Burial diagenesis, Lower Cretaceous Pearsall and lower Glen Rose Formations, South Texas PDF Download

Author: Robert Eugene Woronick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diagenesis
Languages : en
Pages : 182

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Author: R. G. Loucks
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diagenesis
Languages : en
Pages : 724

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Author: S. P. Dutton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diagenesis
Languages : en
Pages : 76

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Petrographic and geochemical studies were used to determine the diagenetic and burial history of Travis Peak sandstones in East Texas and to relate the diagenesis to permeability variations within the formation. Permeability in much of the formation has been reduced to less than 0.1 md by compaction, cementation and minor pressure solution. Travis peak sandstone is quartzarenite and subarkose, having an average composition Q95F4R1. The first authigenic cements to precipitate were illite, which coated detrital grains with tangentially oriented crystals, and dolomite. Next, extensive quartz cement, averaging 17% of the rock volume in well-sorted sandstone, occluded much of the primary porosity. Quartz is most abundant in the lower Travis Peak, in well-connected sandstone beds that were deposited in braided streams. Dissolution of orthoclase and albitization of plagioclase followed quartz cementation and occurred prior to mid-Cretaceous movement of the Sabine Uplift. Illite, chlorite, and ankerite precipitated after feldspar diagenesis. Oil migrated into Travis Peak reservoirs in the Late Cretaceous from Jurassic source rocks. Later deasphalting of the oil filled much of the remaining porosity in some zones near the top of the formation with reservoir bitumen.

Author: Annell Russell Bay
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carbonate rocks
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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The Glen Rose Formation is a thick (300 to 900 m), carbonate unit that was deposited on a broad, shallow-marine shelf during the early Cretaceous. Three cyclic, shoal-water complexes of the lower Glen Rose Formation developed over the Pearsall Arch in Frio and Medina Counties of South Texas. These complexes, consisting of high-energy grainstone and coral-stromatoporoid-caprinid boundstone and packstone, trend east-west for at least 125 km and are located approximately 80 km inland of the Cretaceous shelf edge and 70 km seaward of the Cretaceous shoreline. Three major, depositional environments have been recognized within the lower Glen Rose of South Texas: open shelf, shoal-water complex, and protected lagoon. The facies and their respective depositional environments, from the base to the top of the upward-coarsening sequences are (1) sandy mudstone/wackestone, fossiliferous quartzarenite, mollusc-miliolid wackestone, and echinoid-mollusc wackestone deposited in an open-shelf environment; (2) echinoid-mollusc and oncolite-caprinid packstone deposited in intertidal shoals and subtidal grainflats; (3) coated-grain and echinoid-mollusc grainstone deposited in sandflats, tidal channels, spits, and bars; (4) coral-stromatoporoid-caprinid boundstone and packstone deposited as patch reefs and associated flanking debris. Toucasiid-oyster-miliolid wackestone, toucasiid boundstone, and burrowed and laminated mudstone deposited in shallow-water, protected lagoons and tidal mudflats interfinger with upward-coarsening sequences on the landward side. The lagoonal deposits overlying the shoal-water sequence indicate the seaward progradation of the complex. Eventually each complex was transgressed by open-shelf facies and the cycle began again. The patch reefs and associated biostromes may have prograded out across the shelf and formed the initial build-up of the Stuart City shelf margin. A petrographic study of grainstone diagenesis indicates there are four gradational phases of diagenesis: (1) early submarine, (2) early mixing-zone and meteoric, (3) late meteoric-to-early subsurface, and (4) late subsurface. Early cementation in the marine environment is evidenced by micrite envelopes and isopachous crusts around some allochems. Subaerial exposure of bars and spits allowed early invasion of meteoric and mixing-zone water as indicated by aragonite dissolution or neomorphism to calcite; precipitation of finely crystalline, equant, isopachous cement; syntaxial cement; and medium crystalline, nonferroan, equant, calcite cement. During early burial of the rocks coarser crystals of nonferroan, equant calcite precipitated, indicating continual flushing with meteoric water. Later burial of rocks to the subsurface lead to the growth of zoned ferroan and nonferroan calcite, replacement of mollusc shells by lutecite and megaquartz, precipitation of euhedral quartz overgrowths, anhydrite precipitation and replacement, precipitation of baroque dolomite, and stylolitization. Petrography of the mud-supported facies indicates there is replacement of micrite by both limpid and inclusion-rich dolomite. The limpid dolomite is interpreted to form in a schizohaline environment whereas the inclusion-rich dolomite formed in both schizohaline and hypersaline environments.

Author: G.V. Chilingarian
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080869572
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 279

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Diagenesis is a highly developed, interdisciplinary field of study. It is reciprocal in that it borrows from numerous scientific or technological specialities and then, in turn, repays them with useful results. Too often, however, the information gained and concepts developed remain unintegrated instead of being utilized quickly by several related earth-science fraternities. This volume, the second of a multi-volume work, attempts to bring together such information, thereby assisting the individual and the research group in keeping up with the data explosion. There is no end in sight to diagenetic research because of its wide practical and intellectual appeals. Consequently, periodic reviews, such as presented in this volume, are greatly needed.

