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Author: Changyong Wu Publisher: Nova Science Publishers ISBN: 9781536190809 Category : Sewage Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"Anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2/O) is one of the most widely used processes in municipal wastewater treatment plants for simultaneous biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The A2/O process has many advantages, such as simple configuration and short hydraulic retention time (HRT), etc. In addition, it is easy to operate. Therefore, A2/O will be continuously chosen as the main option in all kinds of newly designed and built wastewater treatment plants. Though the A2/O process has been used widely, it has some inherent contradictions which are difficult to overcome. For example, the contradiction between substrate competition and SRT makes the high nitrogen and phosphorus removal unable to be achieved simultaneously. As a result, the removal efficiency of the system cannot be further improved. In the past 10 years in China, the wastewater quality very obviously changed with the improvement of living conditions. At present, municipal wastewater with a low C/N ratio is rather common in most countries in the world. The lack of a carbon source will make the inherent contradictions of the A2/O process becomes serious. Therefore, the conventional design parameters of the A2/O process are needed to adjust or the configuration of the A2/O process should change to fit the change of the wastewater quality. According to this, this book systematically describes how to improve the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of municipal wastewater with low C/N ratio, and effectively utilize the carbon resource in the influent of wastewater. This publication is useful for students, researchers and engineers whose major focus is municipal and the environment"--
Author: Changyong Wu Publisher: Nova Science Publishers ISBN: 9781536190809 Category : Sewage Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"Anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2/O) is one of the most widely used processes in municipal wastewater treatment plants for simultaneous biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The A2/O process has many advantages, such as simple configuration and short hydraulic retention time (HRT), etc. In addition, it is easy to operate. Therefore, A2/O will be continuously chosen as the main option in all kinds of newly designed and built wastewater treatment plants. Though the A2/O process has been used widely, it has some inherent contradictions which are difficult to overcome. For example, the contradiction between substrate competition and SRT makes the high nitrogen and phosphorus removal unable to be achieved simultaneously. As a result, the removal efficiency of the system cannot be further improved. In the past 10 years in China, the wastewater quality very obviously changed with the improvement of living conditions. At present, municipal wastewater with a low C/N ratio is rather common in most countries in the world. The lack of a carbon source will make the inherent contradictions of the A2/O process becomes serious. Therefore, the conventional design parameters of the A2/O process are needed to adjust or the configuration of the A2/O process should change to fit the change of the wastewater quality. According to this, this book systematically describes how to improve the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of municipal wastewater with low C/N ratio, and effectively utilize the carbon resource in the influent of wastewater. This publication is useful for students, researchers and engineers whose major focus is municipal and the environment"--
Author: Changyong Wu Publisher: Nova Science Publishers ISBN: 9781536191400 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 247
Book Description
"Anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2/O) is one of the most widely used processes in municipal wastewater treatment plants for simultaneous biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The A2/O process has many advantages, such as simple configuration and short hydraulic retention time (HRT), etc. In addition, it is easy to operate. Therefore, A2/O will be continuously chosen as the main option in all kinds of newly designed and built wastewater treatment plants. Though the A2/O process has been used widely, it has some inherent contradictions which are difficult to overcome. For example, the contradiction between substrate competition and SRT makes the high nitrogen and phosphorus removal unable to be achieved simultaneously. As a result, the removal efficiency of the system cannot be further improved. In the past 10 years in China, the wastewater quality very obviously changed with the improvement of living conditions. At present, municipal wastewater with a low C/N ratio is rather common in most countries in the world. The lack of a carbon source will make the inherent contradictions of the A2/O process becomes serious. Therefore, the conventional design parameters of the A2/O process are needed to adjust or the configuration of the A2/O process should change to fit the change of the wastewater quality. According to this, this book systematically describes how to improve the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of municipal wastewater with low C/N ratio, and effectively utilize the carbon resource in the influent of wastewater. This publication is useful for students, researchers and engineers whose major focus is municipal and the environment"--
Author: Nigel J. Horan Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9781566760997 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 396
Book Description
Topics in the book include: novel processes, removal of ammonia and nitrogen, retrofitting/upgrading treatment plants for nutrient removal, and operating experiences at full-scale plants. Nutrient removal from wastewaters is a critical topic in every region. Problems can arise from domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, or rainwater runoff.
