Autonomic Nervous Control of the Urinary Bladder PDF Download

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

View

Book Description

Author: Francesco Amenta
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849369810
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 392

View

Book Description
Aging of the Autonomic Nervous System is the first book devoted to the aging of the autonomic nervous system. The book presents the most recent findings on topics such as general aspects of the autonomic nervous system, main neurotransmitter systems, age-dependent changes of neuroeffector mechanisms in target organs, and therapeutic perspectives. It also provides a comprehensive analysis of the possible consequences of these findings. Aging of the Autonomic Nervous System will be a useful volume for gerontologists and neuroscientists.

Author: J. Gordon Betts
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781947172807
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

View

Book Description

Author: Jai H. Seth
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN: 0128079843
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 22

View

Book Description
The role of the lower urinary tract (LUT) is to act as a reservoir for urine at low pressures and to empty at appropriate times. In health the bladder becomes gradually filled during the storage phase, and afferent pathways convey signals of bladder fullness. When deemed to be a socially appropriate time and place, there is a switch from the storage phase to the voiding phase. Voiding, which involves co-ordinated activity between detrusor contraction and urethral sphincter relaxation occurs until the bladder is empty. The level of co-ordinated activity is complex, requiring both voluntary and autonomic control. In health, the control of LUT activity is achieved at several levels involving the peripheral nerves, spinal cord and cerebral cortex. The pathway becomes damaged following neurological disease resulting in LUT dysfunction. This chapter outlines the neural organization and control of micturition and the consequences of neurological disease.

Author: Ulla Kopp
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1615042318
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 99

View

Book Description
The kidney is innervated with efferent sympathetic nerve fibers reaching the renal vasculature, the tubules, the juxtaglomerular granular cells, and the renal pelvic wall. The renal sensory nerves are mainly found in the renal pelvic wall. Increases in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity reduce renal blood flow and urinary sodium excretion by activation of α1-adrenoceptors and increase renin secretion rate by activation of β1-adrenoceptors. In response to normal physiological stimulation, changes in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity contribute importantly to homeostatic regulation of sodium and water balance. The renal mechanosensory nerves are activated by stretch of the renal pelvic tissue produced by increases in renal pelvic tissue of a magnitude that may occur during increased urine flow rate. Activation of the sensory nerves elicits an inhibitory renorenal reflex response consisting of decreases in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity leading to natriuresis. Increasing efferent sympathetic nerve activity increases afferent renal nerve activity which, in turn, decreases efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity by activation of the renorenal reflexes. Thus, activation of the afferent renal nerves buffers changes in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity in the overall goal of maintaining sodium balance. In pathological conditions of sodium retention, impairment of the inhibitory renorenal reflexes contributes to an inappropriately increased efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity in the presence of sodium retention. In states of renal disease or injury, there is a shift from inhibitory to excitatory reflexes originating in the kidney. Studies in essential hypertensive patients have shown that renal denervation results in long-term reduction in arterial pressure, suggesting an important role for the efferent and afferent renal nerves in hypertension. Table of Contents: Part I: Efferent Renal Sympathetic Nerves / Introduction / Neuroanatomy / Neural Control of Renal Hemodynamics / Neural Control of Renal Tubular Function / Neural Control of Renin Secretion Rate / Part II: Afferent Renal Sensory Nerves / Introduction / Neuroanatomy / Renorenal Reflexes / Mechanisms Involved in the Activation of Afferent Renal Sensory Nerves / Part III: Pathophysiological States / Efferent Renal Sympathetic Nerves / Afferent Renal Sensory Nerves / Conclusions / References

Author: Maria P. Abracchio
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642569218
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 459

View

Book Description
Physiological, pharmacological and molecular biological data generated over the past three decades have demonstrated the existence of two major families of extracellular receptors, the P1, a family of four G-protein coupled receptors and the P2, a family of at least 12 receptors responsive to purine (ATP, ADP) and pyrimidine (UTP) nucleotides through which adenosine and ATP can function as extracellular messengers. The present two-part volume represents an integrated compendium of invited chapters by leading researchers in the area focusing on advances in the understanding of purinergic and pyrimidinergic signaling systems, their role(s) in tissue function and pathophysiology and advances in developing potential new medications based on the modulation of P1 and P2 receptor signaling processes. The volumes will thus provide the reader with a topical, comprehensive and integrated overview of this important area.

Author: David N. Rushton
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 100010513X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 422

View

Book Description
Emphasizing the clinical problems surrounding urogenital tract dysfunction, this up-to-date reference details the basic science, differential diagnosis, and treatment of a wide range of neurourological conditions. Covering recent advances in the neurobiology of the pelvic organs, the Handbook of Neuro-Urology reviews the neural control processes that govern pelvic organs discusses the pathogenic mechanisms behind neurological and smooth muscle disorders that produce bladder dysfunction describes the management of impaired bladder, bowel, and sexual function after brain damage and spinal cord injury examines various conditions that affect the autonomic nervous system and specifically result in bladder and sexual dysfunction investigates lower urinary tract function in the elderly suggests practical measures to manage urinary incontinence such as the use of pads, underpants, and appliances and more!

Author: Michael Torrens
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1447114493
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 857

View

Book Description
In this book we attempt a synthesis of knowledge from two investigative extremes. On the one hand, neurophysiology and neuropharmacology are progressing via the single neuron to a subcellular level; on the other, clinicians are studying the function ofthe human urinary system in vivo as a whole. A special effort must be made over the next decade to bridge this gap. We hope that the information summarized here will catalyse the process. In 1968, de Groat and Ryall published a group of papers in the Journal of Physiology in which modern quantitative electrophysiological techniques were applied to the study ofthe reflexes that regulate bladder Junction. These papers represent alandmark in the history of bladder neurophysiology, forming a dividing li ne between old and new. The earlier techniques of lesioning and stimulation of nervous structures yielded mainly qualitative information which was open to criticism because of lack of precise control over what was actually being destroyed or stimulated. Much of this earlier work was reviewed in an authoritative volume by Bors and Comarr in 1971, entitled Neurolqgical Urology. The 16 years have seen great advances in our understanding ofthe control oflower subsequent urinary tract function.

Author: Lindsay Biga
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781955101158
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

View

Book Description
A version of the OpenStax text

Author: Eduardo E. Benarroch
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199920206
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 314

View

Book Description
The purpose of this book is to present a focused approach to the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of the most common autonomic disorders that may present to the clinical neurologist. Autonomic Neurology is divided into 3 sections. The first section includes 5 chapters reviewing the anatomical and biochemical mechanisms of central and peripheral nervous system control of autonomic function, principles of autonomic pharmacology, and a clinical and laboratory approach to the diagnosis of autonomic disorders. The second section focuses on the pathophysiology and management of orthostatic hypotension, postural tachycardia, baroreflex failure; syncope, disorders of sweating, neurogenic bladder and sexual dysfunction, gastrointestinal dysmotility, and autonomic hyperactivity. The final section is devoted to specific autonomic disorders, including central neurodegenerative disorders; common peripheral neuropathies with prominent autonomic failure; painful small fiber neuropathies; autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathies and neuropathies; focal brain disorders; focal spinal cord disorders; and chronic pain disorders with autonomic manifestations. This book is the product of the extensive experience of its contributors in the evaluation and management of the many patients with autonomic symptoms who are referred for neurologic consultation at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Autonomic Neurology focuses on clinical scenarios and presentation of clinical cases and includes several figures showing the results of normal and abnormal autonomic testing in typical conditions. Its abundance of tables summarizing the differential diagnosis, testing, and management of autonomic disorders also help set this book apart from other books focused on the autonomic nervous system.