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Author: Tyler Goerge Publisher: ISBN: Category : Lizards Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Climate change is creating novel thermal environments worldwide. The alteration of thermal niches is especially challenging for ectotherms due to their reliance on body temperature for nearly all aspects of organismal performance. Characterizing the relationships between performance and temperature is therefore critical in predicting how ectotherm species and populations will persist in rapidly changing and challenging environments. To do so, scientists often characterize thermal traits with respect to aspects of physiological performance. In challenging environments, organisms will use behavioral adjustments to either enhance heating or avoid overheating. Behavior also influences many critical aspects of ecology and ultimately fitness. However, despite its ecological relevance and underlying physiological basis, behavior has largely been ignored in analyses pertaining to altered thermal niches. This dissertation explores multiple relationships between temperature and behavior in the ornate tree lizard, Urosaurus ornatus. As different species cope with novel thermal environments, elucidating the nature of these relationships will provide insight into how species may navigate altered thermal niches from both behavioral and physiological perspectives. First, I investigate the thermal sensitivity of push-up display rate, a social communication behavior utilized by U. ornatus. Display rate is influenced by an interaction between body temperature and microhabitat use, where body temperature influences display rate in different directions and magnitudes depending on the microhabitat from which the lizard displays from. Second, I quantify how thermoregulatory behavior is influenced by the presence of conspecifics. Social interactions with individuals of multiple sexes and color morphs result in individual lizards adjusting their selected body temperatures to varying degrees. Third, I assess covariation of behavioral and thermal preference traits between color morphs. Dominant male morphs are bolder, more exploratory, and prefer higher body temperatures than subordinate morphs, which helps explain habitat use variation observed between the two groups. Last, I quantify the influence of heat stress on boldness behavior. When lizards undergo a heat hardening response, a cellular mechanism that temporarily increases thermal tolerance in response to unfavorable environmental conditions, they also increase boldness expression, which could influence the adaptive potential of heat hardening as a response to heat stress. Together, this dissertation documents a suite of behavioral traits that mediate how a model species interacts with its environment. Assessing relationships between these phenotypes and temperature provides novel insight into how rising temperatures and altered thermal niches attributed to climate change may influence behavioral expression, social structure, and survival.
Author: Tyler Goerge Publisher: ISBN: Category : Lizards Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Climate change is creating novel thermal environments worldwide. The alteration of thermal niches is especially challenging for ectotherms due to their reliance on body temperature for nearly all aspects of organismal performance. Characterizing the relationships between performance and temperature is therefore critical in predicting how ectotherm species and populations will persist in rapidly changing and challenging environments. To do so, scientists often characterize thermal traits with respect to aspects of physiological performance. In challenging environments, organisms will use behavioral adjustments to either enhance heating or avoid overheating. Behavior also influences many critical aspects of ecology and ultimately fitness. However, despite its ecological relevance and underlying physiological basis, behavior has largely been ignored in analyses pertaining to altered thermal niches. This dissertation explores multiple relationships between temperature and behavior in the ornate tree lizard, Urosaurus ornatus. As different species cope with novel thermal environments, elucidating the nature of these relationships will provide insight into how species may navigate altered thermal niches from both behavioral and physiological perspectives. First, I investigate the thermal sensitivity of push-up display rate, a social communication behavior utilized by U. ornatus. Display rate is influenced by an interaction between body temperature and microhabitat use, where body temperature influences display rate in different directions and magnitudes depending on the microhabitat from which the lizard displays from. Second, I quantify how thermoregulatory behavior is influenced by the presence of conspecifics. Social interactions with individuals of multiple sexes and color morphs result in individual lizards adjusting their selected body temperatures to varying degrees. Third, I assess covariation of behavioral and thermal preference traits between color morphs. Dominant male morphs are bolder, more exploratory, and prefer higher body temperatures than subordinate morphs, which helps explain habitat use variation observed between the two groups. Last, I quantify the influence of heat stress on boldness behavior. When lizards undergo a heat hardening response, a cellular mechanism that temporarily increases thermal tolerance in response to unfavorable environmental conditions, they also increase boldness expression, which could influence the adaptive potential of heat hardening as a response to heat stress. Together, this dissertation documents a suite of behavioral traits that mediate how a model species interacts with its environment. Assessing relationships between these phenotypes and temperature provides novel insight into how rising temperatures and altered thermal niches attributed to climate change may influence behavioral expression, social structure, and survival.
