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Author: Huan Yu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 246
Book Description
This dissertation develops a systematic model-based approach for the boundary control and estimation of freeway traffic congestion problem. Three topics of traffic congestion on a freeway segment are studied and include stop-and-go traffic oscillations, moving traffic shockwave, and downstream traffic bottleneck, which are governed by different partial differential equation (PDE) models and require the advancement and application of three PDE control techniques. To supress stop-and-go oscillations, we introduce the macroscopic Aw-Rascle-Zhang traffic model, consisting of second-order nonlinear hyperbolic PDEs that govern dynamics of traffic density and velocity. The hetero-directional propagations of information in congested traffic generate the instabilities, motivating us to the stabilization problem for a coupled $2\times 2$ hyperbolic system. Using the backstepping method, a full-state feedback control is designed for ramp metering at outlet to actuate the outgoing traffic flow. We design boundary observer for state estimation and combine it with the full state feedback control to construct an output feedback controller. The observer design is validated with traffic field data. Under model parameter uncertainties, adaptive control design is proposed with on-line parameter estimation. Furthermore, we develop output feedback boundary control for two types of $4\times4$ nonlinear hyperbolic PDEs which arise from two-lane and two-class traffic congestion. Stabilization of two-lane traffic involves regulation of the lane-changing interactions with lane-specific varying speed limits while stabilization of two-class traffic tackles the heterogeneity of vehicles and drivers. A moving traffic shockwave, caused by changes of local road situations, segregates light traffic upstream and heavy traffic downstream. This density discontinuity travels upstream. As a result, drivers caught in the shockwave experience transitions from free to congested traffic. The interface position is governed by an ordinary differential equation (ODE) dependent on the density of the PDE states, described with Lighthill-Whitham-Richards model. For the coupled PDE-ODE system, the predictor feedback design is applied to compensate the state-dependent input delays. We design bilateral boundary controllers to drive the moving shockwave front to a desirable setpoint position, hindering the upstream propagation of the traffic congestion. Traffic on a freeway segment with capacity drop at outlet causes a downstream bottleneck. Traffic congestion forms because the traffic at the outlet overflows its capacity. Therefore the incoming flow of the segment needs to be regulated so that the outgoing traffic at the bottleneck area is discharged with its maximum flow rate. Since the traffic dynamics of the bottleneck is hard to model, we apply extremum seeking control, a model free approach for real-time optimization, to obtain the optimal input density at the inlet. The predictor feedback design is combined with the extremum seeking to compensate the delay effect of traffic state of the segment. The maximum flow rate is achieved at the bottleneck by regulating its upstream density at the inlet.
Author: Huan Yu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 246
Book Description
This dissertation develops a systematic model-based approach for the boundary control and estimation of freeway traffic congestion problem. Three topics of traffic congestion on a freeway segment are studied and include stop-and-go traffic oscillations, moving traffic shockwave, and downstream traffic bottleneck, which are governed by different partial differential equation (PDE) models and require the advancement and application of three PDE control techniques. To supress stop-and-go oscillations, we introduce the macroscopic Aw-Rascle-Zhang traffic model, consisting of second-order nonlinear hyperbolic PDEs that govern dynamics of traffic density and velocity. The hetero-directional propagations of information in congested traffic generate the instabilities, motivating us to the stabilization problem for a coupled $2\times 2$ hyperbolic system. Using the backstepping method, a full-state feedback control is designed for ramp metering at outlet to actuate the outgoing traffic flow. We design boundary observer for state estimation and combine it with the full state feedback control to construct an output feedback controller. The observer design is validated with traffic field data. Under model parameter uncertainties, adaptive control design is proposed with on-line parameter estimation. Furthermore, we develop output feedback boundary control for two types of $4\times4$ nonlinear hyperbolic PDEs which arise from two-lane and two-class traffic congestion. Stabilization of two-lane traffic involves regulation of the lane-changing interactions with lane-specific varying speed limits while stabilization of two-class traffic tackles the heterogeneity of vehicles and drivers. A moving traffic shockwave, caused by changes of local road situations, segregates light traffic upstream and heavy traffic downstream. This density discontinuity travels upstream. As a result, drivers caught in the shockwave experience transitions from free to congested traffic. The interface position is governed by an ordinary differential equation (ODE) dependent on the density of the PDE states, described with Lighthill-Whitham-Richards model. For the coupled PDE-ODE system, the predictor feedback design is applied to compensate the state-dependent input delays. We design bilateral boundary controllers to drive the moving shockwave front to a desirable setpoint position, hindering the upstream propagation of the traffic congestion. Traffic on a freeway segment with capacity drop at outlet causes a downstream bottleneck. Traffic congestion forms because the traffic at the outlet overflows its capacity. Therefore the incoming flow of the segment needs to be regulated so that the outgoing traffic at the bottleneck area is discharged with its maximum flow rate. Since the traffic dynamics of the bottleneck is hard to model, we apply extremum seeking control, a model free approach for real-time optimization, to obtain the optimal input density at the inlet. The predictor feedback design is combined with the extremum seeking to compensate the delay effect of traffic state of the segment. The maximum flow rate is achieved at the bottleneck by regulating its upstream density at the inlet.
