Author: Douglas Schmidt
Publisher: FT Press
ISBN: 0321623851
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 336
Book Description
As networks, devices, and systems continue to evolve, software engineers face the unique challenge of creating reliable distributed applications within frequently changing environments. C++ Network Programming, Volume 1, provides practical solutions for developing and optimizing complex distributed systems using the ADAPTIVE Communication Environment (ACE), a revolutionary open-source framework that runs on dozens of hardware platforms and operating systems. This book guides software professionals through the traps and pitfalls of developing efficient, portable, and flexible networked applications. It explores the inherent design complexities of concurrent networked applications and the tradeoffs that must be considered when working to master them. C++ Network Programming begins with an overview of the issues and tools involved in writing distributed concurrent applications. The book then provides the essential design dimensions, patterns, and principles needed to develop flexible and efficient concurrent networked applications. The book's expert author team shows you how to enhance design skills while applying C++ and patterns effectively to develop object-oriented networked applications. Readers will find coverage of: C++ network programming, including an overview and strategies for addressing common development challenges The ACE Toolkit Connection protocols, message exchange, and message-passing versus shared memory Implementation methods for reusable networked application services Concurrency in object-oriented network programming Design principles and patterns for ACE wrapper facades With this book, C++ developers have at their disposal the most complete toolkit available for developing successful, multiplatform, concurrent networked applications with ease and efficiency.
C++ Network Programming, Volume I
Author: Douglas Schmidt
Publisher: FT Press
ISBN: 0321623851
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 336
Book Description
As networks, devices, and systems continue to evolve, software engineers face the unique challenge of creating reliable distributed applications within frequently changing environments. C++ Network Programming, Volume 1, provides practical solutions for developing and optimizing complex distributed systems using the ADAPTIVE Communication Environment (ACE), a revolutionary open-source framework that runs on dozens of hardware platforms and operating systems. This book guides software professionals through the traps and pitfalls of developing efficient, portable, and flexible networked applications. It explores the inherent design complexities of concurrent networked applications and the tradeoffs that must be considered when working to master them. C++ Network Programming begins with an overview of the issues and tools involved in writing distributed concurrent applications. The book then provides the essential design dimensions, patterns, and principles needed to develop flexible and efficient concurrent networked applications. The book's expert author team shows you how to enhance design skills while applying C++ and patterns effectively to develop object-oriented networked applications. Readers will find coverage of: C++ network programming, including an overview and strategies for addressing common development challenges The ACE Toolkit Connection protocols, message exchange, and message-passing versus shared memory Implementation methods for reusable networked application services Concurrency in object-oriented network programming Design principles and patterns for ACE wrapper facades With this book, C++ developers have at their disposal the most complete toolkit available for developing successful, multiplatform, concurrent networked applications with ease and efficiency.
Publisher: FT Press
ISBN: 0321623851
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 336
Book Description
As networks, devices, and systems continue to evolve, software engineers face the unique challenge of creating reliable distributed applications within frequently changing environments. C++ Network Programming, Volume 1, provides practical solutions for developing and optimizing complex distributed systems using the ADAPTIVE Communication Environment (ACE), a revolutionary open-source framework that runs on dozens of hardware platforms and operating systems. This book guides software professionals through the traps and pitfalls of developing efficient, portable, and flexible networked applications. It explores the inherent design complexities of concurrent networked applications and the tradeoffs that must be considered when working to master them. C++ Network Programming begins with an overview of the issues and tools involved in writing distributed concurrent applications. The book then provides the essential design dimensions, patterns, and principles needed to develop flexible and efficient concurrent networked applications. The book's expert author team shows you how to enhance design skills while applying C++ and patterns effectively to develop object-oriented networked applications. Readers will find coverage of: C++ network programming, including an overview and strategies for addressing common development challenges The ACE Toolkit Connection protocols, message exchange, and message-passing versus shared memory Implementation methods for reusable networked application services Concurrency in object-oriented network programming Design principles and patterns for ACE wrapper facades With this book, C++ developers have at their disposal the most complete toolkit available for developing successful, multiplatform, concurrent networked applications with ease and efficiency.
