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Author: Bradley M. Tebo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 4
Book Description
The interactions between bacteria and metals in the ocean are profoundly important both in environments with high levels of metals, such as hydrothermal vents, as well as in metal-poor oligotrophic environments. These represent the environmental extremes for metal concentrations. Metals affect primary productivity by both metal limitation of phytoplankton growth and by serving as a potential energy source for bacterial (autotrophic) growth. In addition, the highly charged surfaces of metal oxide particles, which, to a large extent, are microbially produced, govern much trace metal and organic geochemistry. The role these oxides surfaces play is evident both in hydrothermal vent plumes (which, because they are dispersed hundreds of kilometers away from venting sources, have a profound influence on the chemistry and ecology of the deep sea) as well as in the photic zone, where trace metals and organics are transported via metal oxides out of surface layer and through the water column (so called redox-mediated transport'). (SDW).
Author: Bradley M. Tebo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 4
Book Description
The interactions between bacteria and metals in the ocean are profoundly important both in environments with high levels of metals, such as hydrothermal vents, as well as in metal-poor oligotrophic environments. These represent the environmental extremes for metal concentrations. Metals affect primary productivity by both metal limitation of phytoplankton growth and by serving as a potential energy source for bacterial (autotrophic) growth. In addition, the highly charged surfaces of metal oxide particles, which, to a large extent, are microbially produced, govern much trace metal and organic geochemistry. The role these oxides surfaces play is evident both in hydrothermal vent plumes (which, because they are dispersed hundreds of kilometers away from venting sources, have a profound influence on the chemistry and ecology of the deep sea) as well as in the photic zone, where trace metals and organics are transported via metal oxides out of surface layer and through the water column (so called redox-mediated transport'). (SDW).
Author: Gregory J. Dick Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 190
Book Description
Manganese (Mn) oxides are highly reactive minerals that play an important role in elemental biogeochemical cycles, controlling the speciation and availability of many metals and organic compounds. Microbes catalyze the transformation of soluble Mn(II) into solid-phase Mn(III/IV) oxides, however the identity of the organisms responsible and mechanism of this biomineralization are unknown. Field work was carried out in deep-sea hydrothermal vent plumes at Guaymas Basin (GB) in the Gulf of California, where previous studies suggested that microbes play a major role in the oxidation precipitation of Mn. Mn(II) oxidation rates were measured using 54Mn as a radioactive tracer and were found to be the fastest ever recorded in a deep-sea hydrothermal plume. This rapid Mn(II) oxidation is catalyzed by microbial enzymes and is specific to the GB plume, suggesting that a distinct community of microbes is present in the plume compared to background deep-seawater. However, molecular methods revealed that there are only subtle differences in the microbial community in the plume versus background deep-seawater, indicating that the unique biogeochemistry of the plume is due to unique activities of plume microbes rather than unique types of plume microbes. Mn(II)-oxidizing isolates were not well represented in plume clone libraries, suggesting that the organisms responsible for Mn(II) oxidation in the plume have not yet been identified. Laboratory investigations of model Mn(II)-oxidizers in the lab further elucidated the mechanism of Mn(II) oxidation. The Mn-oxidizing enzyme from spores of a marine Bacillus species was partially purified and identified by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), providing a conclusive match to the protein MnxG, a multicopper oxidase. These results demonstrate that MnxG directly catalyzes the oxidation of Mn(II) to Mn(IV) oxides, a novel biochemical reaction for a multicopper oxidase. Genome sequence analysis of the Mn(II)-oxidizing [alpha]-proteobacterium strain SI85-9A1 provided genomic insights into Mn(II) oxidation. The genome encodes metabolic versatility, including pathways for heterotrophy, lithotrophy (on sulfur, methanol, CO), and authotrophy (via the Calvin cycle). Genes encoding the putative Mn(II) oxidase were identified and found to be widespread in completed proteobacterial genomes and in environmental datasets, suggesting that Mn(II) oxidation is more widespread that previously recognized.
Author: Liudmila L. Demina Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319413406 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 219
Book Description
This volume synthesizes the relevant data that is fundamental to our understanding of trace metal biogeochemistry and the ecology of biological communities of deep-sea vent systems. It presents the combined results of biological and geochemical research and analyzes the microdistribution of animals and the spatial structure of vent communities. Careful consideration is given to the export of iron and other trace metals from hydrothermal vents. The environmental conditions to be found in deep-sea hydrothermal community habitats, along with the trace metal behavior in biotope water are characterized and the sources and forms of trace metals taken up by dominant hydrothermal vent animals are discussed. Special attention is paid to the poorly investigated deep biosphere of the sub-seafloor igneous crust. The book is illustrated with a wealth of exceptional deep-sea photos taken by the manned submersible “Mir”, and a dedicated chapter focuses on the role of deep manned submersibles in ocean research. The book will be of interest to researchers and students in the fields of oceanography, geochemistry, biology, the environmental sciences and marine ecology.
