Author: Allan Bonnick
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136427686
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 266
Book Description
'Automotive Computer Controlled Systems' explains the fundamental principles of engineering that lie behind the operation of vehicle electronic systems. Having obtained this knowledge, the reader will be able to make full use of the diagnostic equipment which is currently available. The book builds on the concepts contained in Vehicle Electronic Systems and Fault Diagnosis and gives clear steps to fault diagnosis and subsequent repair of the vehicle's electronic systems. The author discusses electronics only within the context of the vehicle systems under consideration, and thus keeps theory to a minimum. Allan Bonnick has written articles for several transport/vehicle journals and carries out consultancy work for the Institute of Road Transport Engineers. In addition, he has had many years teaching experience and is ideally placed to write this informative guide.
Automotive Computer Controlled Systems
Author: Allan Bonnick
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136427686
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 266
Book Description
'Automotive Computer Controlled Systems' explains the fundamental principles of engineering that lie behind the operation of vehicle electronic systems. Having obtained this knowledge, the reader will be able to make full use of the diagnostic equipment which is currently available. The book builds on the concepts contained in Vehicle Electronic Systems and Fault Diagnosis and gives clear steps to fault diagnosis and subsequent repair of the vehicle's electronic systems. The author discusses electronics only within the context of the vehicle systems under consideration, and thus keeps theory to a minimum. Allan Bonnick has written articles for several transport/vehicle journals and carries out consultancy work for the Institute of Road Transport Engineers. In addition, he has had many years teaching experience and is ideally placed to write this informative guide.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136427686
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 266
Book Description
'Automotive Computer Controlled Systems' explains the fundamental principles of engineering that lie behind the operation of vehicle electronic systems. Having obtained this knowledge, the reader will be able to make full use of the diagnostic equipment which is currently available. The book builds on the concepts contained in Vehicle Electronic Systems and Fault Diagnosis and gives clear steps to fault diagnosis and subsequent repair of the vehicle's electronic systems. The author discusses electronics only within the context of the vehicle systems under consideration, and thus keeps theory to a minimum. Allan Bonnick has written articles for several transport/vehicle journals and carries out consultancy work for the Institute of Road Transport Engineers. In addition, he has had many years teaching experience and is ideally placed to write this informative guide.
How To Diagnose and Repair Automotive Electrical Systems
Author: Tracy Martin
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781610609906
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 164
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781610609906
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 164
Book Description
Automotive Diagnostic Systems
Author: Keith McCord
Publisher: CarTech Inc
ISBN: 1934709069
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 148
Book Description
"OBD expert, tuner, and author Keith McCord explains system architecture, function, and operation. He shows you how to use a hand-held scanner, connect it to the port connector in the car, and interpret the data. But most importantly, he shows you a practical, analytical, and methodical process for tackling a problem, so you can quickly trace its actual source and fix the root cause and not just the symptom..." -- from page 4 of cover.
Publisher: CarTech Inc
ISBN: 1934709069
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 148
Book Description
"OBD expert, tuner, and author Keith McCord explains system architecture, function, and operation. He shows you how to use a hand-held scanner, connect it to the port connector in the car, and interpret the data. But most importantly, he shows you a practical, analytical, and methodical process for tackling a problem, so you can quickly trace its actual source and fix the root cause and not just the symptom..." -- from page 4 of cover.
