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Author: Jeffrey W. Taliaferro Publisher: Cornell University Press ISBN: 1501720252 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 329
Book Description
Great powers often initiate risky military and diplomatic inventions in far-off, peripheral regions that pose no direct threat to them, risking direct confrontation with rivals in strategically inconsequential places. Why do powerful countries behave in a way that leads to entrapment in prolonged, expensive, and self-defeating conflicts? Jeffrey W. Taliaferro suggests that such interventions are driven by the refusal of senior officials to accept losses in their state's relative power, international status, or prestige. Instead of cutting their losses, leaders often continue to invest blood and money in failed excursions into the periphery. Their policies may seem to be driven by rational concerns about power and security, but Taliaferro deems them to be at odds with the master explanation of political realism. Taliaferro constructs a "balance-of-risk" theory of foreign policy that draws on defensive realism (in international relations) and prospect theory (in psychology). He illustrates the power of this new theory in several case narratives: Germany's initiation and escalation of the 1905 and 1911 Moroccan crises, the United States' involvement in the Korean War in 1950–52, and Japan's entanglement in the second Sino-Japanese war in 1937–40 and its decisions for war with the U.S. in 1940–41.
Author: Jeffrey W. Taliaferro Publisher: Cornell University Press ISBN: 1501720252 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 329
Book Description
Great powers often initiate risky military and diplomatic inventions in far-off, peripheral regions that pose no direct threat to them, risking direct confrontation with rivals in strategically inconsequential places. Why do powerful countries behave in a way that leads to entrapment in prolonged, expensive, and self-defeating conflicts? Jeffrey W. Taliaferro suggests that such interventions are driven by the refusal of senior officials to accept losses in their state's relative power, international status, or prestige. Instead of cutting their losses, leaders often continue to invest blood and money in failed excursions into the periphery. Their policies may seem to be driven by rational concerns about power and security, but Taliaferro deems them to be at odds with the master explanation of political realism. Taliaferro constructs a "balance-of-risk" theory of foreign policy that draws on defensive realism (in international relations) and prospect theory (in psychology). He illustrates the power of this new theory in several case narratives: Germany's initiation and escalation of the 1905 and 1911 Moroccan crises, the United States' involvement in the Korean War in 1950–52, and Japan's entanglement in the second Sino-Japanese war in 1937–40 and its decisions for war with the U.S. in 1940–41.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309133866 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 736
Book Description
The fragmented information that consumers receive about the nutritional value and health risks associated with fish and shellfish can result in confusion or misperceptions about these food sources. Consumers are therefore confronted with a dilemma: they are told that seafood is good for them and should be consumed in large amounts, while at the same time the federal government and most states have issued advisories urging caution in the consumption of certain species or seafood from specific waters. Seafood Choices carefully explores the decision-making process for selecting seafood by assessing the evidence on availability of specific nutrients (compared to other food sources) to obtain the greatest nutritional benefits. The book prioritizes the potential for adverse health effects from both naturally occurring and introduced toxicants in seafood; assesses evidence on the availability of specific nutrients in seafood compared to other food sources; determines the impact of modifying food choices to reduce intake of toxicants on nutrient intake and nutritional status within the U.S. population; develops a decision path for U.S. consumers to weigh their seafood choices to obtain nutritional benefits balanced against exposure risks; and identifies data gaps and recommendations for future research. The information provided in this book will benefit food technologists, food manufacturers, nutritionists, and those involved in health professions making nutritional recommendations.