Author: Open University Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080940773 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 131
Book Description
Marine Biogeochemical Cycles, the new edition of the Open University classic, Ocean Chemistry and Deep-Sea Sediments, provides a thorough introduction to the occurrence, distribution, and cycling of chemical elements in the ocean. Developed through years of testing in classrooms and distance courses, the book’s student-friendly layout, writing, and graphics make it ideal for beginning oceanography students, or for non-majors who need to meet their science requirements. It can be used alone, as a supplement, or in combination with other Open University titles in oceanography. This edition covers the basics on the occurrence, distribution, and cycling of chemical elements in the ocean. It has been revised to include updated content, enhanced graphics, and call-out boxes that provide additional explanations. After a brief introduction to sea-floor sediments, the book shows how the activities of marine organisms cycle nutrients and other dissolved constituents within the oceans and influence the rates at which sediments are formed. It goes on to review the carbonate system and shows how sediments may be transported, and what sediments have taught us about the history of the oceans. It also describes the biological and chemical processes that continue long after sediments have been deposited on the deep-sea floor. It features nearly 150 full-color photographs and illustrations with explanatory captions; most are completely new. Marine Biogeochemical Cycles will be a valuable resource for professionals as well as students of oceanography, specifically marine biogeochemistry. * Covers the basics on the occurrence, distribution, and cycling of chemical elements in the ocean * Features full-color photographs and beautiful illustrations throughout * Reader-friendly layout, writing, and graphics * Pedagogy includes chapter summaries, chapter questions with answers and comments at the end of the book; highlighted key terms; and boxed topics and explanations * Can be used alone, as a supplement, or in combination with other Open University titles in oceanography
Author: Astrid Sigel Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 082475199X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 352
Book Description
Metal Ions in Biological Systems is devoted to increasing our understanding of the relationship between the chemistry of metals and life processes. The volumes reflect the interdisciplinary nature of bioinorganic chemistry and coordinate the efforts of researchers in the fields of biochemistry, inorganic chemistry, coordination chemis
Author: H. Elderfield Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 9780080451015 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 668
Book Description
The Treatise on Geochemistry is the first work providing a comprehensive, integrated summary of the present state of geochemistry. It deals with all the major subjects in the field, ranging from the chemistry of the solar system to environmental geochemistry. The Treatise on Geochemistry has drawn on the expertise of outstanding scientists throughout the world, creating the reference work in geochemistry for the next decade. Each volume consists of fifteen to twenty-five chapters written by recognized authorities in their fields, and chosen by the Volume Editors in consultation with the Executive Editors. Particular emphasis has been placed on integrating the subject matter of the individual chapters and volumes. Elsevier also offers the Treatise on Geochemistry in electronic format via the online platform ScienceDirect, the most comprehensive database of academic research on the Internet today, enhanced by a suite of sophisticated linking, searching and retrieval tools.
Author: David M. Karl Publisher: Springer ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 328
Book Description
The Microbiology of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents is the first comprehensive treatment of the microbiology of these unusual deep-sea ecosystems. It includes information on microbial biodiversity, ecology, physiology, and the origin of life. It is the first volume available on the subject. All chapters are written by leaders in their respective fields who have made substantial contributions to the current understanding of these novel deep-sea habitats. Much of the book's material is entirely new and forward looking. Individual chapters examine the geologic setting and chemistry of deep-sea hydrothermal vents, growth at high temperatures, microbe-metal interactions and mineral deposition, stable isotopes, and more. This reference presents a unique interdisciplinary approach to the study of hydrothermal vents. Because of its thorough coverage of the subject, the book will continue to be a valuable resource for researchers in this field for the next decade.
Author: Bradley M. Tebo
Author: Bradley M. Tebo
Author: Gregory J. Dick
Author: Liudmila L. Demina
Author: Carmen Aguilar Díaz
Author: John Stanislaus Roitz
Author: Kiran Bala
Author: Open University
Author: Astrid Sigel
Author: H. Elderfield
Author: David M. Karl