Hands-On Network Programming with C
Author: Lewis Van Winkle
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 1789344085
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 467
Book Description
A comprehensive guide to programming with network sockets, implementing internet protocols, designing IoT devices, and much more with C Key FeaturesApply your C and C++ programming skills to build powerful network applicationsGet to grips with a variety of network protocols that allow you to load web pages, send emails, and do much moreWrite portable network code for Windows, Linux, and macOSBook Description Network programming enables processes to communicate with each other over a computer network, but it is a complex task that requires programming with multiple libraries and protocols. With its support for third-party libraries and structured documentation, C is an ideal language to write network programs. Complete with step-by-step explanations of essential concepts and practical examples, this C network programming book begins with the fundamentals of Internet Protocol, TCP, and UDP. You'll explore client-server and peer-to-peer models for information sharing and connectivity with remote computers. The book will also cover HTTP and HTTPS for communicating between your browser and website, and delve into hostname resolution with DNS, which is crucial to the functioning of the modern web. As you advance, you'll gain insights into asynchronous socket programming and streams, and explore debugging and error handling. Finally, you'll study network monitoring and implement security best practices. By the end of this book, you'll have experience of working with client-server applications and be able to implement new network programs in C. The code in this book is compatible with the older C99 version as well as the latest C18 and C++17 standards. You'll work with robust, reliable, and secure code that is portable across operating systems, including Winsock sockets for Windows and POSIX sockets for Linux and macOS. What you will learnUncover cross-platform socket programming APIsImplement techniques for supporting IPv4 and IPv6Understand how TCP and UDP connections work over IPDiscover how hostname resolution and DNS workInterface with web APIs using HTTP and HTTPSExplore Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) for electronic mail transmissionApply network programming to the Internet of Things (IoT)Who this book is for If you're a developer or a system administrator who wants to get started with network programming, this book is for you. Basic knowledge of C programming is assumed.
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 1789344085
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 467
Book Description
A comprehensive guide to programming with network sockets, implementing internet protocols, designing IoT devices, and much more with C Key FeaturesApply your C and C++ programming skills to build powerful network applicationsGet to grips with a variety of network protocols that allow you to load web pages, send emails, and do much moreWrite portable network code for Windows, Linux, and macOSBook Description Network programming enables processes to communicate with each other over a computer network, but it is a complex task that requires programming with multiple libraries and protocols. With its support for third-party libraries and structured documentation, C is an ideal language to write network programs. Complete with step-by-step explanations of essential concepts and practical examples, this C network programming book begins with the fundamentals of Internet Protocol, TCP, and UDP. You'll explore client-server and peer-to-peer models for information sharing and connectivity with remote computers. The book will also cover HTTP and HTTPS for communicating between your browser and website, and delve into hostname resolution with DNS, which is crucial to the functioning of the modern web. As you advance, you'll gain insights into asynchronous socket programming and streams, and explore debugging and error handling. Finally, you'll study network monitoring and implement security best practices. By the end of this book, you'll have experience of working with client-server applications and be able to implement new network programs in C. The code in this book is compatible with the older C99 version as well as the latest C18 and C++17 standards. You'll work with robust, reliable, and secure code that is portable across operating systems, including Winsock sockets for Windows and POSIX sockets for Linux and macOS. What you will learnUncover cross-platform socket programming APIsImplement techniques for supporting IPv4 and IPv6Understand how TCP and UDP connections work over IPDiscover how hostname resolution and DNS workInterface with web APIs using HTTP and HTTPSExplore Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) for electronic mail transmissionApply network programming to the Internet of Things (IoT)Who this book is for If you're a developer or a system administrator who wants to get started with network programming, this book is for you. Basic knowledge of C programming is assumed.