Author: P. F. Strom Publisher: IWA Publishing ISBN: 1843397056 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 104
Book Description
Simultaneous biological nutrient removal (SBNR) is the removal of nitrogen and/or phosphorus in excess of that required for biomass synthesis in biological wastewater treatment systems where there are no defined anaerobic and/or anoxic zones. The hypothesis is that one or more of three mechanisms is responsible within individual systems: variations in the bioreactor macroenvironment created by the mixing pattern, gradients within the floc microenvironment, and/or novel microorganism activity. Understanding of the mechanisms of SBNR can be expected to lead to improved efficiency and reliability in its application. Preliminary work documented SBNR in 7 full-scale OrbalTM closed loop bioreactors. A batch assay demonstrated that novel microorganism activity was of little importance in SBNR at the three plants tested. While the floc microenvironment likely plays an important role in nitrogen removal in such plants, it cannot explain phosphorus removal. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to elucidate the role of the bioreactor macroenvironment in SBNR. This is the first reported application of CFD to activated sludge biological wastewater treatment. Although the software and computational requirements limited model complexity, it still simulated the creation of dissolved oxygen gradients within the system, demonstrating that the anaerobic zones required for SBNR could occur.
Author: Shengnan Xu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 208
Book Description
Process improvements for better wastewater treatment performance are necessary with stringent discharge requirements. The main objective of this research is to develop new wastewater treatment technologies for improved nutrient removal and the degradation of recalcitrant organic nitrogen compounds. In this research, a reverse A2 /O system demonstrated better phosphorus removal efficiency than the regular A2 /O system by inverting the sequence of anaerobic and anoxic zones. Placing an anoxic stage before the anaerobic stage in the reverse A2 /O process resulted in a lower oxidation-reduction potential in the anaerobic zone, which contributed to higher P uptake by bacteria under subsequent aerobic respiration. With the development of emerging environmental nanotechnology, the effectiveness of nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) in nutrient removal was also determined under anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic conditions. The highest P removal efficiency (95% at the initial P concentration of 10 mg/L) by NZVI was observed under anoxic abiotic conditions. Furthermore, new applications of NZVI as an antiseptic/antimicrobial material were extended to sludge bulking control. In two Modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE) activated sludge treatment systems, a single dose of NZVI at the final concentration of 100 mg Fe/L in the mixed liquor reduced the number of filamentous bacteria Type 021N by 2-3 log units (a reduction of 99.9 and 96.7% in MLE tank #1 and #2, respectively). Additional benefits of the use of NZVI such as improved P removal was also determined. The side effect of the use of NZVI depended on sludge bulking conditions and biomass concentration. In the last part of this dissertation, process improvements to remove recalcitrant organic N compounds such as melamine were evaluated. Melamine is a nitrogen-rich (67% nitrogen by mass) heterocyclic aromatic compound that could significantly increase effluent total nitrogen concentrations. The degradation of melamine and its impact on activated sludge operation in conventional activated sludge (CAS) systems and MBRs with high biomass concentrations were compared. Melamine was dosed continuously in CAS and MBR systems at an influent concentration of 3 mg/L for about 100 days. Even after such a long period of sludge adaptation, melamine appeared not to be easily biodegradable in any of the CAS and MBR systems indicating that selective enrichment of special microbes (melamine degradation specialists) and the special enzymes responsible for melamine degradation cannot be induced through acclimation. However, a significant reduction in toxicity of melamine to the activated sludge was observed in MBR systems, demonstrating the significance of MBR operation at high sludge concentrations.
Author: Mogens Henze Publisher: IWA Publishing (International Water Assoc) ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 170
Book Description
For information on the online course in Biological Wastewater Treatment from UNESCO-IHE, visit: http://www.iwapublishing.co.uk/books/biological-wastewater-treatment-online-course-principles-modeling-and-design Over the past twenty years, the knowledge and understanding of wastewater treatment have advanced extensively and moved away from empirically-based approaches to a first principles approach embracing chemistry, microbiology, physical and bioprocess engineering, and mathematics. Many of these advances have matured to the degree that they have been codified into mathematical models for simulation with computers. For a new generation of young scientists and engineers entering the wastewater treatment profession, the quantity, complexity and diversity of these new developments can be overwhelming, particularly in developing countries where access is not readily available to advanced level tertiary education courses in wastewater treatment. Biological Wastewater Treatment addresses this deficiency. It assembles and integrates the postgraduate course material of a dozen or so professors from research groups around the world that have made significant contributions to the advances in wastewater treatment. The book forms part of an internet-based curriculum in biological wastewater treatment which also includes: Summarized lecture handouts of the topics covered in book Filmed lectures by the author professors Tutorial exercises for students self-learning Upon completion of this curriculum the modern approach of modelling and simulation to wastewater treatment plant design and operation, be it activated sludge, biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal, secondary settling tanks or biofilm systems, can be embraced with deeper insight, advanced knowledge and greater confidence.