Author: Huan Yu Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3031193466 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 363
Book Description
This monograph explores the design of controllers that suppress oscillations and instabilities in congested traffic flow using PDE backstepping methods. The first part of the text is concerned with basic backstepping control of freeway traffic using the Aw-Rascle-Zhang (ARZ) second-order PDE model. It begins by illustrating a basic control problem – suppressing traffic with stop-and-go oscillations downstream of ramp metering – before turning to the more challenging case for traffic upstream of ramp metering. The authors demonstrate how to design state observers for the purpose of stabilization using output-feedback control. Experimental traffic data are then used to calibrate the ARZ model and validate the boundary observer design. Because large uncertainties may arise in traffic models, adaptive control and reinforcement learning methods are also explored in detail. Part II then extends the conventional ARZ model utilized until this point in order to address more complex traffic conditions: multi-lane traffic, multi-class traffic, networks of freeway segments, and driver use of routing apps. The final chapters demonstrate the use of the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) first-order PDE model to regulate congestion in traffic flows and to optimize flow through a bottleneck. In order to make the text self-contained, an introduction to the PDE backstepping method for systems of coupled first-order hyperbolic PDEs is included. Traffic Congestion Control by PDE Backstepping is ideal for control theorists working on control of systems modeled by PDEs and for traffic engineers and applied scientists working on unsteady traffic flows. It will also be a valuable resource for researchers interested in boundary control of coupled systems of first-order hyperbolic PDEs.
Author: Boris S. Kerner Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9783540207160 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 716
Book Description
The core of ths book presents a theory developed by the author to combine the recent insight into empirical data with mathematical models in freeway traffic research based on dynamical non-linear processes.
Author: Pushkin Kachroo Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319692313 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
This book develops a methodology for designing feedback control laws for dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) exploiting the introduction of new sensing and information-dissemination technologies to facilitate the introduction of real-time traffic management in intelligent transportation systems. Three methods of modeling the traffic system are discussed: partial differential equations representing a distributed-parameter setting; continuous-time ordinary differential equations (ODEs) representing a continuous-time lumped-parameter setting; and discreet-time ODEs representing a discrete-time lumped-parameter setting. Feedback control formulations for reaching road-user-equilibrium are presented for each setting and advantages and disadvantage of using each are addressed. The closed-loop methods described are proposed expressly to avoid the counter-productive shifting of bottlenecks from one route to another because of driver over-reaction to routing information. The second edition of Feedback Control Theory for Dynamic Traffic Assignment has been thoroughly updated with completely new chapters: a review of the DTA problem and emphasizing real-time-feedback-based problems; an up-to-date presentation of pertinent traffic-flow theory; and a treatment of the mathematical solution to the traffic dynamics. Techinques accounting for the importance of entropy are further new inclusions at various points in the text. Researchers working in traffic control will find the theoretical material presented a sound basis for further research; the continual reference to applications will help professionals working in highway administration and engineering with the increasingly important task of maintaining and smoothing traffic flow; the extensive use of end-of-chapter exercises will help the graduate student and those new to the field to extend their knowledge.
