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Author: Cagri Ozgur Publisher: ISBN: Category : Bridges Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This thesis investigates the strength behavior of a representative highly skewed and horizontally curved bridge as well as analysis and design procedures for these types of structures. The bridge responses at and above a number of limits in the AASHTO (2007) Specifications are considered. The study includes the evaluation of various attributes of the elastic analysis of the subject bridge. These attributes include: (1) the accuracy of 3-D grid versus 3-D FEA models, (2) first-order versus second-order effects during the construction, (3) the ability to predict layover at bearing lines using simplified equations and (4) the benefit of combining the maximum and concurrent major-axis and flange lateral bending values due to live load compared to combining the maximums due to different live loads when checking the section resistances. The study also addresses the ability of different AASHTO 2007 resistance equations to capture the ultimate strength behavior. This is accomplished by comparing the results from full nonlinear 3-D FEA studies to the elastic design and analysis results. Specifically the use of the 2007 AASHTO moment based one-third rule equations is evaluated for composite sections in positive bending.
Author: Cagri Ozgur Publisher: ISBN: Category : Bridges Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This thesis investigates the strength behavior of a representative highly skewed and horizontally curved bridge as well as analysis and design procedures for these types of structures. The bridge responses at and above a number of limits in the AASHTO (2007) Specifications are considered. The study includes the evaluation of various attributes of the elastic analysis of the subject bridge. These attributes include: (1) the accuracy of 3-D grid versus 3-D FEA models, (2) first-order versus second-order effects during the construction, (3) the ability to predict layover at bearing lines using simplified equations and (4) the benefit of combining the maximum and concurrent major-axis and flange lateral bending values due to live load compared to combining the maximums due to different live loads when checking the section resistances. The study also addresses the ability of different AASHTO 2007 resistance equations to capture the ultimate strength behavior. This is accomplished by comparing the results from full nonlinear 3-D FEA studies to the elastic design and analysis results. Specifically the use of the 2007 AASHTO moment based one-third rule equations is evaluated for composite sections in positive bending.
Author: Jason Clarence Stith Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 660
Book Description
The majority of a bridge designer's time is spent ensuring strength and serviceability limit states are satisfied for the completed structure under various dead and live loads. Anecdotally, the profession has done an admirable job designing safe bridges, but engineering the construction process by which bridges get built plays a lesser role in the design offices. The result of this oversight is the complete collapse of a few large bridges as well as numerous other serviceability failures during construction. According to the available literature there have been only a few attempts to monitor a full-scale bridge in the field during the entire construction process. Another challenge for engineers is the lack of analysis tools available which predict the behavior of the bridge during the intermediate construction phases. During construction, partial bracing is present and the boundary conditions can vary significantly from the final bridge configuration. The challenge is magnified for complex bridge geometries such as curved bridges or bridges with skewed supports. To address some of the concerns facing engineers a three span curved steel I-girder bridge was monitored throughout the entire construction process. Field studies collected data on the girder lifting behavior, partially constructed behavior, and concrete deck placement behavior. Additional analytical studies followed using the field measurements to verify the finite element models. Finally, conclusions drawn from the physical and analytical testing were utilized to derive equations that predicted behavior, and analysis tools were developed to provide engineers with solutions to a wide range of construction related problems. This dissertation describes the development of two design tools, UT Lift and UT Bridge. UT Lift is a macro-enabled Excel spreadsheet that predicts the behavior of curved I-girders during lifting. The derivation of the equations necessary to accomplish these calculations and the implementation are described in this dissertation. UT Bridge is a PC-based, user-friendly, 3-D finite element program for I-girder bridges. The basic design philosophy of UT Bridge aims to allow an engineer to take the information readily available in a set of bridge drawings and easily input the necessary information into the program. A straight or curved I-girder bridge with any number of girders or spans can then be analyzed with a robust finite element analysis for either the erection sequence or the concrete deck placement. The development of UT Bridge as well as the necessary element formulations is provided in this dissertation.