C++ Network Programming, Volume 2
Author: Douglas Schmidt
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN: 0672334283
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 374
Book Description
Do you need to develop flexible software that can be customized quickly? Do you need to add the power and efficiency of frameworks to your software? The ADAPTIVE Communication Environment (ACE) is an open-source toolkit for building high-performance networked applications and next-generation middleware. ACE's power and flexibility arise from object-oriented frameworks, used to achieve the systematic reuse of networked application software. ACE frameworks handle common network programming tasks and can be customized using C++ language features to produce complete distributed applications. C++ Network Programming, Volume 2, focuses on ACE frameworks, providing thorough coverage of the concepts, patterns, and usage rules that form their structure. This book is a practical guide to designing object-oriented frameworks and shows developers how to apply frameworks to concurrent networked applications. C++ Networking, Volume 1, introduced ACE and the wrapper facades, which are basic network computing ingredients. Volume 2 explains how frameworks build on wrapper facades to provide higher-level communication services. Written by two experts in the ACE community, this book contains: An overview of ACE frameworks Design dimensions for networked services Descriptions of the key capabilities of the most important ACE frameworks Numerous C++ code examples that demonstrate how to use ACE frameworks C++ Network Programming, Volume 2, teaches how to use frameworks to write networked applications quickly, reducing development effort and overhead. It will be an invaluable asset to any C++ developer working on networked applications.
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN: 0672334283
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 374
Book Description
Do you need to develop flexible software that can be customized quickly? Do you need to add the power and efficiency of frameworks to your software? The ADAPTIVE Communication Environment (ACE) is an open-source toolkit for building high-performance networked applications and next-generation middleware. ACE's power and flexibility arise from object-oriented frameworks, used to achieve the systematic reuse of networked application software. ACE frameworks handle common network programming tasks and can be customized using C++ language features to produce complete distributed applications. C++ Network Programming, Volume 2, focuses on ACE frameworks, providing thorough coverage of the concepts, patterns, and usage rules that form their structure. This book is a practical guide to designing object-oriented frameworks and shows developers how to apply frameworks to concurrent networked applications. C++ Networking, Volume 1, introduced ACE and the wrapper facades, which are basic network computing ingredients. Volume 2 explains how frameworks build on wrapper facades to provide higher-level communication services. Written by two experts in the ACE community, this book contains: An overview of ACE frameworks Design dimensions for networked services Descriptions of the key capabilities of the most important ACE frameworks Numerous C++ code examples that demonstrate how to use ACE frameworks C++ Network Programming, Volume 2, teaches how to use frameworks to write networked applications quickly, reducing development effort and overhead. It will be an invaluable asset to any C++ developer working on networked applications.
UNIX Network Programming
Author: W. Richard Stevens
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN:
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 1056
Book Description
Software -- Operating Systems.
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN:
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 1056
Book Description
Software -- Operating Systems.
UNIX System V Network Programming
Author: Stephen A. Rago
Publisher: Pearson Education
ISBN: 0201563185
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 799
Book Description
"Steve Rago offers valuable insights into the kernel-level features of SVR4 not covered elsewhere; I think readers will especially appreciate the coverage of STREAMS, TLI, and SLIP." - W. Richard Stevens, author of UNIX Network Programming, Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment, TCP/IP Illustrated Volume 1, and TCP/IP Illustrated Volume 2 Finally, with UNIX(R) System V Network Programming, an authoritative reference is available for programmers and system architects interested in building networked and distributed applications for UNIX System V. Even if you currently use a different version of the UNIX system, such as the latest release of 4.3BSD or SunOS, this book is valuable to you because it is centered around UNIX System V Release 4, the version of the UNIX system that unified many of the divergent UNIX implementations. For those professionals new to networking and UNIX system programming, two introductory chapters are provided. The author then presents the programming interfaces most important to building communication software in System V, including STREAMS, the Transport Layer Interface library, Sockets, and Remote Procedure Calls. So that your designs are not limited to user-level, the author also explains how to write kernel-level communication software, including STREAMS drivers, modules, and multiplexors. Many examples are provided, including an Ethernet driver and a transport-level multiplexing driver. In the final chapter, the author brings the material from previous chapters together, presenting the design of a SLIP communication package. 0201563185B04062001
