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Author: Ronald E. Loehman Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 51
Book Description
Nitrogen has been partially substituted for oxygen in a wide variety of silicate systems to produce oxynitride glasses with improved properties. Nitrogen contents as high as 12 at% have been achieved. The glass-forming regions in the Y-Si-Al-O-N, Mg-Si-Al-O-N, and Ca-Si-Al-O-N systems have been investigated in detail, and those in the Si-Al-O-N, La-Si-Al-O-N, Li-Si-Al-O-N, and Sc-Si-Al-O-N systems have been studied to a lesser extent. For all compositions there is a consistent variation in properties with nitrogen content. The glass transition temperature, hardness, fracture toughness, and density all increase, and the thermal expansion coefficient decreases with increased nitrogen content. Those data, together with infrared spectroscopic results, are consistent with a structural model in which trivalent nitrogen substitutes for bivalent oxygen to give a greater degree of cross-linking in the glass network. The improved properties afforded by nitrogen substitution may lead to commercial applications for oxynitride glasses as hardened windows, high modulus glass fibers, leach-resistant coatings, and as joining compositions for nitrogen ceramics.
Author: Ronald E. Loehman Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 51
Book Description
Nitrogen has been partially substituted for oxygen in a wide variety of silicate systems to produce oxynitride glasses with improved properties. Nitrogen contents as high as 12 at% have been achieved. The glass-forming regions in the Y-Si-Al-O-N, Mg-Si-Al-O-N, and Ca-Si-Al-O-N systems have been investigated in detail, and those in the Si-Al-O-N, La-Si-Al-O-N, Li-Si-Al-O-N, and Sc-Si-Al-O-N systems have been studied to a lesser extent. For all compositions there is a consistent variation in properties with nitrogen content. The glass transition temperature, hardness, fracture toughness, and density all increase, and the thermal expansion coefficient decreases with increased nitrogen content. Those data, together with infrared spectroscopic results, are consistent with a structural model in which trivalent nitrogen substitutes for bivalent oxygen to give a greater degree of cross-linking in the glass network. The improved properties afforded by nitrogen substitution may lead to commercial applications for oxynitride glasses as hardened windows, high modulus glass fibers, leach-resistant coatings, and as joining compositions for nitrogen ceramics.
Author: Stuart Hampshire Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 96
Book Description
The objective was to study the effect on properties (such as microhardness, glass transition, crystallization temperature, viscosity, etc.) of replacing oxygen by nitrogen in sialon-based glasses containing rare-earth cations and to study the formation of glass-ceramics by controlled crystallization of these oxynitride glasses and to assess the effects of this on properties. Glasses were prepared by melting appropriate oxides and nitrides in boron nitride lined crucibles, melting at 1700 C under nitrogen and casting into preheated graphite moulds followed by annealing. Characterization of the glasses was carried out by differential thermal analysis (DTA) to ascertain the glass transition and crystallization temperatures and standard techniques used for microhardness and viscosity. Nitrogen increases the glass transition, microhardness and viscosity for constant cation ratio glasses and also inhibits crystallization. From DTA, suitable heat-treatment schedules were designed to produce fine-grain glass-ceramics. Optimization of these heat treatments was by measuring the changes (increases) in microhardness. Fully amorphous glasses can be prepared easily in large batches (approx. 100g) in many M-Si-Al-O-N systems. Work concentrated on Neodynium and Y-sialon glasses which undergo homogeneous nucleation at Tg+50 (C) followed by crystal growth at Tc-40 (C) each for 2.5 hours. (AW).
Author: Pascal Richet Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118799399 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 1568
Book Description
This Encyclopedia begins with an introduction summarizing itsscope and content. Glassmaking; Structure of Glass, GlassPhysics,Transport Properties, Chemistry of Glass, Glass and Light,Inorganic Glass Families, Organic Glasses, Glass and theEnvironment, Historical and Economical Aspect of Glassmaking,History of Glass, Glass and Art, and outlinepossible newdevelopments and uses as presented by the best known people in thefield (C.A. Angell, for example). Sections and chapters arearranged in a logical order to ensure overall consistency and avoiduseless repetitions. All sections are introduced by a briefintroduction and attractive illustration. Newly investigatedtopics will be addresses, with the goal of ensuring that thisEncyclopedia remains a reference work for years to come.