Author: Publisher: Transportation Research Board ISBN: 0309258391 Category : Curves in engineering Languages : en Pages : 199
Book Description
"TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 725: Guidelines for Analysis Methods and Construction Engineering of Curved and Skewed Steel Girder Bridges offers guidance on the appropriate level of analysis needed to determine the constructability and constructed geometry of curved and skewed steel girder bridges. When appropriate in lieu of a 3D analysis, the guidelines also introduce improvements to 1D and 2D analyses that require little additional computational costs."--Publication information.
Author: Daniel Gattner Linzell Publisher: ISBN: Category : Bending stresses Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The effects of design, fabrication, and construction on the geometry and load distribution in a curved or skewed bridge system are areas in which further study and understanding are required. This project utilized remote acquisition capabilities for instruments on two structures in the Interstate 99 corridor: a horizontally curved, steel, I-girder bridge, and a skewed, prestressed, concrete bridge. Data obtained from these structures were examined and the numerical model accuracy for curved and skewed, steel, I-girder bridges and select appropriate model types and software was investigated. Parametric studies were undertaken on a group of representative curved and skewed steel bridge structures to numerically examine the influence of specific variables on behavior during construction. Results enabled the identification of preferred erection sequencing approaches.
Author: Daniel Gattner Linzell Publisher: ISBN: Category : Bending stresses Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The effects of design, fabrication, and construction on the geometry and load distribution in a curved or skewed bridge system are areas in which further study and understanding are required. This project utilized remote acquisition capabilities for instruments on two structures in the Interstate 99 corridor: a horizontally curved, steel, I-girder bridge, and a skewed, prestressed, concrete bridge. Data obtained from these structures were examined and the numerical model accuracy for curved and skewed, steel, I-girder bridges and select appropriate model types and software was investigated. Parametric studies were undertaken on a group of representative curved and skewed steel bridge structures to numerically examine the influence of specific variables on behavior during construction. Results enabled the identification of preferred erection sequencing approaches.
Author: Telmo Andres Sanchez Publisher: ISBN: Category : Bridges Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The construction of horizontally curved bridges with skewed supports requires careful consideration. These types of bridges exhibit three-dimensional response characteristics that are not commonly seen in straight bridges with normal supports. As a result, engineers may face difficulties during the construction, when the components of the bridge do not fit together or the final geometry of the structure does not correspond to that intended by the designer. These complications can lead to problems that compromise the serviceability aspects of the bridge and in some cases, its structural integrity. : The three dimensional response that curved and skewed bridges exhibit is directly influenced by the bracing system used to configure the structure. In I-girder bridges, cross-frames are provided to integrate the structure, transforming the individual girders into a structural system that can support larger loads than when the girders work separately. In general, they facilitate the construction of the structure. However, they can also induce undesired collateral effects that can be a detriment to the performance of the system. These effects must be considered in the design of a curved and skewed bridge because, in some cases, they can modify substantially its response.
Author: Muayad Whyib Aldoori Publisher: Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada ISBN: 9780612942684 Category : Languages : en Pages : 538
Book Description
Horizontally curved girder bridges have been used considerably in recent years in highly congested urban areas. However, although significant research on physical testing and advanced analysis has been underway for the past decade, the practical employment of many recommendations has not been achieved by the engineering community nor have standards reflecting this work been brought into practice. The design process of curved composite bridges involves tracking the stresses and the potential failure change in the girders during erection, construction and service loading stages. For structural safety and serviceability, the designer estimates the stresses induced within the bridge and assure that they do not exceed the applicable specified limit state as required in bridge design standards. However, the designer may be concerned about the level of approximation that is used in his estimate or even the applicability of the underlying theory. To answer this question and provide the designer with more insight into the behavior of the curved bridges, the field testing during construction and service loading of a curved bridge located near Baltimore, Maryland is re-examined here using linear elastic three-dimensional finite element modeling. Comparisons are made between the finite element results and the measured results. Finally, to facilitate the finite element modeling effort for use by a designer, ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL) capabilities are used here to develop an analysis/design tool for "Bath-Tub" style curved steel girder bridges. This tool is then used to evaluate the effects of several important design variables on the response and behavior of the girders during the construction phase. This study demonstrates the ability of finite element modeling to assess the stiffness, serviceability performance, buckling behavior and ultimate strength of curved bridges during construction and it is a major step towards a performance based approach to design for stability. The level of safety or reliability that would be available during the erection and the construction processes of horizontally curved girder bridges represents another major concern for the designer. A three span continuous curved box girder bridge in Houston, Texas is used in this study as an example reflecting current detailing and fabricating practice and it is chosen for a detailed evaluation of the structural safety/reliability during the erection and construction process. This task involves simulating the girder erection and concrete slab placement sequence of the bridge using comprehensive nonlinear three dimensional finite element modeling.
