Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Relation to Cognitive Function, Brain MRI Measures, and Quality of Life in Middle-aged Population PDF Download

Author: Na Zhu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 124

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Author: PAULA HARTMAN-STEIN
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441906363
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 506

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Book Description
Late life is characterized by great diversity in memory and other cognitive functions. Although a substantial proportion of older adults suffer from Alzheimer’s disease or another form of dementia, a majority retain a high level of cognitive skills throughout the life span. Identifying factors that sustain and enhance cognitive well-being is a growing area of original and translational research. In 2009, there are as many as 5.2 million Americans living with Alzheimer’s disease, and that figure is expected to grow to as many as 16 million by 2050. One in six women and one in 10 men who live to be at least age 55 will develop Alzheimer’s disease in their remaining lifetime. Approximately 10 million of the 78 million baby boomers who were alive in 2008 can expect to develop Alzheimer’s disease. Seventy percent of people with Alzheimer’s disease live at home, cared for by family and friends. In 2008, 9.8 million family members, friends, and neighbors provided unpaid care for someone with Alzheimer’s disease or another form of dementia. The direct costs to Medicare and Medicaid for care of people with Alzheimer’s disease amount to more than $148 billion annually (from Alzheimer’s Association, 2008 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures). This book will highlight the research foundations behind brain fitness interventions as well as showcase innovative community-based programs to maintain and promote mental fitness and intervene with adults with cognitive impairment. The emphasis is on illustrating the nuts and bolts of setting up and utilizing cognitive health programs in the community, not just the laboratory.

Author: Wim Van Hecke
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1493931180
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 442

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Book Description
This book provides an overview of the practical aspects of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), from understanding the basis of the technique through selection of the right protocols, trouble-shooting data quality, and analyzing DTI data optimally. DTI is a non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for visualizing and quantifying tissue microstructure based on diffusion. The book discusses the theoretical background underlying DTI and advanced techniques based on higher-order models and multi-shell diffusion imaging. It covers the practical implementation of DTI; derivation of information from DTI data; and a range of clinical applications, including neurosurgical planning and the assessment of brain tumors. Its practical utility is enhanced by decision schemes and a fully annotated DTI brain atlas, including color fractional anisotropy maps and 3D tractography reconstructions of major white matter fiber bundles. Featuring contributions from leading specialists in the field of DTI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging: A Practical Handbook is a valuable resource for radiologists, neuroradiologists, MRI technicians and clinicians.

Author: Terry McMorris
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470740671
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 386

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Book Description
This textbook focuses on the relationship between physical exercise and cognition, a very timely and important topic with major theoretical and practical implications for a number of areas including ageing, neurorehabilitation, depression and dementia. It brings together a wide range of analytical approaches and experimental results to provide a very useful overview and synthesis of this growing field of study. The book is divided into three parts: Part I covers the conceptual, theoretical and methodological underpinnings and issues. Part II focuses on advances in exercise and cognition research, with appropriate sub-sections on ‘acute’ and ‘chronic’ exercise and cognition. Part III presents an overview of the area and makes suggestions for the direction of future research. This text provides a cutting-edge examination of this increasingly important area written by leading experts from around the world. The book will prove invaluable to researchers and practitioners in a number of fields, including exercise science, cognitive science, neuroscience and clinical medicine. Key Features: Unique in-depth investigation of the relationship between physical exercise and brain function. Covers theoretical approaches and experimental results and includes chapters on the latest developments in research design. Examines the effects of both acute and chronic exercise on brain function. International list of contributors, who are leading researchers in their field.

Author: Wang, Xixi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 129

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"Brain aging is accompanied with multiple symptoms including memory deficits, executive dysfunctions, depression, stress dysregulation, etc. These symptoms may result in serial adverse consequences, including cognitive decline, poor quality of life, reduced participation in intellectually beneficial activities, or mobility restriction. Moreover, abnormal aging that accompanies neuropathological changes can lead to dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Investigating how these brain-aging associated symptoms precede incident dementia, such as AD, is the first step in the early detection and prevention of AD for the aging population. The serial studies herein focused on the restingstate functional magnetic resonance imaging data as a way to understand the aging brain. Multivariate pattern analysis models were developed to characterize the profile of brain function that are related to aging-associated cognitive, behavioral, and psychological symptoms. The relationships between the brain function profile and AD pathological measurements were also examined across different clinical phenotypes. First, a set of brain regions whose amplitudes of low-frequency activation patterns were identified, distinguishing Supernormals (older adults with longitudinally excellent cognitive performance) from normal agers. Second, a shared neural circuit whose functional connectivity patterns was revealed, predicting multiple behavioral disturbances in patients with AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), a group at high risk for AD. Third, the inter-network patterns whose correlations between functional connectomes before and after an acute stress task were compared. The correspondence between the two sets of inter-network patterns in stress regulation was disrupted in aMCI group when compared with cognitively normal controls. Taken together, the in-depth characterization of brain aging functional profile, based on the relevant symptoms, across the cognitive aging spectrum (from normal cognitive aging to dementia, or to excellent cognitive aging) help lay the foundation for developing computational model-based biomarkers for early detection of AD."--Pages xi-xii.

