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Bridging Local Constraints and Global Priorities

Bridging Local Constraints and Global Priorities PDF Author: Nancy Brett
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 9180756506
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 102

Book Description
Biogas offers a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, promoting circularity and local economic growth. It is, therefore, increasingly prioritised by decision-makers within Sweden and the EU. Despite its advantages, the Swedish market is perceived as underachieving in terms of scale and penetration. Biogas, a socio-technical system, has necessitated state and regional support for its establishment and expansion, given its competition with entrenched fossil fuels and its inherent material limitations. This thesis primarily seeks to explore how the interplay of political, societal, and market perspectives has influenced the biogas market. The research zeroes in on the Swedish biogas market, with a special focus on the impact of geographical regions on market shaping. Using in part a longitudinal case study revealed that historically, successful regions have relied heavily on translations of missions and visions for developing the biogas markets. These translations were found to build heavily on local concerns and local resources. The consequence of this meant that the global context of the climate problem was not always the focus of policy and strategies. The significance of local interpretation was further unveiled as a component of value creation, where value is closely tied to the material and social conditions of local geographies. Value creation for intricate systems like biogas, which are multifunctional and span various social domains, indicates that biogas and biofertilisers are entities that are both naturally and socially constructed, underlining the impossibility of separating the natural from the social. The socio-material properties were important for biogas market shaping, as shown by tracing both biogas and biofertilisers. The connections between methane and fossil gas were found to be positive and negative for the biogas market. The reliance on fossil gas has created conditions that allow the biogas market to expand. However, the narrative of fossil gas as a bridge has, at times, led to doubts about biogas, and there is a risk that instead of biogas greening fossil gas, fossil gas has a ‘browning’ effect on the biogas market. For biofertiliser, the socio-material was found to be in a phase of change. It was found that the biogas market has been built for the energy market, but increasingly, it is important to consider the role of biofertiliser in this market. What was previously considered to be a by-product and a problem for the producers, is increasingly seen as an asset. Similar to the findings of the connection between fossil gas and biomethane, this is a change in social framings more than a change in the material. The movement from waste to by-product to an asset can be an important view both empirically and theoretically to foreground that for an object to be understood as valuable or sustainable, work is needed. This highlighted that markets do not simply appear, and objects are not inherently valuable or sustainable. It is instead an interplay between the social, material, and technical, which (re)shapes products and their markets. Lastly, this thesis, through the lens of marketisation, traced the concerns of the bio-gas market. It found that the biogas market is still evolving often referred to as a hot market. The boundaries of the market, including what is considered an externality, are still being defined. While this doesn’t fully account for the slow growth, it does enable stakeholders to use this understanding to influence the market’s development. As the biogas market changes, along with other factors such as the role of fossil gas, the impact of material changes with liquified biogas, and the growth of the concentrated biofertiliser market, it’s evident that the narratives will shift. This thesis adds to the empirical literature on renewable energy by emphasising that regions that depend on creating value for their citizens by promoting a local narrative will