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Author: John M. Lee Publisher: American Mathematical Soc. ISBN: 0821884786 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 490
Book Description
The story of geometry is the story of mathematics itself: Euclidean geometry was the first branch of mathematics to be systematically studied and placed on a firm logical foundation, and it is the prototype for the axiomatic method that lies at the foundation of modern mathematics. It has been taught to students for more than two millennia as a mode of logical thought. This book tells the story of how the axiomatic method has progressed from Euclid's time to ours, as a way of understanding what mathematics is, how we read and evaluate mathematical arguments, and why mathematics has achieved the level of certainty it has. It is designed primarily for advanced undergraduates who plan to teach secondary school geometry, but it should also provide something of interest to anyone who wishes to understand geometry and the axiomatic method better. It introduces a modern, rigorous, axiomatic treatment of Euclidean and (to a lesser extent) non-Euclidean geometries, offering students ample opportunities to practice reading and writing proofs while at the same time developing most of the concrete geometric relationships that secondary teachers will need to know in the classroom. -- P. [4] of cover.
Author: John M. Lee Publisher: American Mathematical Soc. ISBN: 0821884786 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 490
Book Description
The story of geometry is the story of mathematics itself: Euclidean geometry was the first branch of mathematics to be systematically studied and placed on a firm logical foundation, and it is the prototype for the axiomatic method that lies at the foundation of modern mathematics. It has been taught to students for more than two millennia as a mode of logical thought. This book tells the story of how the axiomatic method has progressed from Euclid's time to ours, as a way of understanding what mathematics is, how we read and evaluate mathematical arguments, and why mathematics has achieved the level of certainty it has. It is designed primarily for advanced undergraduates who plan to teach secondary school geometry, but it should also provide something of interest to anyone who wishes to understand geometry and the axiomatic method better. It introduces a modern, rigorous, axiomatic treatment of Euclidean and (to a lesser extent) non-Euclidean geometries, offering students ample opportunities to practice reading and writing proofs while at the same time developing most of the concrete geometric relationships that secondary teachers will need to know in the classroom. -- P. [4] of cover.
Author: Francis Borceux Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3319017306 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 410
Book Description
Focusing methodologically on those historical aspects that are relevant to supporting intuition in axiomatic approaches to geometry, the book develops systematic and modern approaches to the three core aspects of axiomatic geometry: Euclidean, non-Euclidean and projective. Historically, axiomatic geometry marks the origin of formalized mathematical activity. It is in this discipline that most historically famous problems can be found, the solutions of which have led to various presently very active domains of research, especially in algebra. The recognition of the coherence of two-by-two contradictory axiomatic systems for geometry (like one single parallel, no parallel at all, several parallels) has led to the emergence of mathematical theories based on an arbitrary system of axioms, an essential feature of contemporary mathematics. This is a fascinating book for all those who teach or study axiomatic geometry, and who are interested in the history of geometry or who want to see a complete proof of one of the famous problems encountered, but not solved, during their studies: circle squaring, duplication of the cube, trisection of the angle, construction of regular polygons, construction of models of non-Euclidean geometries, etc. It also provides hundreds of figures that support intuition. Through 35 centuries of the history of geometry, discover the birth and follow the evolution of those innovative ideas that allowed humankind to develop so many aspects of contemporary mathematics. Understand the various levels of rigor which successively established themselves through the centuries. Be amazed, as mathematicians of the 19th century were, when observing that both an axiom and its contradiction can be chosen as a valid basis for developing a mathematical theory. Pass through the door of this incredible world of axiomatic mathematical theories!
Author: David Hilbert Publisher: Read Books Ltd ISBN: 1473395941 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 139
Book Description
This early work by David Hilbert was originally published in the early 20th century and we are now republishing it with a brand new introductory biography. David Hilbert was born on the 23rd January 1862, in a Province of Prussia. Hilbert is recognised as one of the most influential and universal mathematicians of the 19th and early 20th centuries. He discovered and developed a broad range of fundamental ideas in many areas, including invariant theory and the axiomatization of geometry. He also formulated the theory of Hilbert spaces, one of the foundations of functional analysis.
Author: David M. Clark Publisher: American Mathematical Soc. ISBN: 0821889850 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 157
Book Description
Geometry has been an essential element in the study of mathematics since antiquity. Traditionally, we have also learned formal reasoning by studying Euclidean geometry. In this book, David Clark develops a modern axiomatic approach to this ancient subject, both in content and presentation. Mathematically, Clark has chosen a new set of axioms that draw on a modern understanding of set theory and logic, the real number continuum and measure theory, none of which were available in Euclid's time. The result is a development of the standard content of Euclidean geometry with the mathematical precision of Hilbert's foundations of geometry. In particular, the book covers all the topics listed in the Common Core State Standards for high school synthetic geometry. The presentation uses a guided inquiry, active learning pedagogy. Students benefit from the axiomatic development because they themselves solve the problems and prove the theorems with the instructor serving as a guide and mentor. Students are thereby empowered with the knowledge that they can solve problems on their own without reference to authority. This book, written for an undergraduate axiomatic geometry course, is particularly well suited for future secondary school teachers. In the interest of fostering a greater awareness and appreciation of mathematics and its connections to other disciplines and everyday life, MSRI and the AMS are publishing books in the Mathematical Circles Library series as a service to young people, their parents and teachers, and the mathematics profession.
