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Author: William Zebulun Rehrig Publisher: ISBN: 9781321363784 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
A major problem for the pepper (Capsicum annuum) industry is the root and crown rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici (Pc), to which all commercial varieties suffer yield losses despite good management practices and available landraces with high levels of resistance. Introgression of genetic resistance from pepper landraces to cultivated varieties would benefit the growers and environment through reduced pesticide applications and increased crop value. Genetic linkage maps and a physical genomic map were employed to identify resistance loci and candidate genes conferring resistance. Pepper recombinant inbred lines (RILs) have been systematically screened for Pc resistance against a set of isolates collected from Mexico, New Mexico, New Jersey, California, Michigan and Tennessee. Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) associated with effective resistance across isolates have been identified and validated with SNP markers across additional segregating populations. RNA-Seq data were also compared in resistant and susceptible bulks to evaluate differential expression leading to resistance. By leveraging transcriptomic and genomic information, we describe several candidate genes responsible for the major QTL on chromosome P5 for resistance to Pc. SNP markers for the resistant allele were validated to facilitate gene pyramiding schemes for recurrent selection in pepper.
Author: William Zebulun Rehrig Publisher: ISBN: 9781321363784 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
A major problem for the pepper (Capsicum annuum) industry is the root and crown rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici (Pc), to which all commercial varieties suffer yield losses despite good management practices and available landraces with high levels of resistance. Introgression of genetic resistance from pepper landraces to cultivated varieties would benefit the growers and environment through reduced pesticide applications and increased crop value. Genetic linkage maps and a physical genomic map were employed to identify resistance loci and candidate genes conferring resistance. Pepper recombinant inbred lines (RILs) have been systematically screened for Pc resistance against a set of isolates collected from Mexico, New Mexico, New Jersey, California, Michigan and Tennessee. Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) associated with effective resistance across isolates have been identified and validated with SNP markers across additional segregating populations. RNA-Seq data were also compared in resistant and susceptible bulks to evaluate differential expression leading to resistance. By leveraging transcriptomic and genomic information, we describe several candidate genes responsible for the major QTL on chromosome P5 for resistance to Pc. SNP markers for the resistant allele were validated to facilitate gene pyramiding schemes for recurrent selection in pepper.
Author: Jareerat Chunthawodtiporn Publisher: ISBN: 9781369615227 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) is a highly consumed vegetable in the U.S. However, it is also highly susceptible to many diseases. Phytophthora capsici is one of the major pathogens of bell pepper production. Introgression of sources of genetic resistance into commercial varieties is an effective approach for disease management. In this study, resistance loci for different isolates in a pepper recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, along with some desirable traits such as fruit size and unfavorable traits associated with the resistant parent, were identified. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis identified the major components of P. capsici resistance, as well as components of resistance that were isolate-specific. QTL for organ (fruit and leaf) size clustered into a few loci in the pepper genome. The linkage map and correlation study revealed relationships among the traits. Genetic and physical genomic maps were used to investigate the candidate genes for all traits. R-gene complexes were proposed to contain the candidate genes for the resistance at the major QTL, whereas three genes on chromosomes 1, 2 and 3 were suggested for organ size. Combining the phenotypic and genotypic data from all traits, a RIL was selected for the resistant parent and crossed to bell-type varieties to develop marketable bell pepper lines containing broad genetic resistance for P. capsici.
Author: Gregory Martin Vogel Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Phytophthora blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora capsici, is a devastating disease of various vegetable crops, including squash (Cucurbita pepo) and pepper (Capsicum annuum). Options for host resistance to Phytophthora blight vary dramatically between these two crops. In squash, no sources of complete resistance have been described, although variation for quantitative disease resistance exists in both commercial and unadapted germplasm. In pepper, on the other hand, landraces demonstrating complete or near-complete disease resistance have been identified and used in breeding. However, varieties with durable resistance to diverse pathogen isolates have not been developed. In order to contribute to genetic solutions for disease control in these two crops, genetic variation in squash associated with quantitative disease resistance as well as genetic variation in P. capsici associated with virulence on distinct pepper genotypes were characterized. In squash, two quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping approaches were used in a zucchini _ gray zucchini population, resulting in the discovery of six QTL, representing the first reported for Phytophthora blight resistance in C. pepo. In order to identify genetic variants in P. capsici associated with virulence on pepper, a collection of 252 pathogen isolates, predominantly from vegetable production regions of New York state, was genotyped at over 100,000 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci using genotyping-by-sequencing. The utility of this isolate collection as a genetic resource was demonstrated by the successful identification of SNPs associated with mating type and sensitivity to the fungicide mefenoxam via a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Inoculation of 117 genetically distinct isolates onto a panel of 16 pepper accessions revealed a significant effect of inter-species genotype-genotype interactions on disease outcomes. However, the only SNP associated with virulence in a GWAS demonstrated an effect that was consistent across pepper genotypes, suggesting that genes involved in host-specific virulence may be of smaller effect and more challenging to map. The results of these genetic experiments - conducted on both pathogen and host - are expected to inform efforts to breed vegetable crops with durable Phytophthora blight resistance.
