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Book Description
Ce travail concerne la caractérisation des dommages d’irradiation induits dans trois céramiques oxydes susceptibles d’être utilisées comme matrice inerte pour cible de transmutation: α-Al2O3, MgO et MgAl2O4. Pour simuler l’impact des fragments de fission, les échantillons ont été irradiés avec des ions lourds de quelques centaines de MeV. L’endommagement créé a été analysé par thermoluminescence (TL), absorption optique, fluorescence, résonance paramagnétique électronique (RPE) et diffraction des rayons X (DRX) à faible incidence. L’irradiation induit la formation d’agrégats de lacunes anioniques à partir de lacunes isolées présentes initialement ou créées lors des cascades de déplacements ; les défauts induits dans MgAl2O4 sont également liés au désordre cationique. La diminution de l’intensité de TL observée suite à l’irradiation est corrélée à l’augmentation de l’absorption optique des matériaux mais aussi à la diffusion des défauts ponctuels vers les joints de grains et aux agrégats de défauts créés par les ions lourds. Les mesures de DRX montrent que MgAl2O4 présente une phase amorphe alors que α-Al2O3 et MgO restent cristallins même à haute fluence (2,0.1014 ions/cm2). L’étude de différents paramètres d’irradiation indique que le pouvoir d’arrêt joue un rôle fondamental dans l’endommagement et que les défauts ponctuels sur le réseau anionique sont créés lors des collisions nucléaires. En outre, l’irradiation à haute température induit une coalescence des défauts isolés aboutissant à la formation d’agrégats de défauts. Enfin, les expériences de recuit mettent en évidence l’existence d’une température critique de 500 °C pour la guérison des défauts induits observés.
Book Description
Ce travail concerne la caractérisation des dommages d’irradiation induits dans trois céramiques oxydes susceptibles d’être utilisées comme matrice inerte pour cible de transmutation: α-Al2O3, MgO et MgAl2O4. Pour simuler l’impact des fragments de fission, les échantillons ont été irradiés avec des ions lourds de quelques centaines de MeV. L’endommagement créé a été analysé par thermoluminescence (TL), absorption optique, fluorescence, résonance paramagnétique électronique (RPE) et diffraction des rayons X (DRX) à faible incidence. L’irradiation induit la formation d’agrégats de lacunes anioniques à partir de lacunes isolées présentes initialement ou créées lors des cascades de déplacements ; les défauts induits dans MgAl2O4 sont également liés au désordre cationique. La diminution de l’intensité de TL observée suite à l’irradiation est corrélée à l’augmentation de l’absorption optique des matériaux mais aussi à la diffusion des défauts ponctuels vers les joints de grains et aux agrégats de défauts créés par les ions lourds. Les mesures de DRX montrent que MgAl2O4 présente une phase amorphe alors que α-Al2O3 et MgO restent cristallins même à haute fluence (2,0.1014 ions/cm2). L’étude de différents paramètres d’irradiation indique que le pouvoir d’arrêt joue un rôle fondamental dans l’endommagement et que les défauts ponctuels sur le réseau anionique sont créés lors des collisions nucléaires. En outre, l’irradiation à haute température induit une coalescence des défauts isolés aboutissant à la formation d’agrégats de défauts. Enfin, les expériences de recuit mettent en évidence l’existence d’une température critique de 500 °C pour la guérison des défauts induits observés.
Book Description
Earthen architecture constitutes one of the most diverse forms of cultural heritage and one of the most challenging to preserve. It dates from all periods and is found on all continents but is particularly prevalent in Africa, where it has been a building tradition for centuries. Sites range from ancestral cities in Mali to the palaces of Abomey in Benin, from monuments and mosques in Iran and Buddhist temples on the Silk Road to Spanish missions in California. This volume's sixty-four papers address such themes as earthen architecture in Mali, the conservation of living sites, local knowledge systems and intangible aspects, seismic and other natural forces, the conservation and management of archaeological sites, research advances, and training.
