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Author: Carolyn J. Kitching Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1134675046 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 454
Book Description
In the aftermath of the Great War, multilateral disarmament was placed at the top of the international agenda by the Treaty of Versailles and the Covenant of the League of Nations. This book analyzes the naval, air and land disarmament policies of successive British governments from 1919 to 1934, articulating their dilemma either to fulfil their obligations or to avoid them. Daring and controversial, the present study challenges the hitherto accepted view that Britain occupied the high moral ground by drastically reducing its armaments and argues that, during this period, British disarmament policy was reactive and generally failed to provide the leadership that this extremely sensitive time in international politics demanded.
Author: Carolyn J. Kitching Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1134675046 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 454
Book Description
In the aftermath of the Great War, multilateral disarmament was placed at the top of the international agenda by the Treaty of Versailles and the Covenant of the League of Nations. This book analyzes the naval, air and land disarmament policies of successive British governments from 1919 to 1934, articulating their dilemma either to fulfil their obligations or to avoid them. Daring and controversial, the present study challenges the hitherto accepted view that Britain occupied the high moral ground by drastically reducing its armaments and argues that, during this period, British disarmament policy was reactive and generally failed to provide the leadership that this extremely sensitive time in international politics demanded.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: 9780203265956 Category : Disarmament Languages : en Pages : 223
Book Description
This study analyzes the disarmament policy of successive British governments from 1919 to 1934, concluding that the policy-makers' strategy was to avoid their international obligations for as long as possible.
Author: C. Kitching Publisher: Springer ISBN: 0230503608 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 238
Book Description
In this fascinating study, Carolyn Kitching examines the role which Britain played at the Geneva Disarmament Conference, an event which marked a watershed in inter-war international relations. Failure to reach agreement in Geneva hastened the collapse of the Treaty of Versailles, and gave the green light for German re-armament. Britain was arguably the only Power capable of mediating between conflicting French and German demands over the Treaty's disarmament clauses, and this analysis reveals that the traditional interpretation of British policy at the conference needs to be drastically revised.
Author: Gerda Richards Crosby Publisher: Harvard University Press ISBN: 9780674211506 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 218
Book Description
Since the beginning of modern warfare, one of the favorite crusades of the international peacemakers has been toward disarmament. This book investigates the British origin of the disarmament idea--from World War I through the signing of the Treaty of Versailles. It traces the development of disarmament as a war aim, with special reference to the influence of British Liberal thought, and President Wilson's acceptance of disarmament as one of his Fourteen Points. Disarmament is related to the other Allied war aims and to theLiberal and Labor parties during the war period. Particular attention is paid to the influence of public opinion and the British press. Neither an attack on nor an apology for the fiasco which followed, this is a lucid analysis of the events, tensions, personalities, and self-interests which led to the failure of an ideal.
Author: John R. Walker Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317172388 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 337
Book Description
Since the use of poison gas during the First World War and the dropping of atomic bombs on Japan at the end of the Second World War, nuclear, biological or chemical (NBC) weapons have registered high on the fears of governments and individuals alike. Recognising both the particular horror of these weapons, and their potential for inflicting mass death and destruction, much effort has been expended in finding ways to eliminate such weapons on a multi-lateral level. Based on extensive official archives, this book looks at how successive British governments approached the subject of control and disarmament between 1956 and 1975. This period reflects the UK's landmark decision in 1956 to abandon its offensive chemical weapons programme (a decision that was reversed in 1963, but never fully implemented), and ends with the internal travails over the possible use of CR (tear gas) in Northern Ireland. Whilst the issue of nuclear arms control has been much debated, the integration of biological and chemical weapons into the wider disarmament picture is much less well understood, there being no clear statement by the UK authorities for much of the period under review in this book as to whether the country even possessed such weapons or had an active research and development programme. Through a thorough exploration of government records the book addresses fundamental questions relating to the history of NBC weapons programmes, including the military, economic and political pressures that influenced policy; the degree to which the UK was a reluctant or enthusiastic player on the international arms control stage; and the effect of international agreements on Britain's weapons programmes. In exploring these issues, the study provides the first attempt to assess UK NBC arms control policy and practice during the Cold War.
Author: Charles Quaker-Dokubo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 205
Book Description
The issue of disarmament is the problem of the effective management of power within international society. Force cannot be removed as a factor in international relations, but it can be controlled. And a disarmament convention - an agreement to limit and perhaps reduce national armaments - can serve this control by stabilising the configuration of world power. The obstacles to the negotiation of a disarmament agreement are political rather than technical, and at the World Disarmament Conference of 1932-4, the main issue was the reconciliation of French and German claims. Germany, disarmed by the Peace Treaty of 1919 demanded "equality of rights" with other nations, while France demanded additional security guarantees before she could agree to limit her arms. The reconciliation of French and German claims was in Britain's interests because her security depended, in part at least, on a stable and peaceful continent. Yet the British Government followed a policy that was not conducive to a reconciliation. British Ministers refused to offer France security guarantees to compensate for the inevitable increase in German power accompanying a grant of equality of rights and this refusal was the major factor leading to the breakdown of the Disarmament Conference in 1934. The main reason for the refusal was that British Ministers subscribed to the putative existence of an international 'harmony of interests'. They assumed that each state had a common interest in peace and that this common interest was compatible with the pursuit of national interest, and they therefore hoped that international problems could be settled without recourse to force or threat of force. This is a delusion. 'Harmony of interest' was a very self-serving doctrine. It permitted Britain to exert a large measure of influence on the continent with very few commitments and at little cost, allowing the Government to concentrate on defending Britain's more immediate interest - the security of the Empire and the protection of her trade routes. The various disarmament schemes put forward by the Government at Geneva were based almost solely on Britain's immediate interests and made little attempt at trying to reconcile the interests of France and Germany - the main problem facing the Disarmament Conference.
Author: Carolyn J. Kitching Publisher: ISBN: 9781349428571 Category : Languages : en Pages : 240
Book Description
Britain's role at the Geneva Disarmament Conference has traditionally been seen as that of 'Honest Broker', mediating between the conflicting demands of Germany, who sought release from the disarmament restrictions of the Treaty of Versailles, and France who feared a resurgent Germany. Britain maintained that she had already disarmed to the lowest level compatible with her own perceived security needs, and therefore given the lead to other powers to follow her example. This analysis will show that the traditional interpretation of British policy at the Conference needs to be drastically revised. Whilst publicly paying lip-service to international disarmament, the British Government privately followed policies designed to improve Britain's position relative to other major powers, seeking to increase, rather than decrease, the level of her armaments. Thus, Britain must bear a far larger share of responsibility for the failure of the Conference than has hitherto been assumed.
Author: Carolyn J. Kitching
Author: Carolyn J. Kitching
Author: 
Author: Carolyn Kitching
Author: Carolyn Judith Kitching
Author: C. Kitching
Author: Gerda Richards Crosby
Author: Arthur Bullard
Author: John R. Walker
Author: Charles Quaker-Dokubo
Author: Carolyn J. Kitching