Publisher: Pearson Education
ISBN: 0201563185
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 799
Book Description
"Steve Rago offers valuable insights into the kernel-level features of SVR4 not covered elsewhere; I think readers will especially appreciate the coverage of STREAMS, TLI, and SLIP." - W. Richard Stevens, author of UNIX Network Programming, Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment, TCP/IP Illustrated Volume 1, and TCP/IP Illustrated Volume 2 Finally, with UNIX(R) System V Network Programming, an authoritative reference is available for programmers and system architects interested in building networked and distributed applications for UNIX System V. Even if you currently use a different version of the UNIX system, such as the latest release of 4.3BSD or SunOS, this book is valuable to you because it is centered around UNIX System V Release 4, the version of the UNIX system that unified many of the divergent UNIX implementations. For those professionals new to networking and UNIX system programming, two introductory chapters are provided. The author then presents the programming interfaces most important to building communication software in System V, including STREAMS, the Transport Layer Interface library, Sockets, and Remote Procedure Calls. So that your designs are not limited to user-level, the author also explains how to write kernel-level communication software, including STREAMS drivers, modules, and multiplexors. Many examples are provided, including an Ethernet driver and a transport-level multiplexing driver. In the final chapter, the author brings the material from previous chapters together, presenting the design of a SLIP communication package. 0201563185B04062001
IPv6 Network Programming
Author: Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080478794
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 375
Book Description
This book contains everything you need to make your application program support IPv6. IPv6 socket APIs (RFC2553) are fully described with real-world examples. It covers security, a great concern these days. To secure the Internet infrastructure, every developer has to take a security stance - to audit every line of code, to use proper API and write correct and secure code as much as possible. To achieve this goal, the examples presented in this book are implemented with a security stance. Also, the book leads you to write secure programs. For instance, the book recommends against the use of some of the IPv6 standard APIs - unfortunately, there are some IPv6 APIs that are inherently insecure, so the book tries to avoid (and discourage) the use of such APIs. Another key issue is portability. The examples in the book should be applicable to any of UNIX based operating systems, MacOS X, and Windows XP.* Covers the new protocol just adopted by the Dept of Defense for future systems* Deals with security concerns, including spam and email, by presenting the best programming standards * Fully describes IPv6 socket APIs (RFC2553) using real-world examples * Allows for portability to UNIX-based operating systems, MacOS X, and Windows XP
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080478794
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 375
Book Description
This book contains everything you need to make your application program support IPv6. IPv6 socket APIs (RFC2553) are fully described with real-world examples. It covers security, a great concern these days. To secure the Internet infrastructure, every developer has to take a security stance - to audit every line of code, to use proper API and write correct and secure code as much as possible. To achieve this goal, the examples presented in this book are implemented with a security stance. Also, the book leads you to write secure programs. For instance, the book recommends against the use of some of the IPv6 standard APIs - unfortunately, there are some IPv6 APIs that are inherently insecure, so the book tries to avoid (and discourage) the use of such APIs. Another key issue is portability. The examples in the book should be applicable to any of UNIX based operating systems, MacOS X, and Windows XP.* Covers the new protocol just adopted by the Dept of Defense for future systems* Deals with security concerns, including spam and email, by presenting the best programming standards * Fully describes IPv6 socket APIs (RFC2553) using real-world examples * Allows for portability to UNIX-based operating systems, MacOS X, and Windows XP
Network Programming in C
Author: Barry Nance
Publisher: Que Pub
ISBN: 9780880225694
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 648
Book Description
An advanced, code-intensive guide to programming design for local area networking. Includes ready-to-use applications with source codes and customizing tips.
Publisher: Que Pub
ISBN: 9780880225694
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 648
Book Description
An advanced, code-intensive guide to programming design for local area networking. Includes ready-to-use applications with source codes and customizing tips.