need to adapt to reflect the new material realities. This will influence both how valuation processes are conducted and the use of missions and visions by both the public and private sectors. Biogas är ett hållbart alternativ till fossila bränslen och kan dessutom främja cirkularitet och lokal ekonomisk tillväxt. Därför har biogasen alltmer prioriterats av beslutsfattare i Sverige och EU. I Sverige anses dock biogasmarknaden vara underpresterande när det gäller storlek och räckvidd. Biogas är ett sociotekniskt system som har krävt omfattande stöd från stat och lokala regioner för att etableras på grund av konkurrensen från fossila bränslen men också till följd av dess materiella restriktioner. Det primära syftet med denna avhandling är att undersöka hur samspelet mellan olika politiska, samhälleliga och marknadsmässiga inramningar har format biogasmarknaden. Studien fokuserar på biogasmarknaden i Sverige, med särskild tonvikt på olika geografiska regioners roll. En longitudinell fallstudie har gjort det möjligt att observera vilken central roll tolkningar av uppdrag och visioner har spelat för att motivera lokala aktörer att framgångsrikt utveckla biogasmarknaderna i utvalda regioner. Lokala policy-tolkningar visade sig i hög grad bygga på lokala problem och resurser som finns tillhands. Detta innebar också att klimatproblemen i en global kontext inte alltid var i fokus. Den lokala policytolkningen visade sig vidare vara en del av värdeskapandet, där värdet kopplades nära den regionala materiella och sociala kontexten. Dessa värdeskapandeprocesser visade också tydligt att biogas och biogödsel är objekt som är både naturligt och socialt konstruerade. Analysen visade den bristande förmågan att skilja på det naturliga och det sociala i komplexa system som spänner över flera sociala sfärer. De socio-materiella egenskaperna hos biometan och biogödsel är viktiga för utformningen av biogasmarknaden. Ett tydligt exempel är den nära relationen mellan biometan och fossilgas som har visat sig ha både för- och nackdelar för biogasmarknadens utveckling. En fördel är att biometan genom att använda fossilgasinfrastruktur lätt kan expandera. Narrativet om fossilgas som en brygga till fossila-fria samhället kan ses som en nackdel eftersom det har lett till tvivel om biogasens roll. Det finns en uppenbar risk för att biogasen genom fossilgaskopplingen bara anses göra fossilgas mer accepterad. Att biogödselns ställning på biogasmarknaden håller på att förändras påverkar också biogasproduktionens förutsättningar. Det som tidigare betraktades som en biprodukt till produktionen av förnybar energi och ett problem för producenterna kan numera användas som en tillgång. I likhet med effekterna av samspelet mellan fossil gas och biometan rör detta sig om en förändring av de sociala ramarna snarare än en materiell förändring. Att detta förändrade synsätt varit av central betydelse är en observation som är viktig både ur en empirisk och teoretisk synvinkel. Det visar att det går att förändra uppfattningen om ett objekt. Om objektet ska förstås som värdefullt eller hållbart krävs emellertid omfattande insatser. Det rör sig om ett samspel mellan de sociala, materiella och tekniska aspekter som (om)formar produkter och marknader. Slutligen, användningen av begreppet ”marketisation” bidrog till att synliggöra biogasmarknadens problem. Analysen visar att biogasmarknaden fortfarande utvecklas och är vad som, brukar kallas en ”het marknad. Gränserna för marknaden, inklusive vad som betraktas som externa effekter, håller fortfarande på att definieras. Även om detta inte helt förklarar den långsamma tillväxten, gör det möjligt för intressenter att använda denna kunskap för att påverka utformningen av marknaden. När biogasmarknaden förändras, tillsammans med andra faktorer såsom rollen för fossilgas, effekten av materiella förändringar med flytande biogas, och expansionen av den koncentrerade biogödselmarknaden, är det tydligt att narrativen kommer att behöva förändras. Avhandlingen bidrar till den empiriska litteraturen om förnybar energi genom att visa hur regioner genom lokalt förankrade narrativ motiverat hur biogas-satsningarna, skapat värde för medborgarna. Dessa narrativ kommer att behöva anpassas för att återspegla de nya materiella verkligheterna.

