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Author: Mr.Alain Ize Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 145186034X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 27
Book Description
This paper provides a simple, quantitative, net worth-based, approach to assessing the need for central bank capital. It derives a concept of "core capital" (a function of the central bank's operating expenditures and the carrying cost of its international reserves) as the minimum capital needed by a central bank to ensure the credibility of its inflation target. The approach is illustrated with the published accounts of three loss-making central banks and selected accounting entries for a broader sample of central banks. Policy implications are explored. In particular, the paper argues that central bank capitalizations cannot be automatic and require instead a broad policy debate.
Author: Mr.Alain Ize Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 145186034X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 27
Book Description
This paper provides a simple, quantitative, net worth-based, approach to assessing the need for central bank capital. It derives a concept of "core capital" (a function of the central bank's operating expenditures and the carrying cost of its international reserves) as the minimum capital needed by a central bank to ensure the credibility of its inflation target. The approach is illustrated with the published accounts of three loss-making central banks and selected accounting entries for a broader sample of central banks. Policy implications are explored. In particular, the paper argues that central bank capitalizations cannot be automatic and require instead a broad policy debate.
Author: Mr.Peter Stella Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1451850506 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 40
Book Description
Central banks may operate perfectly well without capital as conventionally defined. A large negative net worth, however, is likely to compromise central bank independence and interfere with its ability to attain policy objectives. If society values an independent central bank capable of effectively implementing monetary policy, recapitalization may become essential. Proper accounting practice in determining central bank profit or loss and rules governing the transfer of the central bank’s operating result to the treasury are also important. A variety of country-specific central bank practices are reviewed to support the argument.
Author: Sue Milton Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1136895906 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 225
Book Description
This collection takes the reader through historical, theoretical and factual discussions on why central banks exist and the role – actual and intended – they have in assisting their home nation in achieving monetary and financial stability.
Author: Gabriella Gianna Hunter Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Central banks can go broke. History has given many examples of monetary institutions that went into bankruptcy and have been recapitalized in order to maintain their monetary policy. For a long time, the consequences of central bank insolvency were considered to be an issue reserved for developing economies and unstable economic environments. Only recent developments have brought the subject into the economic debate regarding historically stable and profitable institutions like the Swiss National Bank, which presumably faces a heavy loss for 2015. However, the implications of low or even negative central bank capitalization for performance in regard to monetary policy objectives remain highly elusive and have sparked much discussion. The financial situation portrayed in the balance sheet of a central bank gives little indication of whether the institution has performed according to the stipulated policy goals. Even though research in the field has been somewhat developed in recent years, a well-structured analysis of the question of whether and to what extent central bank capital affects performance does not exist as of this writing. What is lacking is a thorough theoretical framework to assess the empirical evidence from recent studies. This paper tries to fill this gap by examining the fundamentals of central banking and its differences to commercial banking. It is shown that negative central bank capital does lead to poor performance. However, the channels through which it influences monetary policy are complex, and, therefore, a multidimensional model is elaborated. Tested against empirical evidence from previous studies, the model appears to have good explanatory power on how the ability to issue money influences the effects of low capital on inflation. The significance of the currency of denomination of assets and liabilities for performance, on the other hand, has been crucially underestimated in the literature.
Author: José Abad Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1616358939 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 61
Book Description
Following the COVID shock, supervisors encouraged banks to use capital buffers to support the recovery. However, banks have been reluctant to do so. Provided the market expects a bank to rebuild its buffers, any draw-down will open up a capital shortfall that will weigh on its share price. Therefore, a bank will only decide to use its buffers if the value creation from a larger loan book offsets the costs associated with a capital shortfall. Using market expectations, we calibrate a framework for assessing the usability of buffers. Our results suggest that the cases in which the use of buffers make economic sense are rare in practice.
Author: Lawrence Jacobs Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0197573142 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 305
Book Description
An eye-opening analysis of the Federal Reserve's massive and unwarranted power in American life and how it favors the financial sector over everyone else. The Federal Reserve, created more than a century ago, is the most powerful central bank in the world. The Fed's power, which derives from its ability to alter the money supply and move interest rates, weighs heavily not only on the US economy, but on the world economy as well. Lawrence R. Jacobs and Desmond King's Fed Power is the first sustained synthesis of the Fed's political role--especially the way in which it uses its power to benefit some interest groups and not others--since the 2008 financial crisis. In this fully updated and revised second edition, Fed Power addresses new developments during Trump's presidency--particularly the Fed's massive and unprecedented injection of liquidity into the US economy following the COVID epidemic-and offers fresh insights on the Fed's outsized role in picking winners and losers in the American economy. King and Jacobs conclude with bold proposals to reform America's financial management to prevent future crises and to restore democratic accountability. A powerful critique of how the Federal Reserve governs the American economy, Fed Power will be essential reading for anyone interested in the role that the Fed's policies have played in increasing economic and racial inequality across both the Obama and Trump presidencies and the new directions pursued by the Biden administration and progressive activists.
Author: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Publisher: ISBN: 9780894991967 Category : Banks and Banking Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Provides an in-depth overview of the Federal Reserve System, including information about monetary policy and the economy, the Federal Reserve in the international sphere, supervision and regulation, consumer and community affairs and services offered by Reserve Banks. Contains several appendixes, including a brief explanation of Federal Reserve regulations, a glossary of terms, and a list of additional publications.
Author: Leon Wansleben Publisher: Harvard University Press ISBN: 0674287703 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 353
Book Description
A bold history of the rise of central banks, showing how institutions designed to steady the ship of global finance have instead become as destabilizing as they are dominant. While central banks have gained remarkable influence over the past fifty years, promising more stability, global finance has gone from crisis to crisis. How do we explain this development? Drawing on original sources ignored in previous research, The Rise of Central Banks offers a groundbreaking account of the origins and consequences of central banks’ increasing clout over economic policy. Many commentators argue that ideas drove change, indicating a shift in the 1970s from Keynesianism to monetarism, concerned with controlling inflation. Others point to the stagflation crises, which put capitalists and workers at loggerheads. Capitalists won, the story goes, then pushed deregulation and disinflation by redistributing power from elected governments to markets and central banks. Both approaches are helpful, but they share a weakness. Abstracting from the evolving practices of central banking, they provide inaccurate accounts of recent policy changes and fail to explain how we arrived at the current era of easy money and excessive finance. By comparing developments in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Switzerland, Leon Wansleben finds that central bankers’ own policy innovations were an important ingredient of change. These innovations allowed central bankers to use privileged relationships with expanding financial markets to govern the economy. But by relying on markets, central banks fostered excessive credit growth and cultivated an unsustainable version of capitalism. Through extensive archival work and numerous interviews, Wansleben sheds new light on the agency of bureaucrats and calls upon society and elected leaders to direct these actors’ efforts to more progressive goals.
Author: Mr.Alain Ize
Author: Mr.Alain Ize
Author: Mr.Peter Stella
Author: Sue Milton
Author: Gabriella Gianna Hunter
Author: José Abad
Author: Lawrence Jacobs
Author: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Author: Alain Ize
Author: 
Author: Leon Wansleben