Network Programming with Perl
Author: Lincoln D. Stein
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN: 9780201615715
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 798
Book Description
A text focusing on the methods and alternatives for designed TCP/IP-based client/server systems and advanced techniques for specialized applications with Perl. A guide examining a collection of the best third party modules in the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network. Topics covered: Perl function libraries and techniques that allow programs to interact with resources over a network. IO: Socket library ; Net: FTP library -- Telnet library -- SMTP library ; Chat problems ; Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) issues ; Markup-language parsing ; Internet Protocol (IP) broadcasting and multicasting.
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN: 9780201615715
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 798
Book Description
A text focusing on the methods and alternatives for designed TCP/IP-based client/server systems and advanced techniques for specialized applications with Perl. A guide examining a collection of the best third party modules in the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network. Topics covered: Perl function libraries and techniques that allow programs to interact with resources over a network. IO: Socket library ; Net: FTP library -- Telnet library -- SMTP library ; Chat problems ; Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) issues ; Markup-language parsing ; Internet Protocol (IP) broadcasting and multicasting.
Network Programming with Go
Author: Adam Woodbeck
Publisher: No Starch Press
ISBN: 1718500890
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 392
Book Description
Network Programming with Go teaches you how to write clean, secure network software with the programming language designed to make it seem easy. Build simple, reliable, network software Combining the best parts of many other programming languages, Go is fast, scalable, and designed for high-performance networking and multiprocessing. In other words, it’s perfect for network programming. Network Programming with Go will help you leverage Go to write secure, readable, production-ready network code. In the early chapters, you’ll learn the basics of networking and traffic routing. Then you’ll put that knowledge to use as the book guides you through writing programs that communicate using TCP, UDP, and Unix sockets to ensure reliable data transmission. As you progress, you’ll explore higher-level network protocols like HTTP and HTTP/2 and build applications that securely interact with servers, clients, and APIs over a network using TLS. You'll also learn: Internet Protocol basics, such as the structure of IPv4 and IPv6, multicasting, DNS, and network address translation Methods of ensuring reliability in socket-level communications Ways to use handlers, middleware, and multiplexers to build capable HTTP applications with minimal code Tools for incorporating authentication and encryption into your applications using TLS Methods to serialize data for storage or transmission in Go-friendly formats like JSON, Gob, XML, and protocol buffers Ways of instrumenting your code to provide metrics about requests, errors, and more Approaches for setting up your application to run in the cloud (and reasons why you might want to) Network Programming with Go is all you’ll need to take advantage of Go’s built-in concurrency, rapid compiling, and rich standard library. Covers Go 1.15 (Backward compatible with Go 1.12 and higher)
Publisher: No Starch Press
ISBN: 1718500890
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 392
Book Description
Network Programming with Go teaches you how to write clean, secure network software with the programming language designed to make it seem easy. Build simple, reliable, network software Combining the best parts of many other programming languages, Go is fast, scalable, and designed for high-performance networking and multiprocessing. In other words, it’s perfect for network programming. Network Programming with Go will help you leverage Go to write secure, readable, production-ready network code. In the early chapters, you’ll learn the basics of networking and traffic routing. Then you’ll put that knowledge to use as the book guides you through writing programs that communicate using TCP, UDP, and Unix sockets to ensure reliable data transmission. As you progress, you’ll explore higher-level network protocols like HTTP and HTTP/2 and build applications that securely interact with servers, clients, and APIs over a network using TLS. You'll also learn: Internet Protocol basics, such as the structure of IPv4 and IPv6, multicasting, DNS, and network address translation Methods of ensuring reliability in socket-level communications Ways to use handlers, middleware, and multiplexers to build capable HTTP applications with minimal code Tools for incorporating authentication and encryption into your applications using TLS Methods to serialize data for storage or transmission in Go-friendly formats like JSON, Gob, XML, and protocol buffers Ways of instrumenting your code to provide metrics about requests, errors, and more Approaches for setting up your application to run in the cloud (and reasons why you might want to) Network Programming with Go is all you’ll need to take advantage of Go’s built-in concurrency, rapid compiling, and rich standard library. Covers Go 1.15 (Backward compatible with Go 1.12 and higher)
Hands-On Network Programming with C# and .NET Core
Author: Sean Burns