Bridging Local Constraints and Global Priorities

Bridging Local Constraints and Global Priorities PDF Author: Nancy Brett
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 9180756506
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 102

Book Description
Biogas offers a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, promoting circularity and local economic growth. It is, therefore, increasingly prioritised by decision-makers within Sweden and the EU. Despite its advantages, the Swedish market is perceived as underachieving in terms of scale and penetration. Biogas, a socio-technical system, has necessitated state and regional support for its establishment and expansion, given its competition with entrenched fossil fuels and its inherent material limitations. This thesis primarily seeks to explore how the interplay of political, societal, and market perspectives has influenced the biogas market. The research zeroes in on the Swedish biogas market, with a special focus on the impact of geographical regions on market shaping. Using in part a longitudinal case study revealed that historically, successful regions have relied heavily on translations of missions and visions for developing the biogas markets. These translations were found to build heavily on local concerns and local resources. The consequence of this meant that the global context of the climate problem was not always the focus of policy and strategies. The significance of local interpretation was further unveiled as a component of value creation, where value is closely tied to the material and social conditions of local geographies. Value creation for intricate systems like biogas, which are multifunctional and span various social domains, indicates that biogas and biofertilisers are entities that are both naturally and socially constructed, underlining the impossibility of separating the natural from the social. The socio-material properties were important for biogas market shaping, as shown by tracing both biogas and biofertilisers. The connections between methane and fossil gas were found to be positive and negative for the biogas market. The reliance on fossil gas has created conditions that allow the biogas market to expand. However, the narrative of fossil gas as a bridge has, at times, led to doubts about biogas, and there is a risk that instead of biogas greening fossil gas, fossil gas has a ‘browning’ effect on the biogas market. For biofertiliser, the socio-material was found to be in a phase of change. It was found that the biogas market has been built for the energy market, but increasingly, it is important to consider the role of biofertiliser in this market. What was previously considered to be a by-product and a problem for the producers, is increasingly seen as an asset. Similar to the findings of the connection between fossil gas and biomethane, this is a change in social framings more than a change in the material. The movement from waste to by-product to an asset can be an important view both empirically and theoretically to foreground that for an object to be understood as valuable or sustainable, work is needed. This highlighted that markets do not simply appear, and objects are not inherently valuable or sustainable. It is instead an interplay between the social, material, and technical, which (re)shapes products and their markets. Lastly, this thesis, through the lens of marketisation, traced the concerns of the bio-gas market. It found that the biogas market is still evolving often referred to as a hot market. The boundaries of the market, including what is considered an externality, are still being defined. While this doesn’t fully account for the slow growth, it does enable stakeholders to use this understanding to influence the market’s development. As the biogas market changes, along with other factors such as the role of fossil gas, the impact of material changes with liquified biogas, and the growth of the concentrated biofertiliser market, it’s evident that the narratives will shift. This thesis adds to the empirical literature on renewable energy by emphasising that regions that depend on creating value for their citizens by promoting a local narrative will need to adapt to reflect the new material realities. This will influence both how valuation processes are conducted and the use of missions and visions by both the public and private sectors. Biogas är ett hållbart alternativ till fossila bränslen och kan dessutom främja cirkularitet och lokal ekonomisk tillväxt. Därför har biogasen alltmer prioriterats av beslutsfattare i Sverige och EU. I Sverige anses dock biogasmarknaden vara underpresterande när det gäller storlek och räckvidd. Biogas är ett sociotekniskt system som har krävt omfattande stöd från stat och lokala regioner för att etableras på grund av konkurrensen från fossila bränslen men också till följd av dess materiella restriktioner. Det primära syftet med denna avhandling är att undersöka hur samspelet mellan olika politiska, samhälleliga och marknadsmässiga inramningar har format biogasmarknaden. Studien fokuserar på biogasmarknaden i Sverige, med särskild tonvikt på olika geografiska regioners roll. En longitudinell fallstudie har gjort det möjligt att observera vilken central roll tolkningar av uppdrag och visioner har spelat för att motivera lokala aktörer att framgångsrikt utveckla biogasmarknaderna i utvalda regioner. Lokala policy-tolkningar visade sig i hög grad bygga på lokala problem och resurser som finns tillhands. Detta innebar också att klimatproblemen i en global kontext inte alltid var i fokus. Den lokala policytolkningen visade sig vidare vara en del av värdeskapandet, där värdet kopplades nära den regionala materiella och sociala kontexten. Dessa värdeskapandeprocesser visade också tydligt att biogas och biogödsel är objekt som är både naturligt och socialt konstruerade. Analysen visade den bristande förmågan att skilja på det naturliga och det sociala i komplexa system som spänner över flera sociala sfärer. De socio-materiella egenskaperna hos biometan och biogödsel är viktiga för utformningen av biogasmarknaden. Ett tydligt exempel är den nära relationen mellan biometan och fossilgas som har visat sig ha både för- och nackdelar för biogasmarknadens utveckling. En fördel är att biometan genom att använda fossilgasinfrastruktur lätt kan expandera. Narrativet om fossilgas som en brygga till fossila-fria samhället kan ses som en nackdel eftersom det har lett till tvivel om biogasens roll. Det finns en uppenbar risk för att biogasen genom fossilgaskopplingen bara anses göra fossilgas mer accepterad. Att biogödselns ställning på biogasmarknaden håller på att förändras påverkar också biogasproduktionens förutsättningar. Det som tidigare betraktades som en biprodukt till produktionen av förnybar energi och ett problem för producenterna kan numera användas som en tillgång. I likhet med effekterna av samspelet mellan fossil gas och biometan rör detta sig om en förändring av de sociala ramarna snarare än en materiell förändring. Att detta förändrade synsätt varit av central betydelse är en observation som är viktig både ur en empirisk och teoretisk synvinkel. Det visar att det går att förändra uppfattningen om ett objekt. Om objektet ska förstås som värdefullt eller hållbart krävs emellertid omfattande insatser. Det rör sig om ett samspel mellan de sociala, materiella och tekniska aspekter som (om)formar produkter och marknader. Slutligen, användningen av begreppet ”marketisation” bidrog till att synliggöra biogasmarknadens problem. Analysen visar att biogasmarknaden fortfarande utvecklas och är vad som, brukar kallas en ”het marknad. Gränserna för marknaden, inklusive vad som betraktas som externa effekter, håller fortfarande på att definieras. Även om detta inte helt förklarar den långsamma tillväxten, gör det möjligt för intressenter att använda denna kunskap för att påverka utformningen av marknaden. När biogasmarknaden förändras, tillsammans med andra faktorer såsom rollen för fossilgas, effekten av materiella förändringar med flytande biogas, och expansionen av den koncentrerade biogödselmarknaden, är det tydligt att narrativen kommer att behöva förändras. Avhandlingen bidrar till den empiriska litteraturen om förnybar energi genom att visa hur regioner genom lokalt förankrade narrativ motiverat hur biogas-satsningarna, skapat värde för medborgarna. Dessa narrativ kommer att behöva anpassas för att återspegla de nya materiella verkligheterna.