Advanced Automotive Fault Diagnosis
Author: Tom Denton
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136430830
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 289
Book Description
Diagnostics, or fault finding, is a fundamental part of an automotive technician's work, and as automotive systems become increasingly complex there is a greater need for good diagnostic skills. Advanced Automotive Fault Diagnosis is the only book to treat automotive diagnostics as a science rather than a check-list procedure. Each chapter includes basic principles and examples of a vehicle system followed by the appropriate diagnostic techniques, complete with useful diagrams, flow charts, case studies and self-assessment questions. The book will help new students develop diagnostic skills and help experienced technicians improve even further. This new edition is fully updated to the latest technological developments. Two new chapters have been added – On-board diagnostics and Oscilloscope diagnostics – and the coverage has been matched to the latest curricula of motor vehicle qualifications, including: IMI and C&G Technical Certificates and NVQs; Level 4 diagnostic units; BTEC National and Higher National qualifications from Edexcel; International Motor Vehicle qualifications such as C&G 3905; and ASE certification in the USA.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136430830
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 289
Book Description
Diagnostics, or fault finding, is a fundamental part of an automotive technician's work, and as automotive systems become increasingly complex there is a greater need for good diagnostic skills. Advanced Automotive Fault Diagnosis is the only book to treat automotive diagnostics as a science rather than a check-list procedure. Each chapter includes basic principles and examples of a vehicle system followed by the appropriate diagnostic techniques, complete with useful diagrams, flow charts, case studies and self-assessment questions. The book will help new students develop diagnostic skills and help experienced technicians improve even further. This new edition is fully updated to the latest technological developments. Two new chapters have been added – On-board diagnostics and Oscilloscope diagnostics – and the coverage has been matched to the latest curricula of motor vehicle qualifications, including: IMI and C&G Technical Certificates and NVQs; Level 4 diagnostic units; BTEC National and Higher National qualifications from Edexcel; International Motor Vehicle qualifications such as C&G 3905; and ASE certification in the USA.
How To Use Automotive Diagnostic Scanners
Author: Tracy Martin
Publisher: Motorbooks
ISBN: 1627886486
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 203
Book Description
From hand-held, dedicated units to software that turns PCs and Palm Pilots into powerful diagnostic scanners, auto enthusiasts today have a variety of methods available to make use of on-board diagnostic systems. And not only can they be used to diagnose operational faults, they can be used as low-budget data acquistion systems and dynamometers, so you can maximize your vehicle's performance. Beginning with why scanners are needed to work effectively on modern cars, this book teaches you how to choose the right scanner for your application, how to use the tool, and what each code means. "How To Use Automotive Diagnostic Scanners" is illustrated with photos and diagrams to help you understand OBD-I and OBD-II systems (including CAN) and the scanners that read the information they record. Also included is a comprehensive list of codes and what they mean. From catalytic converters and O2 sensors to emissions and automotive detective work, this is the complete reference for keeping your vehicle EPA-compliant and on the road!
Publisher: Motorbooks
ISBN: 1627886486
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 203
Book Description
From hand-held, dedicated units to software that turns PCs and Palm Pilots into powerful diagnostic scanners, auto enthusiasts today have a variety of methods available to make use of on-board diagnostic systems. And not only can they be used to diagnose operational faults, they can be used as low-budget data acquistion systems and dynamometers, so you can maximize your vehicle's performance. Beginning with why scanners are needed to work effectively on modern cars, this book teaches you how to choose the right scanner for your application, how to use the tool, and what each code means. "How To Use Automotive Diagnostic Scanners" is illustrated with photos and diagrams to help you understand OBD-I and OBD-II systems (including CAN) and the scanners that read the information they record. Also included is a comprehensive list of codes and what they mean. From catalytic converters and O2 sensors to emissions and automotive detective work, this is the complete reference for keeping your vehicle EPA-compliant and on the road!
Auto Electricity and Electronics
Author: Nancy Henke-Konopasek
Publisher: Goodheart-Wilcox Publisher
ISBN: 9781645640745
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 232
Book Description
The Auto Electricity and Electronics Workbook provides questions that reinforce and review textbook content. Organized to follow the textbook on a chapter-by-chapter basis, the Workbook assignments help students engage with the textbook content and aid in effective retention of key facts, ideas, and concepts.