Author: Felicity J. Appel Publisher: ISBN: 9781321934373 Category : Sewage Languages : en Pages : 132
Book Description
Wastewater is treated biologically with activated sludge to remove the nutrients phosphorous and nitrogen. In accomplishing wastewater treatment, selecting for nitritation in the aeration phase can optimize the nutrient removal process to conserve energy and carbon, while enhancing phosphorous and nitrogen removal. This thesis investigated the ability of sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), operated in a unique post-anoxic denitrification mode (process referred to as BIOPHO-PX; trademark under development by Dr. Coats), to remove nutrients while controlling aeration length and residual DO concentration at different solids retention times (SRTs), with the goal to induce and sustain nitritation. Phosphorus removal of 97% and nitrogen removal of 82% were achieved with this process configuration.
Author: Water Environment Federation Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional ISBN: 0071737103 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 667
Book Description
The Latest Methods for Nutrient Removal from Wastewater This Water Environment Federation resource provides comprehensive information on biological and chemical methods for nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater. Nutrient Removal covers environmental and regulatory issues and provides an integrated approach for combined nitrogen and phosphorus removal, including details on ammonia and dewatering liquors treatment. Natural treatment systems are also discussed in this definitive guide. Nutrient Removal covers: Nutrients and their effects on the environment Regulation of nutrients in the effluents of wastewater treatment plants Overview of the nutrient removal processes Principles of biological nitrogen removal Nitrification Nitrogen removal processes, configuration, and process-sizing criteria for combined nitrification and denitrification processes Chemical and biological phosphorus removal Sidestream nitrogen removal Structured process models for nutrient removal Troubleshooting for full-scale nutrient removal facilities Aquatic natural treatment systems
Author: Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9783319736440 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This reference work analyzes and assesses global environmental management techniques for environmental materials with a focus on their performance and economic benefits, proposing eco-friendly solutions and designating policies that will sustain the environment for future generations. It addresses management of environmental materials as not only a complex anthropogenic problem, but also as an expensive problem that needs to be managed sustainably. Simultaneously, it considers the environmental and economic benefits involved in the high levels of investment and operation costs required to develop effective materials collection and management systems in modern society.
Author: T. Matsuo Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080526543 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 337
Book Description
This book is the result of the international symposium, "Establishment and Evaluation of Advanced Water Treatment Technology Systems Using Functions of Complex Microbial Community", organized in 2000 at the University of Tokyo. The volume presents the most recent progress in application of microbial community analysis, health-related microorganisms management, nutrient removal, waste sludge minimization and materials recovery, and water management in tropical countries. Included in this work are the following major topics in wastewater treatment: application of various innovative techniques of molecular biology such as FISH, DGGE to microbial community analysis of various types of wastewater treatment; microbial aspect of biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus; emission of nitrous oxide during nitrogen transformation; reduction of sludge production in the wastewater treatment process using membrane and material recovery of biopolymer and cell of photosynthetic bacteria. Health-related microbiology in water supply and water management using recent innovative molecular biological tools is presented and health risk management is discussed. The practical application of wastewater treatment in developing countries, especially tropical countries is also reviewed. Researchers in the field of environmental engineering and applied microbiology, and practical engineers who wish to learn the most recent progress in the microbiological aspect of water and wastewater management, will find this book a useful tool.
Author: Changyong Wu
Author: Changyong Wu
Author: Changyong Wu
Author: Nigel J. Horan
Author: P. F. Strom
Author: Shengnan Xu
Author: Mogens Henze
Author: Felicity J. Appel
Author: Water Environment Federation
Author: Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
Author: T. Matsuo