Bridging Local Constraints and Global Priorities

Bridging Local Constraints and Global Priorities PDF Author: Nancy Brett
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789180756495
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

Book Description


The Economics of Social Innovation

The Economics of Social Innovation PDF Author: Judith Terstriep
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1000607887
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 209

Book Description
This book addresses ‘the economics of social innovation’, a widely neglected topic in regional development. The chapters in this edited volume cover distinct but complementary and related aspects concerning the existing gap between the hitherto unexploited potential of social innovation in relation to socio-economic challenges that regions across Europe and globally face. Research on social innovation has gained momentum over the last decade, spurred notably by the growing interest in social issues related to policy making, public management and entrepreneurship in response to the grand challenges societies in Europe and worldwide face. Accelerated by the normative turn in research and innovation policies towards ‘missions’, social innovation is nowadays a central element on policy agendas, from the urban and regional level to the national and subnational level of the European Commission and the OECD. However, for social innovations to unfold their full potential a better understanding of underlying mechanisms, processes and impacts is necessary. The first three chapters focus on framework conditions and characteristics of social innovation. The following two chapters emphasise the determinants of social innovation and translocal empowerment. In the last part, attention is devoted to social innovation in specific fields such as health care and greening society, and social innovations’ transformative potential. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the journal, European Planning Studies.

