Belarus PDF Download

Author:
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821339763
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 258

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Book Description
This study updates the findings of a 1994 study on how the concepts of women in development and gender have evolved within the World Bank, and how Bank policies and lending reflect these concepts. Drawing from documentation including project documents, economic and sector work, and OED evaluations, this study analyzes the overall quality of lending in Fiscal 1994-95 for gender integration, compares it with that of complete projects, and reviews recent economic and sector work and country assistance strategies. The update calls for actions to ensure that gender concerns are addressed in ongoing work on social assessments, performance indicators, and guidance for implementation completion reports.

Author: International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484333284
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 88

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Book Description
The paper considers the relatively low level of diversification of Belarusian exports relative to peers, and barriers to higher export potential. Belarus faces different trade regimes vis-à-vis its largest trading partner, Russia, in the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU); and its second-largest, the European Union (EU). The paper discusses tariff and nontariff barriers within the EEU; the more restrictive trade relations with the EU; and other potential barriers to trade, including logistics and limited trade facilitation. WTO accession would help improve export competitiveness. Further EEU integration could also boost trade potential, but with the attendant risk that trading links become more concentrated rather than diversified. Belarus’s largest revealed comparative advantages are in areas where it is difficult to move into new products. Belarus’s trade patterns are significantly more concentrated than those of peer countries. Belarus has lowered tariffs in recent years, including in the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU).

Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451805047
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 144

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Book Description
In pursuing their economic policy, the authorities have taken advantage of the existence of excess industrial capacity and have relied on price and exchange controls in an attempt to contain inflation pressures. In spite of strong financial support, agriculture performed poorly during 1998, as a result of inclement weather conditions, lack of financial incentives to producers, and aging harvesting equipment. Industrial production expanded at an annual rate of 10 percent, and investment, at a rate of 51/2 percent.

Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1475503814
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 18

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Book Description
This Selected Issues Paper presents an analysis of Belarus-specific conditions and cross-country research, and proposes a roadmap for real-sector reforms. It highlights distortions resulting from the government’s interference in the economy, and presents an overview of economic benefits of deregulation, labor market liberalization, and enterprise reform. The paper also provides estimates of potential gains for Belarus from conducting structural reforms, and offers a blueprint for restructuring while minimizing the risks of resource dislocation.

Author: Matthew Frear
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 113500840X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 229

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Book Description
This book explores the nature of the regime of Aliaksandr Lukashenka, who has ruled Belarus since 1994, and who is often characterized as "the last dictator in Europe". It discusses how Lukashenka came to power, providing a survey of politics in Belarus in early post-Soviet times, examines how power became personalized under his regime, and considers how he coerced opponents, whilst maintaining good popular support. The book discusses all aspects of politics, including presidential power, the ruling elites, elections, the opposition, and civil society. The author characterizes Lukashenka’s rule as "adaptive authoritarianism", and demonstrates how the regime’s avoidance of any ideology, even nationalism, permits great freedom of manoeuvre, enabling pragmatic adaptation to changing circumstances.

Author: The World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464821089
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 126

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Book Description
Economic activity in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region is expected to remain resilient but slow this year as a weaker global economy, slowdown in China, and lower commodity prices weigh on the region's growth outlook. Regional growth is likely to drop to 2.8 percent in 2024, following substantial strengthening to 3.3 percent last year because of a shift from contraction to expansion in the Russian Federation and war-hit Ukraine, and a more robust recovery in Central Asia. Regional output growth is projected to moderate further to 2.6 percent in 2025. The outlook faces multiple headwinds. A slower-than-expected recovery in key trading partners, restrictive monetary policies, and exacerbation of geopolitical developments could further dampen growth across the region. Weak productivity growth in ECA in the recent decade has resulted in a sharp slowdown in income convergence with advanced economies. Fundamental drivers of productivity growth, including progress in advancing institutional and market reforms, technology adoption, and innovation, are key for enabling private sector-led growth. Boosting business dynamism in ECA will require addressing several challenges, including upgrading the competitive environment, reducing state involvement in the economy, dramatically boosting the quality of education, and strengthening the availability of finance. While meeting these challenges will look different across countries, addressing them is an essential condition to achieve stronger economic growth and overcome the middle-income trap.

Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1463903006
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 58

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Book Description
Belarus was experiencing an economic crisis after the expiration of a Stand-By Arrangement in March 2010. Its policies were loosened significantly, and consequently the account deficit increased and pressure on reserves intensified. The authorities agreed with the Eurasian Economic Community’s Anti-Crisis Fund (ACF), which announced measures including tightening of macroeconomic policies and structural reforms. Executive Directors urged the authorities to restore external stability through further fiscal and monetary policy tightening. Directors stressed that the financial support will require demonstrated commitment to strong policies and structural reforms.

Author: Vitali Silitski
Publisher: Scarecrow Press
ISBN: 1461731747
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 471

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Book Description
The political map of Eastern Europe changed dramatically in December 1991 when the leaders of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine huddled together in a Bielavieza Forest retreat and decided to dissolve the 15 union republics, which composed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). One of those republics was the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR). A United Nations member since 1945, Belarus has a rich cultural heritage that is seen as a promising base for the development of a solid national identity and for real independence. It is this cultural heritage and sense of history that nourish the ongoing efforts of the nationalist minority, as well as the larger democratic opposition, to resist the regime of President Alaksandr Luka?enka who is bent on restoring ties to Russia. Thus Belarus, with its burdens of the past and potential for the future, finds itself in a struggle that will affect not only its own destiny, but also the international structure of Eastern Europe. The A to Z of Belarus—through its chronology, introductory essays, appendixes, map, bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on important persons, places, events, and institutions and significant political, economic, social, and cultural aspects—traces Belarus' history and provides a compass for the direction the country is heading.

Author: D. Lane
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0230627579
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 287

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Book Description
This book sets the experiences of former communist countries as they head towards capitalism against the 'varieties of capitalism' paradigm, and provides a framework for comparing transformation processes, demonstrating how differing heritages of communist and pre-communist pasts are leading to different kinds of capitalist economies.

Author: Margarita M. Balmaceda
Publisher: GMB Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 1905050836
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 58

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Book Description
Belarus relies on Russia for about 85% of its total energy needs, while Russia needs Belarus' oil and gas pipelines to export its supplies to Western Europe. How will energy exports from Russia and Belarus' transit capabilities impact Western Europe if this interdependent relationship ends, either through political changes in Belarus or if Russia ends its energy subsidies to Belarus? This report looks at transit, infrastructure and investment issues and analyzes both the state of the current infrastructure, as well as the possibilities this transit opens to Western investors, particularly as the Yamal Pipeline nears completion. In addition, it looks at the current conflict between Belarus and Russian investors for control of the country's gas transit system and oil refineries. This series of reports establishes for the first time the confluence of Russian foreign policy with the acquisition of foreign energy assets by Russian entities. Nine specific country profiles focus on the oil, gas, electricity and nuclear power industries. Each report written by an author of international standing, explains how Russian foreign energy downstream mergers and acquisitions are transpiring to consolidate the new Russian empire.