Biochemical Physics and Biodeterioration PDF Download

Author: Stefan Jakub Kubica
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788363555047
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 292

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Author: Sergeĭ Dmitrievich Varfolomeev
Publisher: Nova Publishers
ISBN: 9781600214257
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 148

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Book Description
This book presents recent research in Chemical and Biochemical physics. Chemical physics addresses a large range of problems. An effective chemical physicist is a jack-of-all-trades, able to apply the principles and techniques of the field to everything from high-tech materials to biology. Just as the fields of chemistry and physics have expanded, so have chemical physics subject areas, which include polymers, materials, surfaces/interfaces, and biological macromolecules, along with the traditional small molecule and condensed phase systems. Biochemical Physics is a science that joins the three natural sciences biology, chemistry and physics into one comprehensive study. N.M. Emanuel pioneered this science over fifty years ago. This book presents papers, written by Emanuel's students, that reveal recent developments in this interesting field.

Author: Colin Ratledge
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401116873
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 598

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Book Description
Life on the planet depends on microbial activity. The recycling of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, oxygen, phosphate and all the other elements that constitute living matter are continuously in flux: microorganisms participate in key steps in these processes and without them life would cease within a few short years. The comparatively recent advent of man-made chemicals has now challenged the environment: where degradation does not occur, accumulation must perforce take place. Surprisingly though, even the most recalcitrant of molecules are gradually broken down and very few materials are truly impervious to microbial attack. Microorganisms, by their rapid growth rates, have the most rapid turn-over of their DNA of all living cells. Consequently they can evolve altered genes and therefore produce novel enzymes for handling "foreign" compounds - the xenobiotics - in a manner not seen with such effect in other organisms. Evolution, with the production of micro-organisms able to degrade molecules hitherto intractable to breakdown, is therefore a continuing event. Now, through the agency of genetic manipulation, it is possible to accelerate this process of natural evolution in a very directed manner. The time-scale before a new microorganism emerges that can utilize a recalcitrant molecule has now been considerably shortened by the application of well-understood genetic principles into microbiology. However, before these principles can be successfully used, it is essential that we understand the mechanism by which molecules are degraded, otherwise we shall not know where best to direct these efforts.

Author: Christine Lors
Publisher:
ISBN: 9782759822003
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 414

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Book Description
This multidisciplinary book is the result of a collective work synthesizing presentations made by various specialists during the CNRS «BIODEMAT» school, which took place in October 2014 in La Rochelle (France). It is designed for readers of a range of scientific specialties (chemistry, biology, physics, etc.) and examines various industrial problems (e.g., water, sewerage and maintaining building materials). Metallic, cementitious, polymeric and composite materials age depending on their service and operational environments. In such cases, the presence of microorganisms can lead to biodeterioration. However, microorganisms can also help protect structures, provided their immense possibilities are mastered and put to good use. This book is divided into five themes related to biocolonization, material biodeterioration, and potential improvements to such materials resulting in better performance levels with respect to biodeterioration: - physical chemistry of surfaces; - biofilm implication in biodeterioration; - biocorrosion of metallic materials; - biodeterioration of non-metallic materials; - design and modification of materials. The affiliations of the authors of the various chapters illustrate the synergy between academic research and its transfer to industry. This demonstrates the essential interaction between the various actors in this complex field: analysing, understanding, and responding to the scientific issues related to biodeterioration.

Author: Gerald C. Llewellyn
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475794533
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 677

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Book Description
Once again the present volume contains the majority of the papers presented at the Third Pan-American Biodeterioration Society Meeting held at The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA, on August 3, 4, 5, and 6, 1989. The sponsors for this symposium included The George Washington University, The Smithsonian Institution, The Virginia Department of Health, The University of Connecticut, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Clark Atlanta University, Ball State University, the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, the Agriculture Research Service/U. S. Department of Agriculture, the University of Georgia, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Morehouse College, the University of Texas at Houston, North Carolina State University, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the Forest Service/U.S. Department of Agriculture. The program was developed by members of the Program, Planning, and Organizing Committee. Leading scientists in specific topic areas were invited. Also we accepted contributed papers from individuals and laboratories actively involved in relevant areas of research and study. The participation of internationally established scientists was encouraged. The Society CPABS) tried to ensure that the program reflected current developments, informed reviews, embryonic and developing areas, and critical assessment for several aspects of the present state of knowledge as it relates to the major sections of the proceedings. Obviously, not all aspects of biodeterioration or biodegradation are represented.