Author: Stephanie Reh Miller
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 62

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Book Description
Problem: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are conditions affecting memory and cognitive function that are common in the elderly population. These illnesses negatively impact quality of life for millions of elderly individuals, and as create a large monetary burden for the healthcare system in the United States, which spends over$150 billion dollars annually on patients affected by these disorders. Methods: Randomized controlled trials using exercise assignment, as well as research on neurotrophic factors that influence brain plasticity have been performed to investigate the effects that exercise has on function of the aging brain. Articles for this literature review were found using the Weill Cornell Medical Library online resources. Results: Results of several randomized controlled studies support the hypothesis that exercise decreases the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases, and has beneficial effects on cognition, attention, planning, multitasking and working memory on those who suffer from these disorders. Conclusions: A study is needed which will assess changes in cognitive function over time in individuals with known cognitive impairment who are assigned to various exercise regimens. The ultimate goal of such a study should be to define the relationship between an individual's level physical activity and changes in cognitive function, and to find methods to prevent and improve symptoms of neurodegenerative disease in the growing elderly population using physical activity to improve quality of life and decrease disease burden.

Author: Kenichi Oishi
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123820820
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 266

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Book Description
MRI Atlas of Human White Matter presents an atlas to the human brain on the basis of T 1-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. A general background on magnetic resonance imaging is provided, as well as the basics of diffusion tensor imaging. An overview of the principles and limitations in using this methodology in fiber tracking is included. This book describes the core white-matter structures, as well as the superficial white matter, the deep gray matter, and the cortex. It also presents a three-dimensional reconstruction and atlas of the brain white-matter tracts. The Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates, which are the most widely used, are adopted in this book as the primary coordinate system. The Talairach coordinate system is used as the secondary coordinate system. Based on magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging, the book offers a full segmentation of 220 white-matter and gray-matter structures with boundaries. - Visualization of brain white matter anatomy via 3D diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) contrasts and enhances relationship of anatomy to function - Full segmentation of 170+ brain regions more clearly defines structure boundaries than previous point-and-annotate anatomical labeling, and connectivity is mapped in a way not provided by traditional atlases

Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309368650
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 300

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Book Description
For most Americans, staying "mentally sharp" as they age is a very high priority. Declines in memory and decision-making abilities may trigger fears of Alzheimer's disease or other neurodegenerative diseases. However, cognitive aging is a natural process that can have both positive and negative effects on cognitive function in older adults - effects that vary widely among individuals. At this point in time, when the older population is rapidly growing in the United States and across the globe, it is important to examine what is known about cognitive aging and to identify and promote actions that individuals, organizations, communities, and society can take to help older adults maintain and improve their cognitive health. Cognitive Aging assesses the public health dimensions of cognitive aging with an emphasis on definitions and terminology, epidemiology and surveillance, prevention and intervention, education of health professionals, and public awareness and education. This report makes specific recommendations for individuals to reduce the risks of cognitive decline with aging. Aging is inevitable, but there are actions that can be taken by individuals, families, communities, and society that may help to prevent or ameliorate the impact of aging on the brain, understand more about its impact, and help older adults live more fully and independent lives. Cognitive aging is not just an individual or a family or a health care system challenge. It is an issue that affects the fabric of society and requires actions by many and varied stakeholders. Cognitive Aging offers clear steps that individuals, families, communities, health care providers and systems, financial organizations, community groups, public health agencies, and others can take to promote cognitive health and to help older adults live fuller and more independent lives. Ultimately, this report calls for a societal commitment to cognitive aging as a public health issue that requires prompt action across many sectors.

Author: Erik Johan Anton Scherder
Publisher: VU Uitgeverij
ISBN: 9086595618
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 225

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Book Description
Drawing on the most current research, this study is the perfect companion for those who work alongside elderly people with and without dementia. The book explains why changes in cognition, motor skills, and pain are typical for the elderly while describing the most prevalent subtypes of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Focusing on the motor skills of hand motor activity and gait, the study also illustrates changes in the various aspects of pain experience, explaining them clearly through the use of neuropathology of the medial and lateral pain systems. Updates concerning compensation and rehabilitation are also included.

Author: Denise Park
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1135887519
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 294

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Book Description
As our society ages, the topic of cognitive aging is becoming increasingly important. This volume provides an accessible overview of how the cognitive system changes as a function of normal aging. Building on the successful first edition, this volume provide an even more comprehensive coverage of the major issues affecting memory, attention, language, speech and other aspects of cognitive functioning. The essential chapters from the first edition have been thoroughly revised and updated and new chapters have been introduced which draw in neuroscience studies and more applied topics. In addition, contributors were encouraged to ensure their chapters are accessible to students studying the topic for the first time. This therefore makes the volume appealing as a textbook on senior undergraduate and graduate courses.