Author: Lowell Greimann Publisher: ISBN: Category : Bridges Languages : en Pages : 274
Book Description
"Nationally, there are questions regarding the design, fabrication, and erection of horizontally curved steel girder bridges due to unpredicted girder displacements, fit-up, and locked-in stresses. One reason for the concerns is that up to one-quarter of steel girder bridges are being designed with horizontal curvature. There is also an urgent need to reduce bridge maintenance costs by eliminating or reducing deck joints, which can be achieved by expanding the use of integral abutments to include curved girder bridges. However, the behavior of horizontally curved bridges with integral abutments during thermal loading is not well known nor understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavior of horizontal curved bridges with integral abutment (IAB) and semi-integral abutment bridges (SIAB) with a specific interest in the response to changing temperatures. The long-term objective of this effort is to establish guidelines for the use of integral abutments with curved girder bridges. The primary objective of this work was to monitor and evaluate the behavior of six in-service, horizontally curved, steel-girder bridges with integral and semi-integral abutments. In addition, the influence of bridge curvature, skew and pier bearing (expansion and fixed) were also part of the study. Two monitoring systems were designed and applied to a set of four horizontally curved bridges and two straight bridges at the northeast corner of Des Moines, Iowa -- one system for measuring strains and movement under long term thermal changes and one system for measuring the behavior under short term, controlled live loading. A finite element model was developed and validated against the measured strains. The model was then used to investigate the sensitivity of design calculations to curvature, skew and pier joint conditions. The general conclusions were as follows: (1) There were no measurable differences in the behavior of the horizontally curved bridges and straight bridges studied in this work under thermal effects. For preliminary member sizing of curved bridges, thermal stresses and movements in a straight bridge of the same length are a reasonable first approximation. (2) Thermal strains in integral abutment and semi-integral abutment bridges were not noticeably different. The choice between IAB and SIAB should be based on life-cycle costs (e.g., construction and maintenance). (3) An expansion bearing pier reduces the thermal stresses in the girders of the straight bridge but does not appear to reduce the stresses in the girders of the curved bridge. (4) An analysis of the bridges predicted a substantial total stress (sum of the vertical bending stress, the lateral bending stress, and the axial stress) up to 3 ksi due to temperature effects. (5) For the one curved integral abutment bridge studied at length, the stresses in the girders significantly vary with changes in skew and curvature. With a 10° skew and 0.06 radians arc span length to radius ratio, the curved and skew integral abutment bridges can be designed as a straight bridge if an error in estimation of the stresses of 10% is acceptable." -- Technical Report Documentation Page.
Author: Cagri Ozgur
Author: Cagri Ozgur
Author: Jason Clarence Stith
Author: 
Author: Daniel Gattner Linzell
Author: Daniel Gattner Linzell
Author: Telmo Andres Sanchez
Author: Mohammadreza Sharafbayani![Behavior, Design and Construction of Horizontally Curved Composite Steel Box Girder Bridges [microform] PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/g6QeAAAACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Muayad Whyib Aldoori
Author: Lowell Greimann
Author: Konlee Baxter Dobbins