimately careers in the field.
Author: J.R. Jennings
Author: J.R. Jennings
Author: J. R. Jennings
Author: Huazhang Liu
Author: Annemie Bogaerts
Author: John Meurig Thomas
Author: Anders Nielsen
Author: Inamuddin
Author: C. H. Bartholomew
Author: Wolfgang Grünert
Author: B. Viswanathan