Avoidable Causes of Childhood Cancer PDF Download

Author: Samuel S. Epstein, M.D.
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
ISBN: 1483643204
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 231

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The Increasing Incidence but Decreasing Mortality Rates Of Major Childhod Cancers, 1975-2009* SITE % Increase Incidence % Decrease Mortality** Overall 35 53 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia 58 70 Bone & Joint 57 33 Brain & Nervous System 52 33 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 40 75 Leukemia 33 65 Kidney (Wilm's Tumor) 20 0 * National Cancer Institute, Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results, 2011. ** The striking decrease in mortality reflects the National Cancer Institute's success in developing pediatric clinical trial cooperative groups in 2000. (The Cancer Letter, June 8, 2012). Association with Congenital Defects Several childhood cancers occur so early in life that they must have originated during fetal life, or shortly thereafter.* These include acute lymphocytic leukemia, neuroblastoma,**and kidney and liver cancers. Cancer in the mother, particularly melanoma, can spread to the infant. * MILLER, R.W. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 40; 1079-1085, 1968. ** The author is a survivor of this cancer

Author: Samuel S. Epstein
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
ISBN: 1483643220
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 230

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Book Description
The Increasing Incidence but Decreasing Mortality Rates Of Major Childhod Cancers, 1975-2009* SITE % Increase Incidence % Decrease Mortality** Overall 35 53 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia 58 70 Bone & Joint 57 33 Brain & Nervous System 52 33 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 40 75 Leukemia 33 65 Kidney (Wilms Tumor) 20 0 * National Cancer Institute, Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results, 2011. ** The striking decrease in mortality reflects the National Cancer Institutes success in developing pediatric clinical trial cooperative groups in 2000. (The Cancer Letter, June 8, 2012). Association with Congenital Defects Several childhood cancers occur so early in life that they must have originated during fetal life, or shortly thereafter.* These include acute lymphocytic leukemia, neuroblastoma,**and kidney and liver cancers. Cancer in the mother, particularly melanoma, can spread to the infant. * MILLER, R.W. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 40; 1079-1085, 1968. ** The author is a survivor of this cancer

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780815332183
Category : Cells
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Adolf E. Christ
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468472666
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 305

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The past decade has brought extraordinary gains in the outlook for children stricken with cancer. Though cancer remains a leading cause of death for children and young adults, more victims of child hood cancer today will survive than will die. The therapeutic advances and the optimism they instill have prompted researchers and clinicians to analyze the impact of cancer upon young patients and their famil,ies and to devise more effective intervention strategies. Hope and survival, juxtaposed with the continuing high mortality associated with certain forms of the illness, add new challenges to management of the psychosocial aspects of cancer. To respond to these challenges we need research as rigorous as that which continues to make inroads in treating the physical illness. This specific concern for the needs of children suffering from cancer and their families has paralleled an increasing sensitivity on the part of the medical community and the public at large to the limitations of specialized, high technology health care practices.

Author: Office of Office of the Surgeon
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781083100160
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 109

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This document is a Call to Action to partners in prevention from various sectors across the nation to address skin cancer as a major public health problem. Many partners are essential to this effort, including federal, state, tribal, local, and territorial governments; members of the business, health care, and education sectors; community, nonprofit, and faith-based organizations; and individuals and families. The goal of this document is to increase awareness of skin cancer and to call for actions to reduce its risk.The first section describes the problem of skin cancer and its major risk factors. It also discusses the relationship between exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and health. The second section describes the current evidence on preventing skin cancer, including current initiatives in the United States and in other countries. The third section describes the gaps in research related to skin cancer prevention, highlighting areas of research where more work is needed. The fourth section identifies specific opportunities to prevent skin cancer by reducing UV exposure in the U.S. population and calls for nationwide action.

Author: National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780309683494
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Since the late 1960s, the survival rate in children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer has steadily improved, with a corresponding decline in the cancer-specific death rate. Although the improvements in survival are encouraging, they have come at the cost of acute, chronic, and late adverse effects precipitated by the toxicities associated with the individual or combined use of different types of treatment (e.g., surgery, radiation, chemotherapy). In some cases, the impairments resulting from cancer and its treatment are severe enough to qualify a child for U.S. Social Security Administration disability benefits. At the request of Social Security Administration, Childhood Cancer and Functional Impacts Across the Care Continuum provides current information and findings and conclusions regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of selected childhood cancers, including different types of malignant solid tumors, and the effect of those cancers on childrenâ (TM)s health and functional capacity, including the relative levels of functional limitation typically associated with the cancers and their treatment. This report also provides a summary of selected treatments currently being studied in clinical trials and identifies any limitations on the availability of these treatments, such as whether treatments are available only in certain geographic areas.

Author: Suzanne H. Reuben
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437934218
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 240

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Though overall cancer incidence and mortality have continued to decline in recent years, cancer continues to devastate the lives of far too many Americans. In 2009 alone, 1.5 million American men, women, and children were diagnosed with cancer, and 562,000 died from the disease. There is a growing body of evidence linking environmental exposures to cancer. The Pres. Cancer Panel dedicated its 2008¿2009 activities to examining the impact of environmental factors on cancer risk. The Panel considered industrial, occupational, and agricultural exposures as well as exposures related to medical practice, military activities, modern lifestyles, and natural sources. This report presents the Panel¿s recommend. to mitigate or eliminate these barriers. Illus.

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309452961
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 583

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In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Author: Xiaoqing Xu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 142

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Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality among children in the US, with very few well-established preventable causes. Since childhood cancers are diagnosed at an early age, it has been hypothesized that its pathogenesis is initiated during fetal development and possibly fueled by fetal growth. Indeed, population-based studies have linked various perinatal factors with childhood cancers. We investigated preeclampsia, a major cause of adverse effects on fetal health, as a possible risk factor of childhood cancers in a statewide case control study in California. We obtained childhood cancer cases diagnosed at five years old or younger between 1988 and 2012 from the California Cancer Registry and linked them to birth certificates. Controls were randomly selected from all California births and frequency matched to cases by birth year. We obtained information regarding preeclampsia during pregnancy, labor, and delivery from the medical worksheet of the electronic birth record. We applied causal mediation analyses to assess the controlled direct effects of preeclampsia on childhood cancers, independent of preterm delivery and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Our findings suggest that maternal preeclampsia increases risk of some rare childhood cancers, including seminomas, teratoma and hepatoblastoma, and may shed light on new etiologic factors for these cancers. In addition, we examined associations between regular medication use and the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using a unique data source of the California Teachers Study (CTS), of which 133,479 participants were followed both actively with questionnaires from 1995-1996 until the most recent contact in 2012 and passively with linkage to vital statistics, cancer registries, and hospitalization records. We generated a linked hospital, vital status (including out of state mortality) and baseline questionnaire dataset for each CTS participant. We identified diagnoses of AMD from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) hospital discharge data. Regular consumption of aspirin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen and antihypertensive medications were collected in the self-administered questionnaire and information on specific antihypertensive drugs and anti-inflammatory drugs were available for subsamples who completed the followup questionnaires in 2000 and 2005 respectively.

Author: United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 728

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This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.