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 1789345839
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 473
Book Description
A comprehensive guide to understanding network architecture, communication protocols, and network analysis to build secure applications compatible with the latest versions of C# 8 and .NET Core 3.0 Key FeaturesExplore various network architectures that make distributed programming possibleLearn how to make reliable software by writing secure interactions between clients and serversUse .NET Core for network device automation, DevOps, and software-defined networkingBook Description The C# language and the .NET Core application framework provide the tools and patterns required to make the discipline of network programming as intuitive and enjoyable as any other aspect of C# programming. With the help of this book, you will discover how the C# language and the .NET Core framework make this possible. The book begins by introducing the core concepts of network programming, and what distinguishes this field of programming from other disciplines. After this, you will gain insights into concepts such as transport protocols, sockets and ports, and remote data streams, which will provide you with a holistic understanding of how network software fits into larger distributed systems. The book will also explore the intricacies of how network software is implemented in a more explicit context, by covering sockets, connection strategies such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP), asynchronous processing, and threads. You will then be able to work through code examples for TCP servers, web APIs served over HTTP, and a Secure Shell (SSH) client. By the end of this book, you will have a good understanding of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) network stack, the various communication protocols for that stack, and the skills that are essential to implement those protocols using the C# programming language and the .NET Core framework. What you will learnUnderstand the breadth of C#'s network programming utility classesUtilize network-layer architecture and organizational strategiesImplement various communication and transport protocols within C#Discover hands-on examples of distributed application developmentGain hands-on experience with asynchronous socket programming and streamsLearn how C# and the .NET Core runtime interact with a hosting networkUnderstand a full suite of network programming tools and featuresWho this book is for If you're a .NET developer or a system administrator with .NET experience and are looking to get started with network programming, then this book is for you. Basic knowledge of C# and .NET is assumed, in addition to a basic understanding of common web protocols and some high-level distributed system designs.
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 1789345839
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 473
Book Description
A comprehensive guide to understanding network architecture, communication protocols, and network analysis to build secure applications compatible with the latest versions of C# 8 and .NET Core 3.0 Key FeaturesExplore various network architectures that make distributed programming possibleLearn how to make reliable software by writing secure interactions between clients and serversUse .NET Core for network device automation, DevOps, and software-defined networkingBook Description The C# language and the .NET Core application framework provide the tools and patterns required to make the discipline of network programming as intuitive and enjoyable as any other aspect of C# programming. With the help of this book, you will discover how the C# language and the .NET Core framework make this possible. The book begins by introducing the core concepts of network programming, and what distinguishes this field of programming from other disciplines. After this, you will gain insights into concepts such as transport protocols, sockets and ports, and remote data streams, which will provide you with a holistic understanding of how network software fits into larger distributed systems. The book will also explore the intricacies of how network software is implemented in a more explicit context, by covering sockets, connection strategies such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP), asynchronous processing, and threads. You will then be able to work through code examples for TCP servers, web APIs served over HTTP, and a Secure Shell (SSH) client. By the end of this book, you will have a good understanding of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) network stack, the various communication protocols for that stack, and the skills that are essential to implement those protocols using the C# programming language and the .NET Core framework. What you will learnUnderstand the breadth of C#'s network programming utility classesUtilize network-layer architecture and organizational strategiesImplement various communication and transport protocols within C#Discover hands-on examples of distributed application developmentGain hands-on experience with asynchronous socket programming and streamsLearn how C# and the .NET Core runtime interact with a hosting networkUnderstand a full suite of network programming tools and featuresWho this book is for If you're a .NET developer or a system administrator with .NET experience and are looking to get started with network programming, then this book is for you. Basic knowledge of C# and .NET is assumed, in addition to a basic understanding of common web protocols and some high-level distributed system designs.