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Author: Christa Hainz Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
In transition economies, banks do not yet play a crucial role in financing investment. We explain the low degree of bank intermediation by investigating credit offers by monopolistic, oligopolistic, and competitive banks with a particular focus on collateral. The more market power that banks have the more collateral they demand, because collateral is used not only to solve the moral hazard problem but also to extract rents. We find that asymmetric information about the firm's assets and, hence, possible collateral, leads to credit rationing. Empirical evidence from Romania and Estonia confirms the results of our theoretical model.
Author: Christa Hainz Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
In transition economies, banks do not yet play a crucial role in financing investment. We explain the low degree of bank intermediation by investigating credit offers by monopolistic, oligopolistic, and competitive banks with a particular focus on collateral. The more market power that banks have the more collateral they demand, because collateral is used not only to solve the moral hazard problem but also to extract rents. We find that asymmetric information about the firm's assets and, hence, possible collateral, leads to credit rationing. Empirical evidence from Romania and Estonia confirms the results of our theoretical model.
Author: Sofika Nazaj Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 10
Book Description
The Albanian banking system coming from a centralized economy's heritage went through a long transition phase, to be converted, during recent years, into a modern banking system, reflecting the developing market economy in Albania, with many country-specific features. Given such characteristics, and the fact that the new market economy in Albania with still-to-be-consolidated businesses and relatively a big number of banks, with lots of cheap funds to lend, there has been room for a stiff, if rather unfair competition among banks for market share, thus causing a low-quality loan portfolio and liquidity problems in the market. New entrants in the banking market, mainly foreign ones, may have induced too much entry and relatively too many bad loans. Notwithstanding positive effects of banking competition during the entry phase, banks have adopted and seek very high targets on lending, therefore funding risky projects, which failed to produce success stories. When twinning this fact with the actual global and local financial crises, the situation is practically affecting the stability of the banking system in Albania. The paper analyzes and investigates how bank competition affects efficiency of credit allocation, using the historic data of the last decade, and provides some recommendations on improving lending practices, procedures, portfolio diversification, aiming to preserve the stability of the banking system in Albania.
Author: Mr.Lev Ratnovski Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1484366174 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 20
Book Description
Traditional bank competition policy seeks to balance efficiency with incentives to take risk. The main tools are rules guiding entry/exit and consolidation of banks. This paper seeks to refine this view in light of recent changes to financial services provision. Modern banking is largely market-based and contestable. Consequently, banks in advanced economies today have structurally low charter values and high incentives to take risk. In such an environment, traditional policies that seek to affect the degree of competition by focusing on market structure (i.e. concentration) may have limited effect. We argue that bank competition policy should be reoriented to deal with the too-big-to-fail (TBTF) problem. It should also focus on the permissible scope of activities rather than on market structure of banks. And following a crisis, competition policy should facilitate resolution by temporarily allowing higher concentration and government control of banks.
Author: David Nickerson Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814495069 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 287
Book Description
The rapid emergence of active financial markets in a number of developing and transition countries during the 1990s is a momentous phenomenon. Until recently, most developing countries severely manipulated and repressed their financial markets. The dramatic increase in the influence of neo-liberal thinking and laissez-faire governance in developing countries has recently led to serious capital market reform in scores of countries. Most countries without financial market reform are anxiously studying their successful neighbors in order to adopt policies, programs, and regulations that have a proven track record.This collection of papers addresses many of the important issues raised by these dramatic changes, including restructuring pension systems, organizing new equity markets, designing financial systems to deal with systemic risk, dealing with the overhang and bad debts, and attracting foreign direct investments. Several papers deal with informal credit markets, examining the effect of informal finance on economic development and the exponential growth in microfinance by private financial institutions in Latin America and in the United States.The book is intended for policy makers and scholars interested in capital markets in developing and transition economies. It is also suitable for use as a supplementary text in upper level undergraduate and graduate courses in development finance.
Author: David Green Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: 9781781950296 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 248
Book Description
'...this book would be suited to lawyers and non-lawyers alike. In addition, it provides an interesting look at the EU banking system and the systems of Central and Eastern European countries.' - Ellie Palmer, Journal of International Banking Law and Regulation The eastwards expansion of the European Union is one of the most explosive economic and political issues of the early 21st century. Economic and financial stability combined with rising prosperity in the applicant countries are increasingly seen as necessary preconditions for European Union membership. This authoritative volume, written by scholars and practitioners from Central and Western Europe and the United States, confronts the issues involved in three of the countries most likely to be successful applicants to the EU - the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovenia. A spotlight is turned on the banking and financial industries, as they are crucial to the achievement of economic stability. The blend of expertise deployed, which draws on in-depth knowledge and extensive experience in central banking, financial and commercial law, business, practical policy making and economic analysis, ensures that this book is timely, relevant and insightful. The authors suggest that the role of the state in both creating and maintaining an effective financial sector is central. Furthermore, they argue that well-regulated commercial banks and strategic foreign investors are a must as, in practice, the attempt to skip straight to modern capital markets has been ruinous. This accessibly written volume will be of interest to students and scholars of economics, finance, law, political science, the sociology of economic life and European studies.
Author: Alya Guseva Publisher: Stanford University Press ISBN: 0804789592 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 341
Book Description
In the United States, we now take our ability to pay with plastic for granted. In other parts of the world, however, the establishment of a "credit-card economy" has not been easy. In countries without a history of economic stability, how can banks decide who should be given a credit card? How do markets convince people to use cards, make their transactions visible to authorities, assume the potential risk of fraud, and pay to use their own money? Why should merchants agree to pay extra if customers use cards instead of cash? In Plastic Money, Akos Rona-Tas and Alya Guseva tell the story of how banks overcame these and other quandaries as they constructed markets for credit cards in eight postcommunist countries. We know how markets work once they are built, but this book develops a unique framework for understanding how markets are engineered from the ground up—by selecting key players, ensuring cooperation, and providing conditions for the valuation of a product. Drawing on extensive interviews and fieldwork, the authors chronicle how banks overcame these hurdles and generated a desire for their new product in the midst of a transition from communism to capitalism.
Author: Alexander Fleming Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 9780821348147 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 302
Book Description
This book contains 21 papers focusing on a wide range of issues concerning financial sector transition in the countries of Europe and Central Asia (ECA). It places the transition economies in the context of recent and prospective developments in global financial markets. This book also evaluates the experience of the last 10 years and reviews the progress from a command financial system to a market-based one, identifying some of the key characteristics of the financial transition.
Author: Emilio Colombo Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 364257372X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 233
Book Description
Financial Markets play an important role in economic development, channeling saving to investments and facilitating growth. In Eastern Europe financial markets were initially much underdeveloped, and lacked the skills and infrastructure they needed to be efficient, having not acquired them in the pre-transition era. The book offers a both theoretical and empirical analysis of financial markets in transitional economies. It investigates financial markets in Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Poland, and their role in the developments in the 1990s.
Author: Christa Hainz
Author: Christa Hainz
Author: Sofika Nazaj
Author: Monika Schnitzer
Author: OECD
Author: Mr.Lev Ratnovski
Author: David Nickerson
Author: David Green
Author: Alya Guseva
Author: Alexander Fleming
Author: Emilio Colombo