Publisher: Goodheart-Wilcox Publisher
ISBN: 9781645640745
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 232
Book Description
The Auto Electricity and Electronics Workbook provides questions that reinforce and review textbook content. Organized to follow the textbook on a chapter-by-chapter basis, the Workbook assignments help students engage with the textbook content and aid in effective retention of key facts, ideas, and concepts.
Automotive Scan Tool PID Diagnostics
Author: Mandy Concepcion
Publisher: Mandy Concepcion
ISBN:
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 59
Book Description
Automotive Scan Tool PID Diagnostics (Diagnostics Strategies of Modern Automotive Systems ) By Mandy Concepcion In this section, the different techniques of scan tool parameter (PID) analysis will be exposed. Techniques involving PID analysis are quickly catching on, due to their speed and accuracy. By properly analyzing the different scanner PIDs, the technician can arrive at the source of the problem much faster and accurately. These procedures give rise to the new term “driver seat diagnostics”, since most of the preliminary diagnostic work is done through the scanner. However, these techniques will in no way replace the final manual tests that are a part of every diagnostic path. They are simply geared to point the technician in the right direction. Table of Contents INTRODUCTION (Introduction to scan tool diagnostics and the relevance of using PIDs or scanner parameter to perform the first leg of all diagnostics.) - Theory of Operation Behind the Different PIDs (Describes CARB, the difference between generic and enhanced PIDs, the FTP) - OBD II Generic PIDs (PID calculated and actual values, calculated data relationships, base injection timing, ECM value substitution) - OBD I & II General PID analysis (erasing code-or not, recording, analyzing and pinpoint tests, separating PIDs into groups) - Fuel Delivery Fault Detection (fuel delivery issues, intake air temp. sensor, BARO sensor, Engine LOAD, RPM PID, Short-Term Fuel Trims, Long-Term Fuel Trims, 60% of check engine light issues, block learn/integrators, Example 1: injector fault, Example 2: intake gasket issues, fuel status, ignition timing, MAP/MAF, TPS, O2 sensor, IAC, Closed Throttle, injector pulse width, voltage power, injector dutycycle, fuel trim cell) - Test #1 (Determining an engine’s fuel Consumption (rich-lean operation, duty-cycle to fuel trim relationship, O2 sensor to fuel trim relation, FT and vacuum leaks, ignition timing and idle control, test conclusion) - Test # 2 (Misfire Detection Strategy, EGR, Ignition and Mechanical misfires) (misfires and OBD2, scanner misfire detection – a time saver, OBD2 40 and 80 cycle misfire, ignition, injector and EGR density misfire, coil-on-plug, misfires and O2 sensor, lean O2 & Secondary misfire, O2 sensor & injector misfires, leaky injector, EGR and the MAP, Type A, B, C misfires, test conclusion) - Test # 3 (Air/Fuel Ratio Faults) (air-fuel imbalance, MAF and post O2 sensors, open-closed-loop, fuel enable, HC & CO relation to AF issues, test conclusion) - Test # 4 (BARO, MAP & MAF PID analysis) (MAP & valve timing faults, ECM behavior, fuel delivery or duty cycle test, volumetric efficiency, , test conclusion) - Test # 5 (Clogged exhaust) (clogged catalytic converter detection, TPS, MAF and converters, idle and WOT or wide open throttle values, vacuum readings, MAP to WOT chats analysis, engine and MAP vacuum, test conclusion) - Test # 6 (EGR Fault Detection) (EGR and MAP values, ECM reaction to EGR issues, EGR temp sensor, DPFE sensor, EGR and O2-MAP and lift position sensor, EGR and engine pre-loading, EGR and the ECM erroneous high LOAD issues, test conclusion) - Test # 7 (O2 Sensor Heater) (O2 heaters and why?, tough to check O2 heater issues, O2 heater effect on signal output, O2 heater bias voltage, engine off and O2 changing value, test conclusion) - Test # 8 (Resetting Fuel Trims) (resetting injection pulse corrections, long-term and short-term fuel trims, learn condition, Lambda, case study on fuel trims, FT resetting according to manufacturer, test conclusion) - Test # 9 (Engine Cranking Vacuum Test) (MAP/MAF cranking vacuum, vacuum to PID analysis, vacuum leaks, gauge-PID test, sources of leaks, cranking values, test conclusion)
Publisher: Mandy Concepcion
ISBN:
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 59
Book Description
Automotive Scan Tool PID Diagnostics (Diagnostics Strategies of Modern Automotive Systems ) By Mandy Concepcion In this section, the different techniques of scan tool parameter (PID) analysis will be exposed. Techniques involving PID analysis are quickly catching on, due to their speed and accuracy. By properly analyzing the different scanner PIDs, the technician can arrive at the source of the problem much faster and accurately. These procedures give rise to the new term “driver seat diagnostics”, since most of the preliminary diagnostic work is done through the scanner. However, these techniques will in no way replace the final manual tests that are a part of every diagnostic path. They are simply geared to point the technician in the right direction. Table of Contents INTRODUCTION (Introduction to scan tool diagnostics and the relevance of using PIDs or scanner parameter to perform the first leg of all diagnostics.) - Theory of Operation Behind the Different PIDs (Describes CARB, the difference between generic and enhanced PIDs, the FTP) - OBD II Generic PIDs (PID calculated and actual values, calculated data relationships, base injection timing, ECM value substitution) - OBD I & II General PID analysis (erasing code-or not, recording, analyzing and pinpoint tests, separating PIDs into groups) - Fuel Delivery Fault Detection (fuel delivery issues, intake air temp. sensor, BARO sensor, Engine LOAD, RPM PID, Short-Term Fuel Trims, Long-Term Fuel Trims, 60% of check engine light issues, block learn/integrators, Example 1: injector fault, Example 2: intake gasket issues, fuel status, ignition timing, MAP/MAF, TPS, O2 sensor, IAC, Closed Throttle, injector pulse width, voltage power, injector dutycycle, fuel trim cell) - Test #1 (Determining an engine’s fuel Consumption (rich-lean operation, duty-cycle to fuel trim relationship, O2 sensor to fuel trim relation, FT and vacuum leaks, ignition timing and idle control, test conclusion) - Test # 2 (Misfire Detection Strategy, EGR, Ignition and Mechanical misfires) (misfires and OBD2, scanner misfire detection – a time saver, OBD2 40 and 80 cycle misfire, ignition, injector and EGR density misfire, coil-on-plug, misfires and O2 sensor, lean O2 & Secondary misfire, O2 sensor & injector misfires, leaky injector, EGR and the MAP, Type A, B, C misfires, test conclusion) - Test # 3 (Air/Fuel Ratio Faults) (air-fuel imbalance, MAF and post O2 sensors, open-closed-loop, fuel enable, HC & CO relation to AF issues, test conclusion) - Test # 4 (BARO, MAP & MAF PID analysis) (MAP & valve timing faults, ECM behavior, fuel delivery or duty cycle test, volumetric efficiency, , test conclusion) - Test # 5 (Clogged exhaust) (clogged catalytic converter detection, TPS, MAF and converters, idle and WOT or wide open throttle values, vacuum readings, MAP to WOT chats analysis, engine and MAP vacuum, test conclusion) - Test # 6 (EGR Fault Detection) (EGR and MAP values, ECM reaction to EGR issues, EGR temp sensor, DPFE sensor, EGR and O2-MAP and lift position sensor, EGR and engine pre-loading, EGR and the ECM erroneous high LOAD issues, test conclusion) - Test # 7 (O2 Sensor Heater) (O2 heaters and why?, tough to check O2 heater issues, O2 heater effect on signal output, O2 heater bias voltage, engine off and O2 changing value, test conclusion) - Test # 8 (Resetting Fuel Trims) (resetting injection pulse corrections, long-term and short-term fuel trims, learn condition, Lambda, case study on fuel trims, FT resetting according to manufacturer, test conclusion) - Test # 9 (Engine Cranking Vacuum Test) (MAP/MAF cranking vacuum, vacuum to PID analysis, vacuum leaks, gauge-PID test, sources of leaks, cranking values, test conclusion)
Automotive Electricity and Electronics
Author: Jones
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning
ISBN: 1284148572
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 434
Book Description
Suitable for students with no experience in electricity and electronics, this volume in the CDX Master Automotive Technician Series introduces students to the basic skills and tools they need to perform electrical diagnosis in the shop. Utilizing a “strategy-based diagnostics” approach, this book helps students master technical trouble-shooting in order to properly resolve the customer concern on the first attempt.
