BOLD-based Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Hypoxia in the Human Brain PDF Download

Author: Nuria Hirsch
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 119

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Author: Peter Vaupel
Publisher: Lubrecht & Cramer, Limited
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 348

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Author: Aaron Benjamin Simon
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781303897023
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 192

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Book Description
Blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI) is a powerful tool for mapping functional anatomy in the human brain. However, the use of BOLD for more than functional mapping is controversial because of the complex relationship between what BOLD measures and the neuronal activity that it purports to reflect. The BOLD signal is primarily a reflection of changes in deoxyhemoglobin in an imaging voxel, which in turn depend on hemodynamic and metabolic changes evoked by neuronal signaling. The magnitude of the BOLD response reflects the balance of the hemodynamic and metabolic responses and is thus difficult to interpret in physiological terms or to compare across groups. The calibrated BOLD approach, which combines BOLD imaging with arterial spin labeling (ASL) and biophysical modeling, has been proposed as a method of untangling the physiological components of the BOLD signal and providing quantitative information about the physiological response to neural activity. This approach has been used successfully in model systems; however, its use remains limited in the fMRI community. In this dissertation I discuss my efforts to address several limitations of this approach with the purpose of broadening its applicability to the study of brain function and physiology : (1) low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in ASL-derived blood flow estimates; (2) the need to use CO2 inhalation as a calibration experiment; (3) the limited ability of current biophysical models to describe atypical physiology. To address (1), I developed a method called BOLD constrained perfusion (BCP), which combines information from BOLD and ASL imaging to better estimate blood flow and metabolic fluctuations under conditions where temporal averaging cannot be used to improve SNR. To address (2), I compared traditional CO2 calibration with an alternative approach requiring only the measurement of R2ʹ signal decay. Finally, to address (3), I developed a method of estimating the metabolic response to a stimulus using a detailed model of the BOLD response, then used it to begin investigating the metabolic response to CO2 and visual stimulation in hypoxia.

Author: Roland N. Pittman
Publisher: Biota Publishing
ISBN: 1615047212
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 117

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This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.

Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080861601
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 447

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Progress in Brain Research is the most acclaimed and accomplished series in neuroscience. The serial is well-established as an extensive documentation of contemporary advances in the field. The volumes contain authoritative reviews and original articles by invited specialists. The rigorous editing of the volumes assures that they will appeal to all laboratory and clinical brain research workers in the various disciplines: neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neuropharmacology, neuroendocrinology, neuropathology, basic neurology, biological psychiatry and the behavioral sciences.

Author: Richard B. Buxton
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521899958
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 479

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Book Description
This is the second edition of a useful introductory book on a technique that has revolutionized neuroscience, specifically cognitive neuroscience. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has now become the standard tool for studying the brain systems involved in cognitive and emotional processing. It has also been a major factor in the consilience of the fields of neurobiology, cognitive psychology, social psychology, radiology, physics, mathematics, engineering, and even philosophy. Written and edited by a clinician-scientist in the field, this book remains an excellent user's guide to t

Author: Andreas Pohlmann
Publisher: Humana
ISBN: 9781071609774
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 725

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This Open Access volume provides readers with an open access protocol collection and wide-ranging recommendations for preclinical renal MRI used in translational research. The chapters in this book are interdisciplinary in nature and bridge the gaps between physics, physiology, and medicine. They are designed to enhance training in renal MRI sciences and improve the reproducibility of renal imaging research. Chapters provide guidance for exploring, using and developing small animal renal MRI in your laboratory as a unique tool for advanced in vivo phenotyping, diagnostic imaging, and research into potential new therapies. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, Preclinical MRI of the Kidney: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource and will be of importance to anyone interested in the preclinical aspect of renal and cardiorenal diseases in the fields of physiology, nephrology, radiology, and cardiology. This publication is based upon work from COST Action PARENCHIMA, supported by European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST). COST (www.cost.eu) is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. COST Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career and innovation. PARENCHIMA (renalmri.org) is a community-driven Action in the COST program of the European Union, which unites more than 200 experts in renal MRI from 30 countries with the aim to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers.

Author: Scott H. Faro
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387346651
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 543

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Book Description
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures quick, tiny metabolic changes that take place in the brain, providing the most sensitive method currently available for identifying, investigating, and monitoring brain tumors, stroke, and chronic disorders of the nervous system like multiple sclerosis, and brain abnormalities related to dementia or seizures. This overview explores experimental research design, outlines challenges and limitations of fMRI, provides a detailed neuroanatomic atlas, and describes clinical applications of fMRI in cognitive, sensory, motor, and pharmacological cases, translating research into clinical application.

Author: Elke Hattingen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3642450407
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 166

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This book describes the basics, the challenges and the limitations of state of the art brain tumor imaging and examines in detail its impact on diagnosis and treatment monitoring. It opens with an introduction to the clinically relevant physical principles of brain imaging. Since MR methodology plays a crucial role in brain imaging, the fundamental aspects of MR spectroscopy, MR perfusion and diffusion-weighted MR methods are described, focusing on the specific demands of brain tumor imaging. The potential and the limits of new imaging methodology are carefully addressed and compared to conventional MR imaging. In the main part of the book, the most important imaging criteria for the differential diagnosis of solid and necrotic brain tumors are delineated and illustrated in examples. A closing section is devoted to the use of MR methods for the monitoring of brain tumor therapy. The book is intended for radiologists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, oncologists and other scientists in the biomedical field with an interest in neuro-oncology.

Author: Judith M. Rumsey
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139476750
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 473

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Book Description
Modern neuroimaging offers tremendous opportunities for gaining insights into normative development and a wide array of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. Focusing on ontogeny, this text covers basic processes involved in both healthy and atypical maturation, and also addresses the range of neuroimaging techniques most widely used for studying children. This book will enable you to understand normative structural and functional brain maturation and the mechanisms underlying basic developmental processes; become familiar with current knowledge and hypotheses concerning the neural bases of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders; and learn about neuroimaging techniques, including their unique strengths and limitations. Coverage includes normal developmental processes, atypical processing in developmental neuropsychiatric disorders, ethical issues, neuroimaging techniques and their integration with psychopharmacologic and molecular genetic research approaches, and future directions. This comprehensive volume is an essential resource for neurologists, neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, pediatricians, and radiologists concerned with normal development and developmental neuropsychiatric disorders.