Authoritarian Journalism

Authoritarian Journalism PDF Author: Ruth Moon
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0197623417
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 225

Book Description
"What happens to journalism when its credibility has been decimated and journalists no longer believe in themselves? Can the journalism field reinvigorate itself from within or with assistance from global journalism culture? This book examines journalism practice in Rwanda to draw conclusions applicable to journalism fields everywhere. Drawing on seven months of fieldwork, Ruth Moon argues that this field of journalism is weak in part because of powerful but murky political boundaries but also because journalists themselves do not trust their profession. Compounding these forces are a powerful field orientation that emphasizes cooperation and positive development as news values and economic pressures that reward these values and render precarious any other behavior. Moreover, while global professional influences might provide an animating force, they in fact serve to reinforce the limitations of the local field - highlighting the limitations of globalization to effect change"--

Liberal Peacebuilding and Global Governance

Liberal Peacebuilding and Global Governance PDF Author: David Roberts
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1136789685
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 161

Book Description
This book examines the limits to cosmopolitan liberal peacebuilding caused by its preoccupation with the values and assumptions of neoliberal global governance. The peace people experience is determined by the processes privileged in peacebuilding. This book is about four things that shape the processes involved. First, it is a critique of orthodox postconflict peacebuilding. It takes the position that the present approach, although seemingly hegemonic, is routinely ignored or manipulated by elites and society and converted into a miasma that to some degree wastes the energies and opportunities involved. Second, it is about alternatives which invoke the kind of peace people might seek in postconflict places if they had more control over the process of peacebuilding, a notion referred to here as ‘popular peace’. It is thus not the kind of critical work that some describe as ‘reflexive anti-liberalism’. Rather, it seeks alternatives that are grounded in the lives of people in postconflict spaces and which also reflect some of the essential values of Liberalism. Third, it is about the role of both informal and formal actors, institutions and practices in the creation of such a peace. For instance, it is concerned with the legitimacy of informal practices that lie beyond Liberal tolerance and which are vital in the pursuit of everyday peace. Fourth, it is about a ‘transversal’ (rather than vertical or hierarchical) relationship of global and local governance in securing a peace that reflects the needs and values of both. In short, this work is a response to the substantial inconsistencies that appear between peacebuilding rhetoric and everyday outcomes in postconflict places. This book will be of much interest to students of peacebuilding, post-conflict statebuilding, conflict studies, global governance and International Relations in general.

A Bridge Between Control Science and Technology

A Bridge Between Control Science and Technology PDF Author: International Federation of Automatic Control. World Congress
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automatic control
Languages : en
Pages : 724

Book Description


Biodiversity and Human Health

Biodiversity and Human Health PDF Author: Francesca Grifo
Publisher: Island Press
ISBN: 9781559635004
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 0

Book Description
The implications of biodiversity loss for the global environment have been widely discussed, but only recently has attention been paid to its direct and serious effects on human health. Biodiversity loss affects the spread of human diseases, causes a loss of medical models, diminishes the supplies of raw materials for drug discovery and biotechnology, and threatens food production and water quality. Biodiversity and Human Health brings together leading thinkers on the global environment and biomedicine to explore the human health consequences of the loss of biological diversity. Based on a two-day conference sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, and the Smithsonian Institution, the book opens a dialogue among experts from the fields of public health, biology, epidemiology, botany, ecology, demography, and pharmacology on this vital but often neglected concern. Contributors discuss the uses and significance of biodiversity to the practice of medicine today, and develop strategies for conservation of these critical resources. Topics examined include: the causes and consequences of biodiversity loss emerging infectious diseases and the loss of biodiversity the significance and use of both prescription and herbal biodiversity-derived remedies indigenous and local peoples and their health care systems sustainable use of biodiversity for medicine an agenda for the future In addition to the editors, contributors include Anthony Artuso, Byron Bailey, Jensa Bell, Bhaswati Bhattacharya, Michael Boyd, Mary S. Campbell, Eric Chivian, Paul Cox, Gordon Cragg, Andrew Dobson, Kate Duffy-Mazan, Robert Engelman, Paul Epstein, Alexandra S. Fairfield, John Grupenhoff, Daniel Janzen, Catherine A. Laughin, Katy Moran, Robert McCaleb, Thomas Mays, David Newman, Charles Peters, Walter Reid, and John Vandermeer. The book provides a common framework for physicians and biomedical researchers who wish to learn more about environmental concerns, and for members of the environmental community who desire a greater understanding of biomedical issues.

