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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 107
Book Description
The most productive approaches to the problem of the gamma ray laser have focused upon upconversion techniques in which metastable nuclei are pumped with long wavelength radiation. At the nuclear level the storage of energy can approach tera-Joules (10(exp 12)J) per liter for thousands of years. However, any plan to use such a resource for a gamma ray laser poses problems of a broad interdisciplinary nature requiring the fusion of concepts taken from relatively unrelated fields of physics. Our research group has described several means through which this energy might be coupled to radiation field with cross sections for stimulated emission that could reach 10(exp -17) sq cm. Such a stimulated release could lead to output powers as great as 3 x 102 Watts/liter. Since 1978 we have pursued an approach for the upconversion of longer wavelength radiation incident upon isomeric nuclear populations that can avoid many of the difficulties encountered with traditional concepts 0 single-photon pumping. Experiments have confirmed the general theory and have indicated that a gamma-ray laser is feasible if the right combination of energy levels and branching ratios exists in some real material. Of the 1,886 distinguishable nuclear materials, the present state-of-the-art has been adequate to identify 29 first-class candidates, but further evaluation cannot proceed without remeasurements of nuclear. A laser-grade database of nuclear properties does not yet exist but the techniques for constructing one have been developed and utilize under this contract.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 107
Book Description
The most productive approaches to the problem of the gamma ray laser have focused upon upconversion techniques in which metastable nuclei are pumped with long wavelength radiation. At the nuclear level the storage of energy can approach tera-Joules (10(exp 12)J) per liter for thousands of years. However, any plan to use such a resource for a gamma ray laser poses problems of a broad interdisciplinary nature requiring the fusion of concepts taken from relatively unrelated fields of physics. Our research group has described several means through which this energy might be coupled to radiation field with cross sections for stimulated emission that could reach 10(exp -17) sq cm. Such a stimulated release could lead to output powers as great as 3 x 102 Watts/liter. Since 1978 we have pursued an approach for the upconversion of longer wavelength radiation incident upon isomeric nuclear populations that can avoid many of the difficulties encountered with traditional concepts 0 single-photon pumping. Experiments have confirmed the general theory and have indicated that a gamma-ray laser is feasible if the right combination of energy levels and branching ratios exists in some real material. Of the 1,886 distinguishable nuclear materials, the present state-of-the-art has been adequate to identify 29 first-class candidates, but further evaluation cannot proceed without remeasurements of nuclear. A laser-grade database of nuclear properties does not yet exist but the techniques for constructing one have been developed and utilize under this contract.
Author: B. Balko Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 1483286991 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 166
Book Description
Provides a definitive overview of the current status of gamma-ray lasers including contributions from scientists pursuing active research in areas relevant to the graser problem. Describes a range of programmes which deal with selecting candidate nuclei, procuring the right lasing medium and forming it into an acicular geometry, working in an energy regime that enables utilizing the Mossbauer Effect, using the Campbell-Borrmann Effect to decrease electronic absorption, designing basic experiments that demonstrate critical steps necessary to produce a graser, and clarifying a number of theoretical problems specific to the nuclear laser.
Author: C. B. Collins Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 219
Book Description
The most productive approaches to the problem of the gamma-ray laser have focused upon upconversion techniques in which metastable nuclei are pumped with long wavelength radiation. At the nuclear level the storage of energy can approach tera-Joules (10(exp 12)J) per liter for thousands of years. However, any plan to use such a resource for a gamma-ray laser poses problems of a broad interdisciplinary nature requiring the fusion of concepts taken from relatively unrelated fields of physics. Our research group has described several means through which this energy might be coupled to radiation fields with cross sections for stimulated emission that could reach 10(exp -17)sq cm. Such a stimulated release could lead to output powers as great as 3 x 1021 Watts/liter. Since 1978 we have pursued an approach for the upconversion of longer wavelength radiation incident upon isomeric nuclear populations that can avoid many of the difficulties encountered with traditional concepts of single photon pumping. Experiments have confirmed the general theory and have indicated that a gamma- ray laser is feasible if the right combination of energy levels and branching ratios exists in some real material. Of the 1,886 distinguishable nuclear materials, the present state-of-the-art has been adequate to identify 29 first- class candidates, but further evaluation cannot proceed without remeasurements of nuclear properties with higher precision. Gamma-ray laser, Ultrashort wavelength laser.
Author: Richard L. Liboff Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 16
Book Description
In this analysis we describe briefly a possible approach to the realization of a gamma-ray laser ('graser') 1,2. The proposed scheme has its basis in certain long-lived excited states among the heavier nuclei. Decay of such states, for the most part, gives rise to high-order multipole radiation. These excited states are populated through either beta-decay or electron capture. The device presumes that a collection of such long-lived excited states is unstable to induced resonant emission. Decay of parent nuclei serve as the pumping mechanism in the proposed lasing scheme. (Author).
Author: Mark Prelas Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319198459 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 430
Book Description
This book focuses on Nuclear-Pumped Laser (NPL) technology and provides the reader with a fundamental understanding of NPLs, a review of research in the field and exploration of large scale NPL system design and applications. Early chapters look at the fundamental properties of lasers, nuclear-pumping and nuclear reactions that may be used as drivers for nuclear-pumped lasers. The book goes on to explore the efficient transport of energy from the ionizing radiation to the laser medium and then the operational characteristics of existing nuclear-pumped lasers. Models based on Mathematica, explanations and a tutorial all assist the reader’s understanding of this technology. Later chapters consider the integration of the various systems involved in NPLs and the ways in which they can be used, including beyond the military agenda. As readers will discover, there are significant humanitarian applications for high energy/power lasers, such as deflecting asteroids, space propulsion, power transmission and mining. This book will appeal to graduate students and scholars across diverse disciplines, including nuclear engineering, laser physics, quantum electronics, gaseous electronics, optics, photonics, space systems engineering, materials, thermodynamics, chemistry and physics.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Laser sources generating sub-nm radiation, using recoilless nuclear transitions in solids, have been proposed for years. This review examines, from the standpoint of kinetics, many solutions (viz., narrowed line, explosive neutron pump, two-stage pump, two-step pump) that have been proposed for the basic problem: that pumping can inhibit or destroy the Moessbauer and Borrmann effects, which are essential for gain. 4 refs.
Author: C. B. Collins Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 80
Book Description
The nuclear analog of the ruby laser would embody the most straightforward of the several concepts for a gamma ray laser. The greatest progress toward an ultrashort wavelength laser has been achieved along that direction 2. For ruby the identification and exploitation of a bandwidth funnel were the critical keys in the development of the first laser. There was a broad absorption band linked through efficient cascading to the narrow laser level. The search for the analogous situation on the nuclear scale is proceeding quite fruitfully. Significant amounts of nuclear fluorescence have been pumped by pulsed bremsstrahlung sources; thus proving that the concept of bandwidth funneling works as well at the nuclear level as it does for the ruby3. This critical process was found to produce eleven orders of magnitude increase in the amount of X-ray pump energy absorbed into demonstration nuclei of Se 77. Most recently, the first of the 29 candidate materials for a gamma ray laser was successfully pumped with intense pulses of bremsstrahlung. The yield of nuclear fluorescence was about 10,000 times greater than what was predicted by even the theories including the large factor for funneling 4. Selected over 28 alternatives solely on the basis of availability, this first material narrowly missed the threshold of feasibility for gamma ray laser. These results with a relatively unattractive candidate indicate that the probabilities should be raised for full success of one of the other 28 materials. (jhd).
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Author: B. Balko
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Author: C. B. Collins
Author: Richard L. Liboff
Author: Mark Prelas
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Author: C. B. Collins