Author: Jonathan B. Losos Publisher: Univ of California Press ISBN: 0520269845 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 528
Book Description
"In a book both beautifully illustrated and deeply informative, Jonathan Losos, a leader in evolutionary ecology, celebrates and analyzes the diversity of the natural world that the fascinating anoline lizards epitomize. Readers who are drawn to nature by its beauty or its intellectual challenges—or both—will find his book rewarding."—Douglas J. Futuyma, State University of New York, Stony Brook "This book is destined to become a classic. It is scholarly, informative, stimulating, and highly readable, and will inspire a generation of students."—Peter R. Grant, author of How and Why Species Multiply: The Radiation of Darwin's Finches "Anoline lizards experienced a spectacular adaptive radiation in the dynamic landscape of the Caribbean islands. The radiation has extended over a long period of time and has featured separate radiations on the larger islands. Losos, the leading active student of these lizards, presents an integrated and synthetic overview, summarizing the enormous and multidimensional research literature. This engaging book makes a wonderful example of an adaptive radiation accessible to all, and the lavish illustrations, especially the photographs, make the anoles come alive in one's mind."—David Wake, University of California, Berkeley "This magnificent book is a celebration and synthesis of one of the most eventful adaptive radiations known. With disarming prose and personal narrative Jonathan Losos shows how an obsession, beginning at age ten, became a methodology and a research plan that, together with studies by colleagues and predecessors, culminated in many of the principles we now regard as true about the origins and maintenance of biodiversity. This work combines rigorous analysis and glorious natural history in a unique volume that stands with books by the Grants on Darwin's finches among the most informed and engaging accounts ever written on the evolution of a group of organisms in nature."—Dolph Schluter, author of The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation
Author: David O. Norris Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0443160236 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 398
Book Description
Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates, Volume 3: Reptiles is the third of five second-edition volumes representing a comprehensive and integrated overview of hormones and reproduction in fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. The book includes coverage of endocrinology, neuroendocrinology, physiology, behavior, and anatomy of reptilian reproduction. It provides a broad treatment of the roles of pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and gonadal hormones in all aspects of reproduction, as well as descriptions of major life history events. New to this edition is a concluding assessment of the effect of environmental influences on reptiles. Initial chapters in this book broadly examine sex determination, reproductive neuroendocrinology, stress, and hormonal regulation as it relates to testicular and ovarian function. Subsequent chapters examine hormones and reproduction of specific taxa, including turtles, crocodilians, lizards, and snakes. The book concludes with an examination of endocrine disruption of reproduction in reptiles. Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates, Volume 3: Reptiles is designed to provide a readable, coordinated description of reproductive basics in reptiles, as well as an introduction to the latest trends in reproductive research and a presentation of our understanding of reproductive events gained over the past decade. It may serve as a stand-alone reference for researchers and practitioners in the field of herpetology or as one of five coordinated references aligned to provide topical treatment across vertebrate taxa for researchers, practitioners, and students focused on vertebrate endocrinology. - Covers endocrinology, neuroendocrinology, physiology, behavior, and anatomy of reptile reproduction - Includes pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and gonadal hormones - Focuses on turtles, crocodilians, lizards, and snakes - Provides new coverage on environmental influences on reptiles
Author: Michael J. Angilletta Jr. Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0191547204 Category : Science Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Temperature profoundly impacts both the phenotypes and distributions of organisms. These thermal effects exert strong selective pressures on behaviour, physiology and life history when environmental temperatures vary over space and time. Despite temperature's significance, progress toward a quantitative theory of thermal adaptation has lagged behind empirical descriptions of patterns and processes. In this book, the author draws on theory from the more general discipline of evolutionary ecology to establish a framework for interpreting empirical studies of thermal biology. This novel synthesis of theoretical and empirical work generates new insights about the process of thermal adaptation and points the way towards a more general theory. The threat of rapid climatic change on a global scale provides a stark reminder of the challenges that remain for thermal biologists and adds a sense of urgency to this book's mission. Thermal Adaptation will benefit anyone who seeks to understand the relationship between environmental variation and phenotypic evolution. The book focuses on quantitative evolutionary models at the individual, population and community levels, and successfully integrates this theory with modern empirical approaches. By providing a synthetic overview of evolutionary thermal biology, this accessible text will appeal to both graduate students and established researchers in the fields of comparative, ecological, and evolutionary physiology. It will also interest the broader audience of professional ecologists and evolutionary biologists who require a comprehensive review of this topic, as well as those researchers working on the applied problems of regional and global climate change.