Author: Michelle Renee Curtis Publisher: ISBN: 9781321608335 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Root rot disease, caused by Phytophthora capsici, is a major disease of pepper (Capsicum annuum), an important vegetable crop. P. capsici is widespread in the US and increasingly in other pepper production areas of the world. Breeding of resistant pepper varieties with acceptable horticultural attributes has been difficult due to the quantitative nature of resistance, negative traits in resistant donor lines, and the genetic diversity of the pathogen. The main goals of this study were to locate P. capsici resistance QTL that are effective against diverse P. capsici isolates and determine linkage relationships among QTL for horticultural traits and resistance QTL. An F6 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (n = 257), derived from an intraspecific Capsicum annuum F1 cross between P. capsici resistant Criollo de Morellos-334 and an elite dihaploid ancho breeding line, was evaluated in multiple disease screens using five different P. capsici isolates and in the field for horticultural traits (fruit length, fruit width, fruit shape, 10-fruit weight, and maturity). Twenty-five significant QTL (P
Author: Archana Singh Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811073716 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 367
Book Description
The book offers an integrated overview of plant–pathogen interactions. It discusses all the steps in the pathway, from the microbe–host-cell interface and the plant’s recognition of the microbe to the plant’s defense response and biochemical alterations to achieve tolerance / resistance. It also sheds light on the classes of pathogens (bacteria, fungus and viruses); effector molecules, such as PAMPs; receptor molecules like PRRs and NBS-LRR proteins; signaling components like MAPKs; regulatory molecules, such as phytohormones and miRNA; transcription factors, such as WRKY; defense-related proteins such as PR-proteins; and defensive metabolites like secondary metabolites. In addition, it examines the role of post-genomics, high-throughput technology (transcriptomics and proteomics) in studying pathogen outbreaks causing crop losses in a number of plants. Providing a comprehensive picture of plant-pathogen interaction, the updated information included in this book is valuable for all those involved in crop improvement.
Author: Markus Riederer Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 140517157X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 456
Book Description
Annual Plant Reviews, Volume 23 A much clearer picture is now emerging of the fine structure of the plant cuticle and its surface, the composition of cuticular waxes and the biosynthetic pathways leading to them. Studies assessing the impact of UV radiation on plant life have emphasized the role of the cuticle and underlying epidermis as optical filters for solar radiation. The field concerned with the diffusive transport of lipophilic organic non-electrolytes across the plant cuticle has reached a state of maturity. A new paradigm has recently been proposed for the diffusion of polar compounds and water across the cuticle. In the context of plant ecophysiology, cuticular transpiration can now be placed in the perspective of whole-leaf water relations. New and unexpected roles have been assigned to the cuticle in plant development and pollen-stigma interactions. Finally, much progress has been made in understanding the cuticle as a specific and extraordinary substrate for the interactions of the plant with microorganisms, fungi and insects. This volume details the major developments of recent years in this important interdisciplinary area. It is directed at researchers and professionals in plant biochemistry, plant physiology, plant ecology, phytopathology and environmental microbiology, in both the academic and industrial sectors.
Author: Bryan A. Bailey Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319247891 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 630
Book Description
This book reviews the current state of knowledge concerning cacao pathogens and methods for their management. Topics discussed include the history, biology and genetic diversity of Moniliophthora species (which cause witches’ broom and frosty pod rot) and Phytophthora species (which cause black pod rot) that cause diseases resulting in major losses to cacao production. Emerging pathogens such as Cacao swollen shoot virus and Ceratobasidium theobromae (which causes vascular streak dieback) are also discussed in detail, along with many pathogens of significant local concern. Most of these pathogens represent major risks to global cacao production should they expand into new areas, breaking out of their current limited distributions. By considering cacao diseases as a group, similarities in the available tools and techniques used in their management become apparent, as do their limitations. Gaps in our current knowledge of cacao pathogens and the management of the diseases they cause are detailed, and suggestions for future research directions are provided. This insight allows readers to consider cacao disease threats from a more comprehensive, global perspective and paves the way for an improved synergy of efforts between the various research programs, agencies, and industries, both private and public, with vested interests in cacao production, and cacao farmers.
Author: Paul W. Bosland Publisher: CABI ISBN: 178064020X Category : Cooking Languages : en Pages : 218
Book Description
Although thought of as a minor crop, peppers are a major world commodity due to their great versatility. They are used not only as vegetables in their own right but also as flavourings in food products, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Aimed at advanced students and growers, this second edition expands upon topics covered in the first, such as the plant's history, genetics, production, diseases and pests, and brings the text up to date with current research and understanding of this genus. New material includes an expansion of marker-assisted breeding to cover the different types of markers available, new directions, and trends in the industry, the loss of germplasm and access to it, and the long term preservation of Capsicum resources worldwide. It is suitable for horticultural researchers, extension workers, academics, breeders, growers, and students.
Author: Paul W. Bosland Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0443152799 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 310
Book Description
Breeding Disease-Resistant Horticultural Crops is a complete and comprehensive resource for understanding the concept of breeding disease resistant crops, especially horticultural crops. Breeders of horticultural crops face distinct challenges that are different from agronomy/row crops, and these crops do not benefit from the vast body of literature available for agronomic crops. This book covers the basic theories that underpin breeding for disease resistance and features extensive real-world examples. Both classical and biotechnical breeding methods are covered, with an emphasis on how these methods are adapted for horticultural species. Presented in a logical flow for the reader, this book addresses historical perspectives and context as it relates to breeding for disease resistance. It highlights treatments of resistance in the context of the phenotype, the genotype, the pathogen, the environment interaction, sources of resistance, and the deployment of resistance to obtain a durable resistance. Explores the definition of horticultural "resistance", how it is inherited, and how resistance can be manipulated through breeding Highlights the importance of the interaction among crops, pathogens, and environmental elements Provides the latest references and insights as a foundation for further research
Author: William Zebulun Rehrig
Author: William Zebulun Rehrig
Author: Jareerat Chunthawodtiporn
Author: Gregory Martin Vogel
Author: Wing Yee Liu
Author: Michelle Renee Curtis
Author: Archana Singh
Author: Markus Riederer
Author: Bryan A. Bailey
Author: Paul W. Bosland
Author: Paul W. Bosland