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Author: Roland N. Pittman Publisher: Biota Publishing ISBN: 1615047212 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 117
Book Description
This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.
Author: Roland N. Pittman Publisher: Biota Publishing ISBN: 1615047212 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 117
Book Description
This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.
Author: Michitoshi Inoue Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 4431683674 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.
Author: David Young Publisher: Biota Publishing ISBN: 1615040226 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 110
Book Description
Although cardiac output is measured as the flow of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta, the system that controls cardiac output includes many other components besides the heart itself. The heart’s rate of output cannot exceed the rate of venous return to it, and therefore, the factors governing venous return are primarily responsible for control of output from the heart. Venous return is affected by its pressure gradient and resistance to flow throughout the vascular system. The pressure gradient for venous return is a function of several factors including the blood volume flowing through the system, the unstressed vascular volume of the circulatory system, its capacitance, mean systemic pressure, and right atrial pressure. Resistance to venous return is the sum of total vascular resistance from the aortic valve to the right atrium. The sympathetic nervous system and vasoactive circulating hormones affect short-term resistance, whereas local tissue blood flow autoregulatory mechanisms are the dominant determinants of long-term resistance to venous return. The strength of contraction of the heart responds to changes in atrial pressure driven by changes in venous return, with small changes in atrial pressure eliciting large changes in strength of contraction, as described by the Frank–Starling mechanism. In addition, the autonomic nervous system input to the heart alters myocardial pumping ability in response to cardiovascular challenges. The function of the cardiovascular system is strongly affected by the operation of the renal sodium excretion–body fluid volume–arterial pressure negative feedback system that maintains arterial blood pressure at a controlled value over long periods. The intent of this volume is to integrate the basic knowledge of these cardiovascular system components into an understanding of cardiac output regulation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Venous Return / Cardiac Function / Integrated Analysis of Cardiac Output Control / Analysis of Cardiac Output Regulation by Computer Simulation / Analysis of Cardiac Output Control in Response to Challenges / Conclusion / References / Author Biography
Author: Yuping Wang Publisher: Biota Publishing ISBN: 1615047514 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 126
Book Description
The placenta is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall, thereby allowing nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply. Proper vascular development in the placenta is fundamental to ensuring a healthy fetus and successful pregnancy. This book provides an up-to-date summary and synthesis of knowledge regarding placental vascular biology and discusses the relevance of this vascular bed to the functions of the human placenta.
Author: Alfred P. Fishman Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1461475465 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 871
Book Description
Capturing the real spirit of creativity in physiology, this book explores the personal elements involved in scientific discovery. Circulation of the Blood is the story of the people and achievements that have changed the way we've come to view the human body. The authors, renowned for their extensive experience in the field, examine the heritage of creative genius involved in physiology and trace the historical development of ideas relating to various aspects of circulation of the blood. Their comprehensive coverage goes from the early discoveries of the Greeks and Romans up to modern times.
Author: William Harvey Publisher: Cosimo, Inc. ISBN: 1596052295 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 268
Book Description
If the pulsations of the arteries fan and refrigerate the several parts of the body as the lungs do the heart, how comes it, as is commonly said, that the arteries carry the vital blood into the different parts, abundantly charged with vital spirits, which cherish the heat of these parts, sustain them when asleep, and recruit them when exhausted? and how should it happen that, if you tie the arteries, immediately the parts not only become torpid, and frigid, and look pale, but at length cease even to be nourished?-from the IntroductionThis seminal work of medical literature, first published in 1628, spells out in clear, lucid language how the human heart pumps blood around the body via its own exclusive circulatory route. What seems like an obvious concept to us today was in fact quite revolutionary at the time: Harvey's defiance of the medical "common knowledge" of his time laid the groundwork for all modern investigations of the circulatory system, and may be the most momentous discovery of 17th-century medicine.This important volume also includes a series of letters from Harvey to his medical colleagues in which he defends his then-astonishing theories, plus Harvey's "The Anatomy of Thomas Parr," a fascinating 1635 report on the dissection of the corpse of "a poor farmer of extremely advanced age."OF INTEREST TO: readers of scientific history, medical studentsBritish naturalist, anatomist, and doctor WILLIAM HARVEY (1578-1657) was educated at Cambridge, Canterbury, and Padua, and became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1607. He served as court physician to both King James I and King Charles I.
Author: William Harvey Publisher: Good Press ISBN: Category : Fiction Languages : en Pages : 208
Book Description
"An Anatomical Disquisition on the Motion of the Heart & Blood in Animals" by William Harvey (translated by Robert Willis). Published by Good Press. Good Press publishes a wide range of titles that encompasses every genre. From well-known classics & literary fiction and non-fiction to forgotten−or yet undiscovered gems−of world literature, we issue the books that need to be read. Each Good Press edition has been meticulously edited and formatted to boost readability for all e-readers and devices. Our goal is to produce eBooks that are user-friendly and accessible to everyone in a high-quality digital format.
Author: Roland N. Pittman
Author: Roland N. Pittman
Author: Michitoshi Inoue
Author: J. Gordon Betts
Author: David Young
Author: Ronald Hoffman
Author: Yuping Wang
Author: Alfred P. Fishman
Author: William Harvey
Author: William Harvey
Author: C. G. Caro