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Publisher: ISBN: Category : Medication abuse Languages : en Pages : 112
Author: Stefan Hunziker Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3658253576 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 241
Book Description
This textbook demonstrates how Enterprise Risk Management creates value in strategic- and decision-making-processes. The author introduces modern approaches to balancing risk and reward based on many examples of medium-sized and large companies from different industries. Since traditional risk management in practice is often an independent stand-alone process with no impact on decision-making processes, it is unable to create value and ties up resources in the company unnecessarily. Herewith, he serves students as well as practitioners with modern approaches that promote a connection between ERM and corporate management. The author demonstrates in a didactically appropriate manner how companies can use ERM in a concrete way to achieve better risk-reward decisions under uncertainty. Furthermore, theoretical and psychological findings relevant to entrepreneurial decision-making situations are incorporated. This textbook has been recommended and developed for university courses in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
Author: John Mueller Publisher: OUP USA ISBN: 0199795754 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 281
Book Description
In seeking to evaluate the efficacy of post-9/11 homeland security expenses--which have risen by more than a trillion dollars, not including war costs--the common query has been, "Are we safer?" This, however, is the wrong question. Of course we are "safer"--the posting of a single security guard at one building's entrance enhances safety. The correct question is, "Are any gains in security worth the funds expended?"In this engaging, readable book, John Mueller and Mark Stewart apply risk and cost-benefit evaluation techniques to answer this very question. This analytical approach has been used throughout the world for decades by regulators, academics, and businesses--but, as a recent National Academy of Science study suggests, it has never been capably applied by the people administering homeland security funds. Given the limited risk terrorism presents, expenses meant to lower it have for the most part simply not been worth it. For example, to be considered cost-effective, increased American homeland security expenditures would have had each year to have foiled up to 1,667 attacks roughly like the one intended on Times Square in 2010--more than four a day. Cataloging the mistakes that the US has made--and continues to make--in managing homeland security programs, Terror, Security, and Money has the potential to redirect our efforts toward a more productive and far more cost-effective course.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309459575 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 483
Book Description
Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring.
Author: Kord Davis Publisher: "O'Reilly Media, Inc." ISBN: 1449357490 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 80
Book Description
What are your organization’s policies for generating and using huge datasets full of personal information? This book examines ethical questions raised by the big data phenomenon, and explains why enterprises need to reconsider business decisions concerning privacy and identity. Authors Kord Davis and Doug Patterson provide methods and techniques to help your business engage in a transparent and productive ethical inquiry into your current data practices. Both individuals and organizations have legitimate interests in understanding how data is handled. Your use of data can directly affect brand quality and revenue—as Target, Apple, Netflix, and dozens of other companies have discovered. With this book, you’ll learn how to align your actions with explicit company values and preserve the trust of customers, partners, and stakeholders. Review your data-handling practices and examine whether they reflect core organizational values Express coherent and consistent positions on your organization’s use of big data Define tactical plans to close gaps between values and practices—and discover how to maintain alignment as conditions change over time Maintain a balance between the benefits of innovation and the risks of unintended consequences
Author: Ed Kempkey Publisher: CreateSpace ISBN: 9781461077244 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 126
Book Description
"Insurance is often confused with risk management, yet it simply finances part of the risk with another entity, i.e. the insurance company. In reality, it is up to the organization's executive team to proactively manage risks." - Ed Kempkey You don't need a full time risk manager to gain the benefits these best practices offer. Balancing Risk exposes five myths that often prevent organizations from implementing risk management programs, and provides straightforward concepts and metholodologies upon which to build your plan. The step-by-step process includes examples you can follow as well as a simple system to easily document and measure your success. - Increase operational effectiveness and efficiency - Enhance the identification of opportunities and threats - Establish a reliable basis for decision making and planning - Improve stakeholder confidence and trust
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 9
Book Description
One of the most controversial issues associated with Army readiness concerns a perceived dichotomy between realistic training and safety. On one hand, commanders must conduct hard, tough, realistic training-to train as they will fight. On the other hand, they are critically aware that safety is paramount. This seems to be demanding the impossible, as if realistic training and safety are incompatible partners in a marriage destined to fail. Basically, the problem lies in a failure to integrate the requirement for safety with the demand for realistic combat training. Each element is too often viewed separately, and, in the process, safety is erroneously seen as an inhibitor to training. Yet, nothing could be further from the truth. The fact is, effective realistic training can be conducted with an acceptable risk factor. Simply stated, safety is a by-product of risk reduction A high management of inherent mission risks. Essentially, the risk management approach is the identification of risks associated with a particular operation and the requirement to weigh these risks against overall training value to be gained. Any increase in the level of difficulty in the mission produces a corresponding increase in the risk involved.