Author: C.H. Moore
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080869602
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 351

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Carbonate diagenesis is a subject of enormous complexity because of the basic chemical reactivity of carbonate minerals. These carbonate minerals react quickly with natural waters that either dissolve the carbonates, or precipitate new carbonates to bring the water into equilibrium with the host carbonate sediments and rocks. These rock-water interactions either create porosity by dissolution, or destroy porosity by the precipitation of carbonate cements into pore spaces. Carbonate Diagenesis and Porosity examines these important relationships in detail. This volume is published in co-operation with OGCI, and is based on training courses organised by OGCI and taught by Dr. Moore. It is intended to give the working geologist and university graduate student a reasonable overview of carbonate diagenesis and its influence on the evolution of carbonate porosity. It starts with a discussion of the major differences between carbonates and siliciclastics so that the novice will have an appreciation of the basic nature of the carbonate system. Carbonate porosity, its nature and its classification is then discussed so that the relationship between diagenesis and porosity can be established. Environments of diagenesis and their characteristics are outlined, stressing the nature of pore fluids found in each environment. Tools for the recognition of these environments are then discussed with stress on the constraints suffered by each technique. Each major diagenetic environment is then discussed in detail with petrographic, geochemical characteristics outlined, and an in depth discussion of the impact of the environment's diagenetic processes on porosity development and evolution. Diagenetic models are developed where appropriate and criteria for recognition listed. Case histories illustrating these concepts and models are presented for each major diagenetic environment and sub-environment. Over 160 line drawings illustrate the book. Petrographic characteristics of porosity and diagenetic fabrics and textures are illustrated using numerous photomicrographs taken specifically for the book by the author. The book has been extensively indexed, and includes a large, current reference section. This book should be useful to any geologist interested in, or working with, carbonate sediments and rocks. It will be particularly useful to the industrial geologist concerned with the exploration or exploitation of hydrocarbons from carbonate rock sequences where an understanding of porosity development, evolution, and prediction are important. In addition, this book will be a good text for advanced carbonate courses at graduate level, and an appropriate reference book for graduate students working in, or interested in, carbonate rock sequences and sediments.

Author: A. Parker
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401101892
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 293

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Reservoirs generally consist of sandstones or carbonates exhibiting heterogeneities caused by a wide range of factors. Some of these formed depositionally (e.g. as channels, palaeosols, clay seams or salts), others may be diagenetic in origin (e.g. carbonate or silica cemented zones, authigenic clays, karstic surfaces). The severity with which diagenesis affects rock systems results from the interplay between the diagenetic process itself and the timescale over which it operated. The book provides a wide-ranging overview of diagenetic processes and responses in calcareous, argillaceous, arenaceous and carbon-rich (microbial and organic) sedimentary systems. It introduces diagenetic concepts, reviews existing knowledge, and shows how existing qualitative approaches might be developed in more quantitative ways. Several chapters consider mass balance calculations and the temporal and spatial aspects of diagenetic processes. It is unique, as a textbook, in providing such a breadth of diagenetic subject range and such depth of coverage in each topic. It provides a source reference for advanced students and professionals active in reservoir and aquifer studies.

Author: F.T. Mackenzie
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080525229
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 448

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This volume covers the formation and biogeochemistry of a variety of important sediment types from their initial formation through their conversion (diagenesis) to sedimentary rocks. The volume deals with the chemical, mineralogical, and isotopic properties of sediments and sedimentary rocks and their use in interpreting the environment of formation and subsequent events in the history of sediments, and the nature of the ocean-atmosphere system through geological time. Reprinted individual volume from the acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry, (10 Volume Set, ISBN 0-08-043751-6, published in 2003). Comprehensive and authoritative scope and focus Reviews from renowned scientists across a range of subjects, providing both overviews and new data, supplemented by extensive bibliographies Extensive illustrations and examples from the field

Author: Gerald Steven Adams
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Oil well drilling
Languages : en
Pages : 400

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Abstract.

Author: K. L. Milliken
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diagenesis
Languages : en
Pages : 262

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Plio-Pleistocene sediments and rocks beneath the Louisiana and adjacent Texas shelves are the youngest of several thick packages of terrigenous sediment which prograded into the Gulf of Mexico during the Cenozoic. Comparison of diagenesis in these young sediments (more than 300 samples from 45 wells on the Louisiana-Texas shelf) to diagenesis of older Cenozoic rocks at similar burial depths elsewhere along the Gulf margin confirms that diagenesis is not strictly analogous among the various Cenozoic units. There has been an evolution of diagenesis during filling of the Gulf of Mexico. Differences in diagenesis cannot be attributed to differences in bulk mineralogy of the sands because PIio-Pleistocene sands are lithic arkoses and feldspathic litharenites with essentially the same QFR proportions as observed in subsurface Eocene and Oligocene sandstones along the Texas coast. Unaltered plagioclase is slightly more calcic (average An 24) than unaltered plagioclase in the older rocks. Burial diagenesis in Plio-Pleistocene sediments has involved essentially the same processes as observed in the older rocks, but overall, diagenesis has advanced to a lesser degree at any given depth. Cementation by quartz and carbonate, dissolution of potassium-feldspar and heavy minerals, albitization of plagioclase, and the transformation of smectite to illite have occurred in Plio-Pleistocene sediments, but cements and altered grains are not volumetrically significant shallower than 4 to 4.5 km. The temperature at which reaction of detrital constituents begins (approximately 90° C) is similar to that observed elsewhere in the Gulf, but the zone of reaction is spread over a greater depth range. The similar temperatures observed for the advent of detrital reactions across the Gulf basin suggest that these processes are more highly dependent upon temperature than upon time and that differences observed among the various units may be attributed, at least in part, to variations in the geothermal gradient. The degree of detrital grain alteration observed in these young sediments shows that significant loss of provenance information occurs quite early in the burial history. Alteration in the deep subsurface is very effective in modifying the primary detrital assemblage.