Author: Ian C. W. Hardy Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1107244390 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 385
Book Description
Contests are an important aspect of the lives of diverse animals, from sea anemones competing for space on a rocky shore to fallow deer stags contending for access to females. Why do animals fight? What determines when fights stop and which contestant wins? Addressing fundamental questions on contest behaviour, this volume presents theoretical and empirical perspectives across a range of species. The historical development of contest research, the evolutionary theory of both dyadic and multiparty contests, and approaches to experimental design and data analysis are discussed in the first chapters. This is followed by reviews of research in key animal taxa, from the use of aerial displays and assessment rules in butterflies and the developmental biology of weapons in beetles, through to interstate warfare in humans. The final chapter considers future directions and applications of contest research, making this a comprehensive resource for both graduate students and researchers in the field.
Author: Vincent Bels Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0429640722 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 427
Book Description
Key features: Presents a contemporary snapshot of the mechanisms underlying the evolution and adaptation of behavior Explores how genetics, epigenetics, development, and environment shape behavior Discusses a broad range of behavioral repertoires and responses, including those related to thermoregulatory, foraging, predatory, displaying, social and escape strategies. Examines physiological and sensory mechanisms Covers the effects of various aspects of global change on behavior, with chapters that focus on the impacts of climate change on hydroregulatory behavior and behavioral responses to the effects of habitat alteration resulting from human-mediated change and colonization by invasive species. Lizards serve as focal organisms for many of biological questions related to evolution, ecology, physiology, and morphology. They are studied at multiple spatial and temporal scales, from the individual to the community level. This book, authored by expert contributors from around the world, explores behaviors underlying the evolution and adaptation of these organisms. It covers conceptual, empirical, and methodological approaches to the understanding of the role that natural and sexual selection play in molding the behavioral traits of lizards. This thorough, illustrated reference should stimulate discussion of the conceptual and methodological approaches for studying the behavioral traits of these fascinating and highly diverse vertebrates.
Author: David M. Hunt Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1461443555 Category : Medical Languages : fr Pages : 278
Book Description
Photopigments are molecules that react to light and mediate a number of processes and behaviours in animals. Visual pigments housed within the photoreceptors of the eye, such as the rods and cones in vertebrates are the best known, however, visual pigments are increasingly being found in other tissues, including other retinal cells, the skin and the brain. Other closely related molecules from the G protein family, such as melanopsin mediate light driven processes including circadian rhythmicity and pupil constriction. This Volume examines the enormous diversity of visual pigments and traces the evolution of these G protein coupled receptors in both invertebrates and vertebrates in the context of the visual and non-visual demands dictated by a species’ ecological niche.
Author: Tyler Goerge
Author: Tyler Goerge
Author: 
Author: Jonathan B. Losos
Author: David O. Norris
Author: Michael J. Angilletta Jr.
Author: Josep Call
Author: Ian C. W. Hardy
Author: Vincent Bels
Author: David M. Hunt
Author: Yasuhiko Sagara