Author: Mary R. Reidmeyer Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"This dissertation contains the results of six years of research on phosphorus oxynitride glasses. The main body is composed of three papers to be submitted for publication; the first on the preparation and properties of sodium ultraphosphate glasses, the second a review of the phosphorus oxynitride glasses, and the third a structural model for nitrogen incorporation. Appendices A, B, and C contain reprints of three articles co-authored by this author which have already been published in various journals. Appendix A, "Preparation of Phosphorus Oxynitride Glasses," published in the Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids in 1986 describes the preparation of oxynitride glass made by melting sodium metaphosphate in anhydrous ammonia gas. Changes in the dissolution rate in water, thermal expansion coefficient, dilatometric softening point and glass transition temperatures, refractive index, microhardness, and electrical conductivity are reported. Models are proposed for nitrogen dissolution in phosphate melts. Appendix B, "Structure of Phosphorus Oxynitride Glasses," published in the Journal of the American Ceramic Society in 1987 resulted from the collaboration of researchers at Sandia National Laboratories, University of Illinois-Urbana and myself at the University of Missouri-Rolla. This author prepared and measured various chemical and thermal properties for the samples used for the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Raman measurements. The Raman analyses were performed at Sandia National Laboratories and the NMR spectra were measured at the University of Illinois-Urbana. Samples for the NMR measurements had to be prepared with 15N in the form of 15NH3. Because of the expense of 15N ammonia, this author developed a recirculating atmosphere furnace and other equipment to produce these special samples. These are the first phosphorus oxynitride glasses ever prepared with 15N. Appendix C, "Oxygen Bonding in Nitrided Sodium- and Lithium-Metaphosphate Glasses," published in the Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids in 1988 resulted from joint work between myself at the University of Missouri-Rolla and Dr. R.K. Brow at Sandia National Laboratories. Samples prepared by this author were used for the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements performed at Sandia National Laboratories. The XPS equipment was specially designed to collect spectra for structural analysis. The specimens were fractured in the ultra vacuum chamber of the XPS instrument in order to avoid surface contamination and damage which would obscure the structural information contained in the XPS spectra"--Abstract, leaves iv-v
Author: Pascal Richet Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118799429 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 1573
Book Description
A comprehensive and up-to-date encyclopedia to the fabrication, nature, properties, uses, and history of glass The Encyclopedia of Glass Science, Technology, History, and Culture has been designed to satisfy the needs and curiosity of a broad audience interested in the most varied aspects of material that is as old as the universe. As described in over 100 chapters and illustrated with 1100 figures, the practical importance of glass has increased over the ages since it was first man-made four millennia ago. The old-age glass vessels and window and stained glass now coexist with new high-tech products that include for example optical fibers, thin films, metallic, bioactive and hybrid organic-inorganic glasses, amorphous ices or all-solid-state batteries. In the form of scholarly introductions, the Encyclopedia chapters have been written by 151 noted experts working in 23 countries. They present at a consistent level and in a self-consistent manner these industrial, technological, scientific, historical and cultural aspects. Addressing the most recent fundamental advances in glass science and technology, as well as rapidly developing topics such as extra-terrestrial or biogenic glasses, this important guide: Begins with industrial glassmaking Turns to glass structure and to physical, transport and chemical properties Deals with interactions with light, inorganic glass families and organically related glasses Considers a variety of environmental and energy issues And concludes with a long section on the history of glass as a material from Prehistory to modern glass science The Encyclopedia of Glass Science, Technology, History, and Culture has been written not only for glass scientists and engineers in academia and industry, but also for material scientists as well as for art and industry historians. It represents a must-have, comprehensive guide to the myriad aspects this truly outstanding state of matter.
Author: Ronald E. Loehman
Author: Ronald E. Loehman
Author: 
Author: Stuart Hampshire
Author: Vincent Morrissey
Author: 
Author: Pascal Richet
Author: John Andrew Fernie
Author: Donald R. Messier
Author: Mary R. Reidmeyer
Author: Pascal Richet