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Author: Hans Griem Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323150942 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 425
Book Description
Spectral Line Broadening by Plasmas deals with spectral line broadening by plasmas and covers topics ranging from quasi-static approximation and impact approximation to intermediate approximations and correlation effects. Experimental results for hydrogen lines, lines with forbidden components, and ionized helium lines are presented. Applications such as density and temperature measurements are also considered. Comprised of four chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the effects of electric fields from electrons and ions (both acting as point charges) on spectral line shapes. The next chapter surveys theoretical work, paying particular attention to quasi-static, impact, and intermediate approximations as well as correlation effects. Stark broadening experiments are then discussed, with special emphasis on experiments capable of checking the accuracy or validity limits of the various approximations. The final chapter is devoted to applications in laboratory plasma physics and astronomy, focusing on density and temperature measurements and opacity calculations as well as the analysis of stellar atmospheres, amplitudes and spectra of plasma waves, and radio frequency lines. This book should appeal to students, practitioners, and researchers in pure and applied physics.
Author: Hans Griem Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323150942 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 425
Book Description
Spectral Line Broadening by Plasmas deals with spectral line broadening by plasmas and covers topics ranging from quasi-static approximation and impact approximation to intermediate approximations and correlation effects. Experimental results for hydrogen lines, lines with forbidden components, and ionized helium lines are presented. Applications such as density and temperature measurements are also considered. Comprised of four chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the effects of electric fields from electrons and ions (both acting as point charges) on spectral line shapes. The next chapter surveys theoretical work, paying particular attention to quasi-static, impact, and intermediate approximations as well as correlation effects. Stark broadening experiments are then discussed, with special emphasis on experiments capable of checking the accuracy or validity limits of the various approximations. The final chapter is devoted to applications in laboratory plasma physics and astronomy, focusing on density and temperature measurements and opacity calculations as well as the analysis of stellar atmospheres, amplitudes and spectra of plasma waves, and radio frequency lines. This book should appeal to students, practitioners, and researchers in pure and applied physics.
Author: Igor I. Sobel'man Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 364257825X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 320
Book Description
A survey of elementary processes and mechanisms, presenting useful and relatively simple methods of approximation for calculating the effective cross sections, giving a number of approximate formulas. Extensive tables list cross sections and rate coefficients for various atoms and elementary processes. For this second edition several sections and formulas have been substantially revised, the tables recalculated using the updated version of ATOM and recent progress in the field has been added.
Author: Thomas Alexander Gomez Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 458
Book Description
Spectral line broadening has many applications in astrophysics and plasma physics. Calculations of line broadening are used in nearly all opacity models, which are then folded into atmosphere or radiative-transfer models, or used as density diagnostics in laboratory plasmas. However, there is evidence to suggest that spectral models are incomplete. For example, the experiment designed to measure the iron opacity at solar interior conditions has revealed significant discrepancies between measured and modeled opacities. Additionally, the determination of masses in white dwarfs using spectroscopic methods does not agree with other opacity-model-independent methods. Due to the challenging nature of line-broadening calculations, approximations are often employed in order to keep the calculation tractable. One approximation that will be examined in this thesis is how charged plasma particles (electrons, ions, and atoms) are assumed to interact with each other. These charged plasma particles interact via a Coulomb potential; in low-density plasmas, this can be approximated by a second-order Taylor expansion, and the plasma particles are assumed to be always outside the radiator (dipole approximation). The dipole approximation is used extensively throughout spectral line-broadening calculations---even beyond its validity criteria. In this dissertation, I am improving the treatment of the interaction between the radiator and the plasma particles for close interactions and will focus on an accurate treatment of penetrating collisions of plasma particles with the radiator. The first improvement is to examine when the higher-order Taylor terms become important and when the dipole-only approximation breaks down. I further explore the effects of penetrating collisions due to electrons and ions. At extremely high densities, the wave behavior of quantum electrons starts to become important. As a first test of the quantum theory of electron collisions with penetration, I attempted to create correspondence between the new quantum calculation and semi-classical calculations in a regime where quantum effects aren't important. However, I could not create correspondence without the Pauli exclusion (which has been neglected in previous calculations): since electrons exist in both the plasma and the atom, the quantum repulsion of electrons (due to being spin-1/2 particles) needed to be included explicitly. There are also additional terms present in the broadening operator which have been previously neglected and considered for the first time here. I also explore the effect of penetrating collisions due to ions, for it is this treatment that is important for calculations of line merging and continuum lowering (sometimes called ionization potential depression)---a hotly debated physical effect. While I include many improvements in this thesis, it is in no way complete; there are many other untested effects that are commonly used in spectral-line broadening calculations. I conclude by showing some of the astrophysical implications specifically to white dwarfs.