Author: John D. Bultman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Termites
Languages : en
Pages : 116

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Author: J. A. V. Butler
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483149889
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 375

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Progress in Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Volume 12, provides an overview of the state of knowledge in biophysics and biological chemistry. The book begins with a study on cell division synchronization. This is followed by separate chapters on the biology and function of the nucleolus; the nature of ribosomes and their involvement in protein synthesis; taste receptor stimulation; and the various methods developed for quantitative estimation of the amount of dye deposited in a stained preparation as well as some of the associated theoretical and practical implications. Subsequent chapters deal with the preparation, fractionation, physical properties, analysis, and functions of histones; and the use of tritium labelled DNA precursors in autoradiography.

Author: Robert John Koestler
Publisher: Metropolitan Museum of Art
ISBN: 1588391078
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 574

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Book Description
Despite the perception that artworks are timeless and unchanging, they are actually subject to biological attack from a variety of sources--from bacteria to fungi to insects. This groundbreaking volume, which publishes the proceedings of a conference held at The Metropolitan Museum of Art in 2002, explores how the development of these organisms can be arrested while preserving both the work of art and the health of the conservator.The richly illustrated text, containing the writings of over 40 scientists and conservators, is divided into sections on stone and mural paintings, paper, textiles, wood and archaeological materials, treatment and prevention, and special topics. The artworks and cultural properties discussed include, among many others, Paleolithic cave paintings, Tiffany drawings, huts built by early Antarctic explorers, and a collection of toothbrushes taken from Auschwitz victims.

Author: Hanna Szczepanowska
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3036520945
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 188

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Book Description
Fungi-induced stains on paper are one of the most challenging forms of biodeterioration to study and to prevent; this is because they involve living organisms, and the ways in which fungi respond to changes in the environment and modifications of paper are unpredictable. Yet, there is a great desire among those who encounter fungi on documents, manuscripts, or artwork to remove fungi and clean the paper. This experience in most cases is particularly challenging. What are the reasons behind this challenge? This ground-breaking book attempts to answer this question, among others, by exploring the complex interfacial forces between paper, fungi, and their pigmented secretions which result in bio-stains on paper. Black fungi, collectively referred to as Dematiaceous fungi, were used in this study as a subset of pigment-producing fungi species. The focus is on two, under-studied aspects of the fungi infestation of paper, an interface of fungal pigments and paper, and the impact of light on the production of fungi bio-stains. The results of analytical testing included in this book elucidate the synergistic interactions between the environment, biological clocks of the microorganisms, and secretion of fungal pigments to paper. The black fungal pigment formation is explored in-depth in two scenarios: one that is ‘natural’, when the bio-stains of original artworks have occurred over time by chance, and another, induced by Aspergillus niger, in bio-simulation on known papers in a controlled environment. The findings are intended to provide guidance for preservation strategies, mitigating the biodeterioration of paper, and designing conservation treatment when applicable. The surface of artworks and artifacts is of great aesthetic and artistic importance; conversely, it plays a significant role in governing fungal attachments. In this book, the paper surface is characterized in detail and in correlation with chemical and physical alterations caused by fungal pigmentation. A broad range of analytical instruments was used for surface characterization, such as surface metrology profilometers, a confocal laser scanning microscope, and environmental scanning electron microscope; chemical microanalysis was carried out using X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. The novel, three-dimensional characterization of pigmented fungal inclusions and their interaction with paper matrix was studied with micro-X-ray-computed micro-tomography on the synchrotron ESRF. The proposed book is the first to explore the complexity of fungal–paper interactions with the intention to assist professionals working with cultural materials, especially paper-based materials, to make informed decisions when dealing with the fungi infestation of paper.

Author: Sergeĭ Dmitrievich Varfolomeev
Publisher: Nova Publishers
ISBN: 9781600214639
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 142

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Book Description
This book presents recent research in chemical and biochemical physics. Chemical physics addresses a large range of problems. An effective chemical physicist is a "jack-of-all-trades", able to apply the principles and techniques of the field to everything from high-tech materials to biology. Just as the fields of chemistry and physics have expanded, so have chemical physics subject areas, which include polymers, materials, surfaces/interfaces, and biological macromolecules, along with the traditional small molecule and condensed phase systems. Biochemical physics is a science that joins the three natural sciences (biology, chemistry and physics) into one comprehensive study. N.M. Emanuel pioneered this science over fifty years ago. This book brings together papers written by Emanuel's students, which reveal recent developments in this interesting field.