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning
ISBN: 1284148572
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 434
Book Description
Suitable for students with no experience in electricity and electronics, this volume in the CDX Master Automotive Technician Series introduces students to the basic skills and tools they need to perform electrical diagnosis in the shop. Utilizing a “strategy-based diagnostics” approach, this book helps students master technical trouble-shooting in order to properly resolve the customer concern on the first attempt.
Modern Automotive Technology
Author: James E. Duffy
Publisher: Goodheart-Wilcox Publisher
ISBN: 9781566374446
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Modern Automotive Technology details the construction, operation, diagnosis, service, and repair of late-model automobiles and light trucks. This comprehensive text uses a building block approach that starts with the fundamental principles of system operation and progresses gradually to complex diagnostic and service procedures. Short sentences, concise definitions, and thousands of color illustrations help students learn quickly and easily The 1998 edition has been extensively revised and provides thorough coverage of the latest developments in the automotive field, including OBD II diagnostics, IM 240 testing, misfire monitoring, air bag systems, anti-lock brakes, and security systems. Organized around the eight ASE automobile test areas, this text is a valuable resource for students preparing for a career in automotive technology, as well as experienced technicians preparing for the ASE Certification/Recertification Tests.
Publisher: Goodheart-Wilcox Publisher
ISBN: 9781566374446
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Modern Automotive Technology details the construction, operation, diagnosis, service, and repair of late-model automobiles and light trucks. This comprehensive text uses a building block approach that starts with the fundamental principles of system operation and progresses gradually to complex diagnostic and service procedures. Short sentences, concise definitions, and thousands of color illustrations help students learn quickly and easily The 1998 edition has been extensively revised and provides thorough coverage of the latest developments in the automotive field, including OBD II diagnostics, IM 240 testing, misfire monitoring, air bag systems, anti-lock brakes, and security systems. Organized around the eight ASE automobile test areas, this text is a valuable resource for students preparing for a career in automotive technology, as well as experienced technicians preparing for the ASE Certification/Recertification Tests.