Author: Robin Hartshorne Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387226761 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 535
Book Description
This book offers a unique opportunity to understand the essence of one of the great thinkers of western civilization. A guided reading of Euclid's Elements leads to a critical discussion and rigorous modern treatment of Euclid's geometry and its more recent descendants, with complete proofs. Topics include the introduction of coordinates, the theory of area, history of the parallel postulate, the various non-Euclidean geometries, and the regular and semi-regular polyhedra.
Author: Anastasios Mallios Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401150060 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 457
Book Description
This two-volume monograph obtains fundamental notions and results of the standard differential geometry of smooth (CINFINITY) manifolds, without using differential calculus. Here, the sheaf-theoretic character is emphasised. This has theoretical advantages such as greater perspective, clarity and unification, but also practical benefits ranging from elementary particle physics, via gauge theories and theoretical cosmology (`differential spaces'), to non-linear PDEs (generalised functions). Thus, more general applications, which are no longer `smooth' in the classical sense, can be coped with. The treatise might also be construed as a new systematic endeavour to confront the ever-increasing notion that the `world around us is far from being smooth enough'. Audience: This work is intended for postgraduate students and researchers whose work involves differential geometry, global analysis, analysis on manifolds, algebraic topology, sheaf theory, cohomology, functional analysis or abstract harmonic analysis.
Author: Patrick D Barry Publisher: Woodhead Publishing ISBN: 0128050675 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 282
Book Description
Geometry with Trigonometry Second Edition is a second course in plane Euclidean geometry, second in the sense that many of its basic concepts will have been dealt with at school, less precisely. It gets underway with a large section of pure geometry in Chapters 2 to 5 inclusive, in which many familiar results are efficiently proved, although the logical frame work is not traditional. In Chapter 6 there is a convenient introduction of coordinate geometry in which the only use of angles is to handle the perpendicularity or parallelism of lines. Cartesian equations and parametric equations of a line are developed and there are several applications. In Chapter 7 basic properties of circles are developed, the mid-line of an angle-support, and sensed distances. In the short Chaper 8 there is a treatment of translations, axial symmetries and more generally isometries. In Chapter 9 trigonometry is dealt with in an original way which e.g. allows concepts such as clockwise and anticlockwise to be handled in a way which is not purely visual. By the stage of Chapter 9 we have a context in which calculus can be developed. In Chapter 10 the use of complex numbers as coordinates is introduced and the great conveniences this notation allows are systematically exploited. Many and varied topics are dealt with , including sensed angles, sensed area of a triangle, angles between lines as opposed to angles between co-initial half-lines (duo-angles). In Chapter 11 various convenient methods of proving geometrical results are established, position vectors, areal coordinates, an original concept mobile coordinates. In Chapter 12 trigonometric functions in the context of calculus are treated. New to this edition: The second edition has been comprehensively revised over three years Errors have been corrected and some proofs marginally improved The substantial difference is that Chapter 11 has been significantly extended, particularly the role of mobile coordinates, and a more thorough account of the material is given Provides a modern and coherent exposition of geometry with trigonometry for many audiences across mathematics Provides many geometric diagrams for a clear understanding of the text and includes problem exercises for many chapters Generalizations of this material, such as to solid euclidean geometry and conic sections, when combined with calculus, would lead to applications in science, engineering, and elsewhere
Author: Walter A. Meyer Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080478034 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 560
Book Description
Meyer's Geometry and Its Applications, Second Edition, combines traditional geometry with current ideas to present a modern approach that is grounded in real-world applications. It balances the deductive approach with discovery learning, and introduces axiomatic, Euclidean geometry, non-Euclidean geometry, and transformational geometry. The text integrates applications and examples throughout and includes historical notes in many chapters. The Second Edition of Geometry and Its Applications is a significant text for any college or university that focuses on geometry's usefulness in other disciplines. It is especially appropriate for engineering and science majors, as well as future mathematics teachers. Realistic applications integrated throughout the text, including (but not limited to): Symmetries of artistic patterns Physics Robotics Computer vision Computer graphics Stability of architectural structures Molecular biology Medicine Pattern recognition Historical notes included in many chapters
Author: Karol Borsuk Publisher: Courier Dover Publications ISBN: 0486828093 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 465
Book Description
In Part One of this comprehensive and frequently cited treatment, the authors develop Euclidean and Bolyai-Lobachevskian geometry on the basis of an axiom system due, in principle, to the work of David Hilbert. Part Two develops projective geometry in much the same way. An Introduction provides background on topological space, analytic geometry, and other relevant topics, and rigorous proofs appear throughout the text. Topics covered by Part One include axioms of incidence and order, axioms of congruence, the axiom of continuity, models of absolute geometry, and Euclidean geometry, culminating in the treatment of Bolyai-Lobachevskian geometry. Part Two examines axioms of incidents and order and the axiom of continuity, concluding with an exploration of models of projective geometry.
Author: John M. Lee
Author: John M. Lee
Author: Francis Borceux
Author: Michael C. Gemignani
Author: David Hilbert
Author: David M. Clark
Author: Robin Hartshorne
Author: Anastasios Mallios
Author: Patrick D Barry
Author: Walter A. Meyer
Author: Karol Borsuk