Author: Alexandre Bayen Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030930157 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 238
Book Description
Conservation and balance laws on networks have been the subject of much research interest given their wide range of applications to real-world processes, particularly traffic flow. This open access monograph is the first to investigate different types of control problems for conservation laws that arise in the modeling of vehicular traffic. Four types of control problems are discussed - boundary, decentralized, distributed, and Lagrangian control - corresponding to, respectively, entrance points and tolls, traffic signals at junctions, variable speed limits, and the use of autonomy and communication. Because conservation laws are strictly connected to Hamilton-Jacobi equations, control of the latter is also considered. An appendix reviewing the general theory of initial-boundary value problems for balance laws is included, as well as an appendix illustrating the main concepts in the theory of conservation laws on networks.
Author: Boris S. Kerner Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642026052 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 271
Book Description
The understanding of empirical traf?c congestion occurring on unsignalized mul- lane highways and freeways is a key for effective traf?c management, control, or- nization, and other applications of transportation engineering. However, the traf?c ?ow theories and models that dominate up to now in transportation research journals and teaching programs of most universities cannot explain either traf?c breakdown or most features of the resulting congested patterns. These theories are also the - sis of most dynamic traf?c assignment models and freeway traf?c control methods, which therefore are not consistent with features of real traf?c. For this reason, the author introduced an alternative traf?c ?ow theory called three-phase traf?c theory, which can predict and explain the empirical spatiot- poral features of traf?c breakdown and the resulting traf?c congestion. A previous book “The Physics of Traf?c” (Springer, Berlin, 2004) presented a discussion of the empirical spatiotemporal features of congested traf?c patterns and of three-phase traf?c theory as well as their engineering applications. Rather than a comprehensive analysis of empirical and theoretical results in the ?eld, the present book includes no more empirical and theoretical results than are necessary for the understanding of vehicular traf?c on unsignalized multi-lane roads. The main objectives of the book are to present an “elementary” traf?c ?ow theory and control methods as well as to show links between three-phase traf?c t- ory and earlier traf?c ?ow theories. The need for such a book follows from many commentsofcolleaguesmadeafterpublicationofthebook“ThePhysicsofTraf?c”.
Author: Donald G. Capelle Publisher: Transportation Research Board National Research ISBN: Category : Transportation Languages : en Pages : 72
Book Description
This publication results from growing concern about increasing congestion on urban freeways. It provides an overview of proven traffic control techniques for reducing congestion and improving operations that will be of interest to highway administrators, legislators, and other public officials concerned with the management and operation of freeway systems. This synthesis of past and present practices describes operational and safety problems typical to an urban freeway corridor, a range of options for dealing with these problems, and guidelines for implementing and operating freeway control systems. The report is based on previous research, actual experience from operating freeway control systems in various parts of the United States, and numerous interviews with individuals having responsibility for those systems. General guidance is provided for the planning and implementation of freeway control projects at the executive and administrative levels.
Author: Conrad L. Dudek Publisher: Transportation Research Board ISBN: 9780309053044 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 80
Book Description
This synthesis will be of interest to state and local traffic engineers, transportation planners, transit operators, law enforcement officials, public information agencies, and others responsible for the transportation elements of freeway corridors. Information is provided on the policies and procedures for freeway corridor management, and descriptions of a number of techniques and practices are presented. Traffic growth and increasing congestion on urban freeways require a comprehensive approach toward managing the complex elements of freeway operations. This report of the Transportation Research Board provides information on freeway corridor management strategies, the components of management, examples of effective applications of the strategies, and benefits of freeway corridor management. The management techniques that are discussed include freeway surveillance and control; corridor street surveillance and control; high-occupancy vehicle facilities and incentives; police enforcement and traffic control; hazardous material and other truck traffic restrictions; alternative route planning; motorist assistance patrols; motorist information techniques; and traffic management for recurrent congestion, for incidents, for special events, and for work zones.
Author: Huan Yu
Author: Huan Yu
Author: Huan Yu
Author: Boris S. Kerner
Author: Pushkin Kachroo
Author: United States. Federal Highway Administration
Author: 
Author: Alexandre Bayen
Author: Boris S. Kerner
Author: Donald G. Capelle
Author: Conrad L. Dudek