Automotive Computerized and Electrical Diagnostics Technology
Author: Asoro Osasumwen
Publisher: Independently Published
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 308
Book Description
AUTOMOTIVE COMPUTERIZED AND ELECTRICAL DIAGNOSTICS TECHNOLOGY is a book that deals with the technology behind computerized and electrical diagnosis of systems and components in the vehicle. This book provides theories of the operations of the On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) protocol; which include the OBD I and OBD II protocol.This book is present a practical approach to automotive diagnostic technology, with step by step analysis.The book also entails the use of various kind of diagnostic tools for various diagnostics operations, the terminology involves in the diagnostic procedure and also the technology behinds it operation.The render step by step procedures of diagnostics operations which is compatible for all kind of diagnostic tool, with necessary advices on how to perform the operations. It also touches all kind of diagnostic tools and diagnostics operation available in the automotive technology industry.This book also cover aspect such as Electronic Control Unit (ECU) reprogramming and repairs, it involves reprogramming of various systems and components in the vehicle.Some key topics in this book involves:1. AUTOMOTIVE DIAGNOSTICS TECHNOLOGY.2. THE ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS (OBD I) SYSTEM/PROTOCOL. 3. HOW TO DIAGNOSE USING OBD I PROTOCOL.4. ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTIC (OBD II) SYSTEM/PROTOCOL.5. DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS/SCANNERS.6. ELM327.7. LIMITATIONS OF ELM327.8. ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT (ECU) AND SENSORS.9. CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK (CAN).10. CHECK ENGINE LIGHT.11. CODE READERS VERSUS DIAGNOSTIC SCANNERS.12. CURRENT AND STORED FAULTS CODES.13. SOFTWARE/APPLICATIONS FOR DIAGNOSTICS TOOLS.14. CRACKED SOFTWARE VERSION AND CLONED SCAN TOOLS.15. IMMOBILIZERS.16. VIN- VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER.17. SCN- SOFTWARE CALIBRATION NUMBER coding.18. MULTIPLEXING19. WARNING LIGHTS.20. SENSORS AND APPLICATIONS.21. APPLICATION OF SENSORS IN BRAKING AND STABILITY SYSTEM OF VEHICLES.22. AUTOMOBILE DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGY IN AFRICA (TAKING NIGERIA AS A CASE STUDY). 23. IMPORTANCE OF EVENT/HISTORY RECORDS IN AUTO DIAGNOSTICS TECHNOLOGY.24. IMPORTANCE OF REGULAR DIAGNOSTICS OPERATION.25. MECHATRONICS IN AUTOMOBILE DIAGNOSTICS TECHNOLOGY. 26. ELECTRIC VEHICLES.27. CLASSIFICATION AND FEATURES OF DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS/SCANNERS.28. GENERIC FAULT CODES.29. CHOOSING A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL/SCANNER.30. HOW TO USE A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL/SOFTWARE.31. STEP BY STEP DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE.32. REPROGRAMMING OF SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS IN THE VEHICLE.33. STEPS TO REPROGRAM THE AIRBAG SYSTEM.34. IMMOBILIZER AND ECU REPROGRAMMING.35. PIN GENERATION FOR REPROGRAMMING.36. HOW TO REPROGRAM KEY TO THE IMMOBILIZER AND ECU.37. HOW TO GENERATE PASSCODE OR PIN FROM THE MANUFACTURER OR SERVICE PROVIDER.38. HOW DOES THE IMMOBILIZER SYSTEM WORKS.39. HOW TO DETECT AND DEAL WITH FAULTS IN THE IMMOBILIZER SYSTEM.40. VARIOUS FAULTS IN THE IMMOBILIZER SYSTEM AND SOLUTION.41. LIMITATIONS OF SOME DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS ON SCANNING AND REPROGRAMMING THE IMMOBIIZER SYSTEM.42. HOW TO REPROGRAM THE IMMOBILIZER SYSTEM. 43. HOW TO KNOW AN IMMOBILIZER UNIT IS FAULTY.44. HOW TO KNOW A FAULTY ECU.45. DIAGNOSTIC TOOL/SOFTWARE FOR ECU/IMMOBILIZER REPROGRAMMING.46. ELECTRICAL ERASABLE PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY MEMORY-EEPROM.47. ECU MAPPING.48. ECU TURNING.49. POWERTRAIN CONTROL MODULE (PCM).50. GENERIC DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTC).51. GENERIC DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTC) WITH THEIR DESCRIPTION.
