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Author: Sushil K. Sarna Publisher: Biota Publishing ISBN: 1615041516 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 159
Book Description
Three distinct types of contractions perform colonic motility functions. Rhythmic phasic contractions (RPCs) cause slow net distal propulsion with extensive mixing/turning over. Infrequently occurring giant migrating contractions (GMCs) produce mass movements. Tonic contractions aid RPCs in their motor function. The spatiotemporal patterns of these contractions differ markedly. The amplitude and distance of propagation of a GMC are several-fold larger than those of an RPC. The enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells are the core regulators of all three types of contractions. The regulation of contractions by these mechanisms is modifiable by extrinsic factors: CNS, autonomic neurons, hormones, inflammatory mediators, and stress mediators. Only the GMCs produce descending inhibition, which accommodates the large bolus being propelled without increasing muscle tone. The strong compression of the colon wall generates afferent signals that are below nociceptive threshold in healthy subjects. However, these signals become nociceptive; if the amplitudes of GMCs increase, afferent nerves become hypersensitive, or descending inhibition is impaired. The GMCs also provide the force for rapid propulsion of feces and descending inhibition to relax the internal anal sphincter during defecation. The dysregulation of GMCs is a major factor in colonic motility disorders: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diverticular disease (DD). Frequent mass movements by GMCs cause diarrhea in diarrhea predominant IBS, IBD, and DD, while a decrease in the frequency of GMCs causes constipation. The GMCs generate the afferent signals for intermittent short-lived episodes of abdominal cramping in these disorders. Epigenetic dysregulation due to adverse events in early life is one of the major factors in generating the symptoms of IBS in adulthood.
Author: Sushil K. Sarna Publisher: Biota Publishing ISBN: 1615041516 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 159
Book Description
Three distinct types of contractions perform colonic motility functions. Rhythmic phasic contractions (RPCs) cause slow net distal propulsion with extensive mixing/turning over. Infrequently occurring giant migrating contractions (GMCs) produce mass movements. Tonic contractions aid RPCs in their motor function. The spatiotemporal patterns of these contractions differ markedly. The amplitude and distance of propagation of a GMC are several-fold larger than those of an RPC. The enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells are the core regulators of all three types of contractions. The regulation of contractions by these mechanisms is modifiable by extrinsic factors: CNS, autonomic neurons, hormones, inflammatory mediators, and stress mediators. Only the GMCs produce descending inhibition, which accommodates the large bolus being propelled without increasing muscle tone. The strong compression of the colon wall generates afferent signals that are below nociceptive threshold in healthy subjects. However, these signals become nociceptive; if the amplitudes of GMCs increase, afferent nerves become hypersensitive, or descending inhibition is impaired. The GMCs also provide the force for rapid propulsion of feces and descending inhibition to relax the internal anal sphincter during defecation. The dysregulation of GMCs is a major factor in colonic motility disorders: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diverticular disease (DD). Frequent mass movements by GMCs cause diarrhea in diarrhea predominant IBS, IBD, and DD, while a decrease in the frequency of GMCs causes constipation. The GMCs generate the afferent signals for intermittent short-lived episodes of abdominal cramping in these disorders. Epigenetic dysregulation due to adverse events in early life is one of the major factors in generating the symptoms of IBS in adulthood.
Author: Krishnan Padmakumari Sivaraman Nair Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 110718469X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 255
Book Description
This practical handbook for clinicians covers pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options in neurological rehabilitation.
Author: Massimo Filippi Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1107035945 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 393
Book Description
A comprehensive survey of best practice in using diagnostic imaging in acute neurologic conditions. The symptom-based approach guides the choice of the available imaging tools for efficient, accurate, and cost-effective diagnosis. Effective examination algorithms integrate neurological and imaging concepts with the practical demands and constraints of emergency care.
