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Author: Pierre-Richard Agénor Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 53
Book Description
The business cycle effects of bank capital regulatory regimes are examined in a New Keynesian model with credit market imperfections and a cost channel of monetary policy. Key features of the model are that bank capital increases incentives for banks to monitor borrowers, thereby reducing the probability of default, and excess capital generates benefits in terms of reduced regulatory scrutiny. Basel I and Basel II-type regulatory regimes are defined, and the model is calibrated for a middle-income country. Simulations of supply and demand shocks show that, depending on the elasticity that relates the repayment probability to the capital-loan ratio, a Basel II-type regime may be less procyclical than a Basel I-type regime.
Author: Pierre-Richard Agénor Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 53
Book Description
The business cycle effects of bank capital regulatory regimes are examined in a New Keynesian model with credit market imperfections and a cost channel of monetary policy. Key features of the model are that bank capital increases incentives for banks to monitor borrowers, thereby reducing the probability of default, and excess capital generates benefits in terms of reduced regulatory scrutiny. Basel I and Basel II-type regulatory regimes are defined, and the model is calibrated for a middle-income country. Simulations of supply and demand shocks show that, depending on the elasticity that relates the repayment probability to the capital-loan ratio, a Basel II-type regime may be less procyclical than a Basel I-type regime.
Author: Kiminori Matsuyama Publisher: ISBN: Category : Credit Languages : en Pages : 49
Book Description
Credit market imperfections provide the key to understanding many important issues in business cycles, growth and development, and international economics. Recent progress in these areas, however, has left in its wake a bewildering array of individual models with seemingly conflicting results. This paper offers a road map. Using the same single model of credit market imperfections throughout, it brings together a diverse set of results within a unified framework. In so doing, it aims to draw a coherent picture so that one is able to see some close connections between these results, thereby showing how a wide range of aggregate phenomena may be attributed to the common cause. They include, among other things, endogenous investment-specific technical changes, development traps, leapfrogging, persistent recessions, recurring boom-and-bust cycles, reverse international capital flows, the rise and fall of inequality across nations, and the patterns of international trade. The framework is also used to investigate some equilibrium and distributional impacts of improving the efficiency of credit markets. One recurring finding is that the properties of equilibrium often respond non-monotonically to parameter changes, which suggests some cautions for studying aggregate implications of credit market imperfections within a narrow class or a particular family of models.
Author: Imen Ben Mohamed Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The crisis of 2009 raised the question whether the financial conditions matter for the business cycles and the propagation of shocks originating in the financial sphere. I tried to drive a fine analysis of this issue using micro-founded general equilibrium models. The modelling choice was backed by empirical motivations. In three essays, i study the impact of monetary and financial shocks on growth and labour market dynamics. First, an expansionary monetary policy eases credit conditions, raises risk tolerance and the quality of borrowers and generates a liquidity effect. The potency of the monetary policy and the size of the credit channel depend considerably on the degree of financial frictions in the credit market. Second, a restrictive monetary policy shock, an positive credit shock and a positive uncertainty shocks have similar effects on the economy: they plunge the economy in a recession, with output, job creations, and hours worked decreasing, while unemployment and job destructions increase. In all cases the interest rate spread increase, therefore indicating that financial conditions deteriorate, which is interpreted as a sign that financial frictions play a critical role in the propagation of these shocks. Third, the interaction between financial and labour market frictions does exist. The interplay between the two indeed plays a role in propagating the shocks. A shock to net worth, a credit shock and an uncertainty shock play a non-trivial role for the dynamics on the labour market.
Author: Nicolas Petrovsky-Nadeau Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The first chapter shows that the propagation properties of the standard search and matching model of equilibrium unemployment are significantly altered when vacancy costs require some external financing on frictional credit markets. Agency problems on credit markets lead to higher costs of vacancies. When the former are counter-cyclical, this greatly increases the elasticity of vacancies to productivity through two distinct channels: (i) a cost channel - lowered unit costs during an upturn as credit constraints are relaxed increase the incentive to post vacancies; (ii) a wage channel - the improved bargaining position of firms afforded by the lowered cost of vacancies limits of the upward pressure of market tightness on wages. As a result, the model can match the observed volatility of unemployment, vacancies and labor market tightness. Moreover, the progressive easing of financing constraints to innovations generates persistence in the response of market tightness and vacancies, a robust feature of the data and shortcoming of the standard model. Extending the model to allow for endogenous job separation improves its ability to match gross labor flows statistics while preserving its propagation properties. The second chapter documents the existence of time-varying congestion in the (re)allocation of physical capital akin to what is observed on labor markets. It then builds a model with search frictions for the allocation of physical capital in order to investigate its implications for the business cycle. While the model is in principle capable of generating substantial internal propagation to small exogenous shocks, the quantitative effects are modest once it is calibrated to fit firm-level capital flows. The model is then extended to credit market frictions that lead to countercyclical default as in the data. Although countercyclical default directly affects capital reallocation, even in this extended model, search frictions in physical capital markets play only a small role for business cycle fluctuations. The final chapter models flows of foreign direct investment (FDI) in a two country, two sector DSGE framework. The allocation of capital to production capacity abroad is subject to a search-and-matching friction with endogenous capital reallocation, capturing the additional cost and time involved in adjusting production capacity abroad. The model is calibrated on observed gross inflows and outflows of FDI and leads to dynamics of net foreign direct investment consistent with the empirical evidence documented in this chapter: inward and outward net flows of FDI are positively correlated whereas a standard International Real Business Cycle model has the prediction of a negative correlation. Moreover, the model solves the aggregate investment quantity puzzle as it generates cross-country correlations in-line with the data.
Author: Daron Acemoglu Publisher: ISBN: 9780226002026 Category : Macroeconomics Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The NBER Macroeconomics Annual provides a forum for important debates in contemporary macroeconomics and major developments in the theory of macroeconomic analysis and policy that include leading economists from a variety of fields. The papers and accompanying discussions in NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2007 address exchange-rate models; implications of credit market frictions; cyclical budgetary policy and economic growth; the impacts of shocks to government spending on consumption, real wages, and employment; dynamic macroeconomic models; and the role of cyclical entry of new firms and products on the nature of business-cycle fluctuations and on the effects of monetary policy.
Author: Ms.Yu Shi Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1498316352 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 39
Book Description
Using business registry data from China, we show that internal capital markets in business groups can propagate corporate shareholders’ credit supply shocks to their subsidiaries. An average of 16.7% local bank credit growth where corporate shareholders are located would increase subsidiaries investment by 1% of their tangible fixed asset value, which accounts for 71% (7%) of the median (average) investment rate among these firms. We argue that equity exchanges is one channel through which corporate shareholders transmit bank credit supply shocks to the subsidiaries and provide empirical evidence to support the channel.
Author: Pierre-Richard Agénor
Author: Pierre-Richard Agénor
Author: P.-R. AgÜ♭nor
Author: Pierre-Richard Agénor
Author: Kiminori Matsuyama
Author: Imen Ben Mohamed
Author: Nicolas Petrovsky-Nadeau
Author: Eric Hansen
Author: Daron Acemoglu
Author: Ms.Yu Shi
Author: Mark Gertler