Publisher: Independently Published
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 308
Book Description
AUTOMOTIVE COMPUTERIZED AND ELECTRICAL DIAGNOSTICS TECHNOLOGY is a book that deals with the technology behind computerized and electrical diagnosis of systems and components in the vehicle. This book provides theories of the operations of the On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) protocol; which include the OBD I and OBD II protocol.This book is present a practical approach to automotive diagnostic technology, with step by step analysis.The book also entails the use of various kind of diagnostic tools for various diagnostics operations, the terminology involves in the diagnostic procedure and also the technology behinds it operation.The render step by step procedures of diagnostics operations which is compatible for all kind of diagnostic tool, with necessary advices on how to perform the operations. It also touches all kind of diagnostic tools and diagnostics operation available in the automotive technology industry.This book also cover aspect such as Electronic Control Unit (ECU) reprogramming and repairs, it involves reprogramming of various systems and components in the vehicle.Some key topics in this book involves:1. AUTOMOTIVE DIAGNOSTICS TECHNOLOGY.2. THE ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS (OBD I) SYSTEM/PROTOCOL. 3. HOW TO DIAGNOSE USING OBD I PROTOCOL.4. ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTIC (OBD II) SYSTEM/PROTOCOL.5. DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS/SCANNERS.6. ELM327.7. LIMITATIONS OF ELM327.8. ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT (ECU) AND SENSORS.9. CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK (CAN).10. CHECK ENGINE LIGHT.11. CODE READERS VERSUS DIAGNOSTIC SCANNERS.12. CURRENT AND STORED FAULTS CODES.13. SOFTWARE/APPLICATIONS FOR DIAGNOSTICS TOOLS.14. CRACKED SOFTWARE VERSION AND CLONED SCAN TOOLS.15. IMMOBILIZERS.16. VIN- VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER.17. SCN- SOFTWARE CALIBRATION NUMBER coding.18. MULTIPLEXING19. WARNING LIGHTS.20. SENSORS AND APPLICATIONS.21. APPLICATION OF SENSORS IN BRAKING AND STABILITY SYSTEM OF VEHICLES.22. AUTOMOBILE DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGY IN AFRICA (TAKING NIGERIA AS A CASE STUDY). 23. IMPORTANCE OF EVENT/HISTORY RECORDS IN AUTO DIAGNOSTICS TECHNOLOGY.24. IMPORTANCE OF REGULAR DIAGNOSTICS OPERATION.25. MECHATRONICS IN AUTOMOBILE DIAGNOSTICS TECHNOLOGY. 26. ELECTRIC VEHICLES.27. CLASSIFICATION AND FEATURES OF DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS/SCANNERS.28. GENERIC FAULT CODES.29. CHOOSING A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL/SCANNER.30. HOW TO USE A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL/SOFTWARE.31. STEP BY STEP DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE.32. REPROGRAMMING OF SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS IN THE VEHICLE.33. STEPS TO REPROGRAM THE AIRBAG SYSTEM.34. IMMOBILIZER AND ECU REPROGRAMMING.35. PIN GENERATION FOR REPROGRAMMING.36. HOW TO REPROGRAM KEY TO THE IMMOBILIZER AND ECU.37. HOW TO GENERATE PASSCODE OR PIN FROM THE MANUFACTURER OR SERVICE PROVIDER.38. HOW DOES THE IMMOBILIZER SYSTEM WORKS.39. HOW TO DETECT AND DEAL WITH FAULTS IN THE IMMOBILIZER SYSTEM.40. VARIOUS FAULTS IN THE IMMOBILIZER SYSTEM AND SOLUTION.41. LIMITATIONS OF SOME DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS ON SCANNING AND REPROGRAMMING THE IMMOBIIZER SYSTEM.42. HOW TO REPROGRAM THE IMMOBILIZER SYSTEM. 43. HOW TO KNOW AN IMMOBILIZER UNIT IS FAULTY.44. HOW TO KNOW A FAULTY ECU.45. DIAGNOSTIC TOOL/SOFTWARE FOR ECU/IMMOBILIZER REPROGRAMMING.46. ELECTRICAL ERASABLE PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY MEMORY-EEPROM.47. ECU MAPPING.48. ECU TURNING.49. POWERTRAIN CONTROL MODULE (PCM).50. GENERIC DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTC).51. GENERIC DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTC) WITH THEIR DESCRIPTION.