Author: Milan S. Dimitrijević Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 3039281682 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 268
Book Description
Spectral lines, widths, and shapes are powerful tools for emitting/absorbing gas diagnostics in different astrophysical objects (from the solar system to the most distant objects in the universe—quasars). On the other hand, experimental and theoretical investigations of laboratory plasma have been applied in spectroscopic astrophysical research, especially in research on atomic data needed for line shape calculations. Data on spectral lines and their profiles are also important for diagnostics, analysis, and the modelling of fusion plasma, laser-produced plasma, laser design and development, and various plasmas in industry and technology, like light sources based on plasmas or the welding and piercing of metals by laser-produced plasma. The papers from this book can be divided into four groups: 1. stark broadening data for astrophysical and laboratory plasma investigations; 2. applications of spectral lines for astrophysical and laboratory plasma research; 3. spectral line phenomena in extragalactic objects, and 4. laboratory astrophysics results for spectra investigation. The reviews and research papers, representing new research on the topics presented in this book, are of interest for specialists and PhD students. We hope that the present book will be useful and interesting for scientists interested in the investigation of spectral line shapes and will contribute to the education of young researchers and PhD students.
Author: Evgeniĭ Aleksandrovich Oks Publisher: Alpha Science International, Limited ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 176
Book Description
The Stark broadening of spectral lines in plasmas belongs to the highest level of plasma spectroscopy and is consequently its most complicated subject. This book presents analytical advances into this problem, thus yielding a physical insight.
Author: Joachim Seidel Publisher: American Institute of Physics ISBN: 9781563969911 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 536
Book Description
The biennial ICSLS conferences review the most recent theoretical and experimental advances in both fundamental and applied work dealing with the formation of spectral line profiles, the underlying physical processes, and the use of line shape analysis for diagnostic applications. Spectral line shapes and shifts are affected by the interactions between atoms, molecules, ions, electrons and photons. Therefore, their measurement and interpretation provides information on the physical properties of all kinds of material systems, from astrophysical and nuclear-fusion plasmas to superfluid helium droplets. Topics discussed in these proceedings include dense plasmas, hydrogen plasma broadening, asymmetry, non-hydrogenic line profiles, plasma-diagnostic and other applications, general theory, high-resolution spectroscopy, alkali-doped helium clusters, molecules and atoms, optical collisions, collision-induced effects, and related topics.
Author: Hans R. Griem Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 0521455049 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 390
Book Description
A comprehensive description of theoretical foundations and experimental applications of spectroscopic methods in plasmas. It covers the classical and quantum theory of radiation, spectral line broadening, continuous spectra, thermodynamic relations, radiative energy transfer and losses, and applications of plasma spectroscopy to measurements of densities, magnetic and electric fields, and temperatures.
Author: I.I. Sobelman Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9783642965562 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
New applications of atomic spectroscopy in laser physics, laser spectrosco py, laser frequency and wavelength measurements, plasma physics, astrophysics, and some other related problems have been developed very intensively in the last years. As a result, the approximate methods of calculation of the transition probabilities and cross sections necessary for all these applications have become of vastly increased importance. At the same time, some new problems have arisen in the theory of spectral line broadening such as the shape of nonlinear resonances in the spectra of gas lasers, interference effects, and some other problems connected with various spectroscopic methods of plasma diagnostics. This book is devoted to the systematic treatment of the theory of the elementary processes responsible for the excitation of atomic spectra and the theory of spectral line broadening. The choice of problems is significantly different from that traditional for books on the theory of atomic collisions. The main goal of the book is to present the most efficient and useful of comparatively simple approximate methods for the calcula tion and estimation of cross sections. Numerous tables containing the results of approximate cross section calculations for the most important elementary processes are included in the book. Comprehensive presenta tion of the theory of atomic collisions is out of the scope of this book and can be found elsewhere. However, the fundamentals of the general theory of collisions which are necessary for formulation of approximate methods are given in Chapter 2.
Author: Hans Griem
Author: Hans Griem
Author: Evgeny Stambulchik
Author: Igor I. Sobel'man
Author: Thomas Alexander Gomez
Author: Eugene Oks
Author: Milan S. Dimitrijević
Author: Evgeniĭ Aleksandrovich Oks
Author: Joachim Seidel
Author: Hans R. Griem
Author: I.I. Sobelman