Author: Israel Franco Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118814754 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 354
Book Description
Pediatric incontinence: evaluation and clinical management offers urologists practical, 'how-to' clinical guidance to what is a very common problem affecting up to 15% of children aged 6 years old. Introductory chapters cover the neurophysiology, psychological and genetic aspects, as well as the urodynamics of incontinence, before it moves on to its core focus, namely the evaluation and management of the problem. All types of management methods will be covered, including behavioural, psychological, medical and surgical, thus providing the reader with a solution to every patient's specific problem. The outstanding editor team led by Professor Israel Franco, one of the world’s leading gurus of pediatric urology, have recruited a truly stellar team of contributors each of whom have provided first-rate, high-quality contributions on their specific areas of expertise. Clear management algorithms for each form of treatment support the text, topics of controversy are covered openly, and the latest guidelines from the ICCS, AUA and EAU are included throughout. Perfect to refer to prior to seeing patients on the wards and in the clinics, this is the ideal guide to the topic and an essential purchase for all urologists, pediatric urologists and paediatricians managing children suffering from incontinence.
Author: Brigitte Collins Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319432141 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 270
Book Description
The editors aim to provide the definitive guide for healthcare professionals on functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and pelvic floor, and the treatments used within the current healthcare context. This book will help the reader to access and understand relevant information within a variety of clinical settings and scenarios. It will be relevant and useful to a variety of disciplines (e.g. Physicians, Nurses, Physiotherapists) who work within the field of gastrointestinal care. This book will be written by a team from the worlds’ most well established colorectal specialist hospital, presenting a definitive guide to care of the patient group.
Author: Giovanni Mosiello Publisher: Springer ISBN: 331942193X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 374
Book Description
This book aims to impart all the practical knowledge required in order to evaluate and treat children with anatomical, neurological, and functional incontinence. It explains how appropriate choice of management in childhood depends first of all on a correct diagnosis, then on thorough urodynamic evaluation, and finally on sound assessment of the condition of the individual patient. The full range of relevant pathologies are considered and all of the treatment options are extensively discussed, including behavioral therapy, rehabilitation, physiotherapy, pharmacotherapy, neuromodulation, endoscopic procedures, and surgical reconstruction. Careful attention is paid to the impacts that treatments performed during childhood may have on later adult life, including on fertility and pregnancy, with a view to ensuring that the reader will be in a position to time treatments correctly, thereby avoiding adverse effects, and possess all the information needed to address the concerns of patients and their families. The book will be of value to pediatricians, urologists, nurses, physiotherapist, students, and all others with an interest in the field.
Author: Hyun-Yoon Ko Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811636796 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 561
Book Description
This easy-to-use handbook is designed to assist in the evaluation and management of spinal cord injuries and the diverse related disorders and conditions. Spinal cord injuries can cause abnormalities in all body systems due to dysfunction of the somatic motor and sensory systems and damage to the autonomic nerve system. The latter gives rise to respiratory and cardiac problems, temperature regulation disorders, endocrine system disorders, and many associated metabolic disorders. Other potential consequences of spinal cord injuries include pressure injuries and various disabilities and obstacles, ranging from physical limitations to social embarrassment. This handbook offers extensive guidance on medical management in different scenarios from the acute phase to long-term care, with a particular focus on information of importance for the solution of clinical problems commonly encountered in daily practice. It will be ideal for practitioners in rehabilitation medicine, neurosurgery, orthopedics, neurology, and other relevant specialties that deal with patients with spinal cord injuries.
Author: Stephanie A. Prendergast Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers ISBN: 9780810895911 Category : Pelvic floor Languages : en Pages : 230
Book Description
Pelvic pain is more ubiquitous than most people think and yet many suffer in silence because they don't know there is help or they are too embarrassed to seek it. This book looks at the variety of problems that can lead to pelvic pain, and how to address the issues when they arise.
Author: Roberto Di Mizio Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 8847006678 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 121
Book Description
The aim of this radiological atlas is to connect pathophysiology to imaging using many illustrations and examples, emphasizing the capabilities and limitations of multidetector computed tomography and its role in the correct management approach to these disorders. Furthermore, the place of allied imaging modalities (plain film and ultrasound) in the clinical algorithm is comprehensively illustrated.
Author: Sushil K. Sarna
Author: Sushil K. Sarna
Author: Krishnan Padmakumari Sivaraman Nair
Author: Massimo Filippi
Author: Israel Franco
Author: Brigitte Collins
Author: Giovanni Mosiello
Author: Hyun-Yoon Ko
Author: 
Author: Stephanie A. Prendergast
Author: Roberto Di Mizio