Blends of Polyvinyl Chloride with Thermoplastic Polyurethane PDF Download

Author: Sotirios Kourtis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Polymer blends
Languages : en
Pages : 180

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Author: Johanna Baena
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Extrusion process
Languages : en
Pages : 342

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Book Description
A novel reactive blending process was investigated to produce poly(vinyl chloride)/thermoplastic polyurethane (PVC/TPU) blends of significant commercial interest. The reactive blending process took place in two stages. The thermally stabilized PVC was plasticized with the polyol monomers of TPU, and then the polyols reacted with diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) to polymerize TPU in-situ with the PVC. In the first stage of the reactive blending, either a polyester or a polyether polyol and 1,4-butanediol (BDO), which forms the TPU's hard segment, were blended with PVC. The polyester polyols included poly(butylene adipate) (PBA), poly(hexamethylene adipate) (PHA) and poly(propylene adipate) (PPA), while the polyether polyol was poly (propylene glycol) (PPG). In the second stage of the reactive blending, several commercial MDIs, including 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (SMDI), a mixture of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 2,4'- diphenylmethane diisocyanate (LMDI), and carbodiimide Modified 4,4 Diphenylmetane Diisocyanate (CDMDI) were used. Initially, blends of PVC with the various polyols were prepared in a batch internal mixer. The PBA and PHA were partially miscible with the PVC in a wide range of compositions. The PPA turned out to be partially miscible with PVC only at high concentrations of PVC, and the polyether (PPG) was immiscible with PVC. The miscibility and resultant morphology of the blends were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The reactive blending studies were performed in both a batch internal mixer and a continuous counter-rotating intermeshing twin-screw extruder. The miscibility, morphology, and mechanical properties of the blends were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), and Instron tensile testing respectively. The study in the batch internal mixer revealed that PVC was miscible with the TPUs produced when the TPU was formed from the polyester polyols, i.e. PBA, PHA and PPA. TEM revealed that the PVC/TPU blends had a multiphase morphology at room temperature, with varying morphologies that depended on the monomers used. The mechanical properties of the reactive blends depended on the MDI used and they showed superior tensile properties than the analogous melt blends. The reactive extrusion (REX) in a continuous counter-rotating intermeshing twin-screw extruder was shown to improve the PVC/TPU (LMDI) properties compared to those obtained by a batch internal mixer. In REX a liquid MDI was required to assure accurate MDI feeding, given the difficulties in feeding SMDI, which dimerizes at room temperature. Additionally, the use of a liquid MDI provides the fulfillment of the stoichimetric ratio that is critical to obtaining high molecular weight polyurethane. The reactive blending studies with the different MDIs resulted in blends with different properties and phase morphology, but similar thermal properties. The kinetics of TPU polymerization was studied in a rheometer and in a home-made vessel under various conditions of shear and pressure, respectively. This study revealed that pressure had negligible effect on the polymerization under the conditions studied, but that the shear rate influenced the rate of TPU polymerization appreciably. The effect of different polyols (PBA and PHA) and a variety of MDIs (SMDI, LMDI and CDMDI) on the TPU polymerization was studied. It was observed that the kinetic parameters depended on the chemical structure, functionality and reactivity of the monomers. Lastly, the effect of the addition of the PVC on the kinetics of TPU polymerization was studied. It was observed that the PVC stabilizer works as a TPU polymerization catalyst. The kinetic equation obtained that includes the effects of temperature, pressure, and shear would be useful for applications in twin screw extruders.

Author: Sabu Thomas
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 032399475X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 646

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Book Description
Poly(vinyl chloride)-Based Blends, IPNs, and Gels brings together the latest research on the blending of PVC, covering processing, materials, properties, and applications. This book addresses these challenges and highlights the state-of-the-art in the field, such as the development of eco-friendly micro and nanostructured functional materials based on PVC and advances in experimental and theoretical studies of PVC based-polymer blends. This is a valuable resource for researchers and advanced students in polymer science, chemistry, composite science, and materials science and engineering, as well as R&D professionals, engineers, and scientists working with advanced PVC-based materials across a range of industries. Offers methodical, in-depth coverage of PVC-based blends, IPNs and gels with each polymer type Explains advanced methods for PVC-based materials with improved properties for a range of novel applications Provides avenues for improved sustainability, discussing PVC from biomass, lifecycle, recycling, and other environmental considerations

Author: Shane Richard Parnell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Addition polymerization
Languages : en
Pages : 568

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Author: Visakh P. M.
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303078455X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 240

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Book Description
This book summarizes many of the recent research accomplishments in the area of polyvinylchloride (PVC)-based blends and their preparation, characterization and applications. Various sub-topics are addressed, such as the state-of-the-art of PVC based blends, new challenges and opportunities, emphasis being given to the types and sizes of components/fillers and optimum compositions of PVC blends, their processing and structure-properties relationships, modification/compatibilization methods, and possible applications. PVC/thermoplastic based nano, micro and macro blends, PVC membranes, bio-based plasticizers and PVC blends with components from renewable resources are reported. The various chapters in this book are contributed by prominent researchers from industry, academia and government/private research laboratories across the globe. It covers an up-to-date record on the major findings and observations in the field of PVC-based blends.

Author: L.A. Utracki
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461557895
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 669

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Book Description
This book provides an in depth and unparalleled presentation of the compositions of virtually all polymer blends.

Author: Qi-Wei Lu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 478

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Book Description

Author: Michael Szycher PhD
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 143986313X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1113

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Book Description
A practical handbook rather than merely a chemistry reference, Szycher's Handbook of Polyurethanes, Second Edition offers an easy-to-follow compilation of crucial new information on polyurethane technology, which is irreplaceable in a wide range of applications. This new edition of a bestseller is an invaluable reference for technologists, marketer

Author: Mohd Hakim Ibrahim
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 105

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Book Description
The main objective of this research is to study the mechanical, physical and thermal properties of the polyvinyl chloride and its blend with thermoplastic polyurethane in designing bedpan. The specific objectives of this study are ; to study the effect of blend ratios (90/10, 70/30 and 50/50) on the mechanical properties, morphology, water absorption, chemical resistanceand thermal properties of PVC/TPU blends ; to optimize wall thickness of bedpan using PVC/TPU blend by using finite element analysis (ANSYS).

Author: Vikas Mittal
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439856702
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 345

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Book Description
With their broad range of properties, polymer blends are widely used in adhesion, colloidal stability, the design of composite and biocompatible materials, and other areas. As the science and technology of polymer blends advances, an increasing number of polymer blend systems and applications continue to be developed. Functional Polymer Blends: Syn