Author: Constantin Papastefanou Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080555985 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 187
Book Description
Whenever radioactivity is released to the atmosphere, for example by the detonation of nuclear weapons or the testing of nuclear weapons or from nuclear reactor accidents that fraction of it which remains airborne for more than a few hours is liable to be attached to aerosol particles. The resulting radioactive aerosols are carried by atmospheric mixing processes until they settle out or are scavenged by precipitation. The radiation exposure pathway of maximum concern to humans is by inhalation of aerosols and their deposition in the respiratory tract. In this context, it is important to note that radioactive aerosols are commonly of natural origin alos. In particular, the associated radionuclides can be of natural terrestrial origin, such as the decay products of radon gas, or they can e cosmogenic, such as beryllium-7. The exposure of miners of uranium and other ores and minerals to radon and its aerosol-borne decay products is of major significance. The book describes the formation of aerosols, their aerodynamic size distribution, their atmospheric residence time, their sampling and measurement, the range of radioactive aerosols found and studied thus far, including man-made nuclides and radon decay products and their interaction with man, including deposition in the lung and subsequent health effects. - Advanced level science handbook for researchers, scientists and academics - Covers all aspects of radiation exposure in humans, including subsequent health implications - Presents the latest findings and analysis in this highly topical area
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency Publisher: International Atomic Energy Agency ISBN: 9789201063205 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 72
Book Description
This publication results from a technical meeting on phenomenology and technologies relevant to in-vessel melt retention (IVMR) and ex-vessel corium cooling (EVCC). The purpose of the publication is to capture the state of knowledge, at the time of that meeting, related to phenomenology and technologies as well as the challenges and pending issues relevant to IVMR and EVCC for water cooled reactors by summarizing the information provided by the meeting participants in a form useful to practitioners in Member States.
Author: Jean Daillant Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540486968 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 347
Book Description
The reflection of and neutrons from surfaces has existed as an x-rays exp- imental for almost it is in the last technique fifty Nevertheless, only years. decade that these methods have become as of enormously popular probes This the surfaces and interfaces. to be due to of several appears convergence of intense different circumstances. These include the more n- availability be measured orders tron and sources that can over (so reflectivity x-ray many of and the much weaker surface diffuse can now also be magnitude scattering of thin films and studied in some the detail); growing importance multil- basic the realization of the ers in both and technology research; important which in the of surfaces and and role roughness plays properties interfaces; the of statistical models to characterize the of finally development topology its and its characterization from on roughness, dependence growth processes The of and to surface scattering experiments. ability x-rays neutro4s study four five orders of in scale of surfaces over to magnitude length regardless their and also their to ability probe environment, temperature, pressure, etc. , makes these the choice for buried interfaces often probes preferred obtaining information about the microstructure of often in statistical a global surfaces, the local This is manner to complementary imaging microscopy techniques, of such studies in the literature witnessed the veritable by explosion published the last few Thus these lectures will useful for over a resource years.
Author: Bo Song Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319224522 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 265
Book Description
Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1 represents the first of nine volumes of technical papers presented at the Society for Experimental Mechanics SEM 15th International Congress & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, held at Costa Mesa, California, June 8-11, 2015. The full set of proceedings also includes volumes on: Challenges in Mechanics of Time Dependent Materials, Advancement of Optical Methods in Experimental Mechanics, Experimental and Applied Mechanics 16th International Symposium on MEMS and Nanotechnology, 5th International Symposium on the Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials, International Symposium on the Mechanics of Composite and Multi-functional Materials, Fracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution; and Residual Stress, Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Hybrid Techniques and Inverse Problems.
Author: Caitlin E. Buck Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9781852337636 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 284
Book Description
The first book to group together and analyze all the chronology construction methods used in different disciplines, this book will appeal to a wide range of researchers, scientists and graduate students using chronologies in their work; from applied statisticians to archaeologists, geologists and paleontologists, to those working in bioinformatics and chronometry. It is truly interdisciplinary and designed to enable cross fertilization of techniques.
Author: Agnes Buka Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 1848167997 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 299
Book Description
The book intends to give a state-of-the-art overview of flexoelectricity, a linear physical coupling between mechanical (orientational) deformations and electric polarization, which is specific to systems with orientational order, such as liquid crystals. Chapters written by experts in the field shed light on theoretical as well as experimental aspects of research carried out since the discovery of flexoelectricity. Besides a common macroscopic (continuum) description the microscopic theory of flexoelectricity is also addressed. Electro-optic effects due to or modified by flexoelectricity as well as various (direct and indirect) measurement methods are discussed. Special emphasis is given to the role of flexoelectricity in pattern-forming instabilities. While the main focus of the book lies in flexoelectricity in nematic liquid crystals, peculiarities of other mesophases (bent-core systems, cholesterics, and smectics) are also reviewed. Flexoelectricity has relevance to biological (living) systems and can also offer possibilities for technical applications. The basics of these two interdisciplinary fields are also summarized.
Author: Chrystelle Dalmasso
Author: Chrystelle Dalmasso
Author: Leslie Rainer
Author: J. Belle
Author: Constantin Papastefanou
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
Author: Jean Daillant
Author: Bo Song
Author: Bryan C. Storey
Author: Caitlin E. Buck
Author: Agnes Buka