Bridge Management

Bridge Management PDF Author: Bojidar Yanev
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 680

Book Description
A comprehensive, up-to-the-minute account of bridge management developments for researchers, designers, builders, administrators, and owners Bridge Management draws on Bojidar Yanev's thirty years of research, teaching, and consulting as well as his management of 800 of New York City's 2,200 bridges. It offers an insider's view of the problems to be resolved in bridge management by civil and transportation engineers, budget and asset managers, abstract analysts, and hands-on field workers. The personal search of the author for solutions is juxtaposed with an overview of the dynamic interactions between bridge builders and the social and physical forces shaping the transportation infrastructure over the centuries. Bridge Management uniquely integrates the priorities, constraints, objectives, and tastes governing the domains of structural mechanics, economics, public administration, and field operations at both the project and network levels. It features: A review of current bridge management vulnerabilities, objectives, tools, and products Dozens of case studies illustrating the application of analytic models, and practical developments currently shaping the field Unique chapters exploring the evolution of bridge design, construction, and maintenance, from the origins of deliberate planning to the current integrated lifecycle asset management models

Border Politics

Border Politics PDF Author: Nancy A. Naples
Publisher: NYU Press
ISBN: 147985817X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 418

Book Description
In the current historical moment borders have taken on heightened material and symbolic significance, shaping identities and the social and political landscape. “Borders”—defined broadly to include territorial dividing lines as well as sociocultural boundaries—have become increasingly salient sites of struggle over social belonging and cultural and material resources. How do contemporary activists navigate and challenge these borders? What meanings do they ascribe to different social, cultural and political boundaries, and how do these meanings shape the strategies in which they engage? Moreover, how do these social movements confront internal borders based on the differences that emerge within social change initiatives? Border Politics, edited by Nancy A. Naples and Jennifer Bickham Mendez, explores these important questions through eleven carefully selected case studies situated in geographic contexts around the globe. By conceptualizing struggles over identity, social belonging and exclusion as extensions of border politics, the authors capture the complex ways in which geographic, cultural, and symbolic dividing lines are blurred and transcended, but also fortified and redrawn. This volume notably places right-wing and social justice initiatives in the same analytical frame to identify patterns that span the political spectrum. Border Politics offers a lens through which to understand borders as sites of diverse struggles, as well as the strategies and practices used by diverse social movements in today’s globally interconnected world. Contributors: Phillip Ayoub, Renata Blumberg, Yvonne Braun, Moon Charania, Michael Dreiling, Jennifer Johnson, Jesse Klein, Andrej Kurnik, Sarah Maddison, Duncan McDuie-Ra, Jennifer Bickham Mendez, Nancy A. Naples, David Paternotte, Maple Razsa, Raphi Rechitsky, Kyle Rogers, Deana Rohlinger, Cristina Sanidad, Meera Sehgal, Tara Stamm, Michelle Téllez

A Bridge Between Control Science and Technology: Manufacturing, man-machine systems, computers, components, traffic control, space applications

A Bridge Between Control Science and Technology: Manufacturing, man-machine systems, computers, components, traffic control, space applications PDF Author: International Federation of Automatic Control. World Congress
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automatic control
Languages : en
Pages : 724

Book Description