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Author: Mishaela DiNino Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 145
Book Description
Cochlear implants (CIs) restore auditory perception to individuals with severe to profound hearing loss, yet identification of speech sounds remains limited due to degraded or distorted representations of frequency information. Spectral resolution, the ability to resolve the frequency components of an auditory signal, is essential for accurate speech identification but is limited in CI users of all ages. Spectral resolution of individuals with CIs can be further impaired by suboptimal interfaces between CI electrodes and auditory neurons in the cochlea. These interfaces could result from neuronal degeneration that occurred during the period of deafness prior to implantation, CI electrodes located distant to auditory neurons, or bone and tissue growth in the cochlea after CI surgery. The aim of this dissertation was to investigate the relation between the electrode-neuron interface and auditory perception in children and adults with CIs. These experiments respectively examined 1) the patterns of phoneme identification errors resulting from specific spectral degradations that mimicked the effects of poor electrode-neuron interfaces, 2) the developmental time course of spectral resolution and vowel identification in pediatric CI users, 3) auditory perception related to the electrode-neuron interface in two groups with divergent hearing histories: early-implanted children and late-implanted adults, and 4) speech-based spectral resolution in children and adults with normal hearing and with CIs. The results from these experiments provide an improved understanding of the effects of suboptimal CI electrode-neuron interfaces on spectral resolution and phoneme identification performance of CI users. Findings from these studies also indicated that cochlear implantation in children enhances auditory system development and drives maturation of auditory perception. Finally, these experiments demonstrated that prelingually-deafened, early-implanted children differ from postlingually-deafened, later implanted adults in both cochlear physiology and integration of acoustic cues for speech sounds. The knowledge gained from this dissertation laid the foundation for the creation of experimental CI program processing strategies to enhance spectral transmission for children and adults with CIs.
Author: Mishaela DiNino Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 145
Book Description
Cochlear implants (CIs) restore auditory perception to individuals with severe to profound hearing loss, yet identification of speech sounds remains limited due to degraded or distorted representations of frequency information. Spectral resolution, the ability to resolve the frequency components of an auditory signal, is essential for accurate speech identification but is limited in CI users of all ages. Spectral resolution of individuals with CIs can be further impaired by suboptimal interfaces between CI electrodes and auditory neurons in the cochlea. These interfaces could result from neuronal degeneration that occurred during the period of deafness prior to implantation, CI electrodes located distant to auditory neurons, or bone and tissue growth in the cochlea after CI surgery. The aim of this dissertation was to investigate the relation between the electrode-neuron interface and auditory perception in children and adults with CIs. These experiments respectively examined 1) the patterns of phoneme identification errors resulting from specific spectral degradations that mimicked the effects of poor electrode-neuron interfaces, 2) the developmental time course of spectral resolution and vowel identification in pediatric CI users, 3) auditory perception related to the electrode-neuron interface in two groups with divergent hearing histories: early-implanted children and late-implanted adults, and 4) speech-based spectral resolution in children and adults with normal hearing and with CIs. The results from these experiments provide an improved understanding of the effects of suboptimal CI electrode-neuron interfaces on spectral resolution and phoneme identification performance of CI users. Findings from these studies also indicated that cochlear implantation in children enhances auditory system development and drives maturation of auditory perception. Finally, these experiments demonstrated that prelingually-deafened, early-implanted children differ from postlingually-deafened, later implanted adults in both cochlear physiology and integration of acoustic cues for speech sounds. The knowledge gained from this dissertation laid the foundation for the creation of experimental CI program processing strategies to enhance spectral transmission for children and adults with CIs.
Author: Nancy M Young Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1493927884 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 362
Book Description
This book will move the field of pediatric cochlear implantation forward by educating clinicians in the field as to current and emerging best practices and inspiring research in new areas of importance, including the relationship between cognitive processing and pediatric cochlear implant outcomes. The book discusses communication practices, including sign language for deaf children with cochlear implants and the role of augmentative/alternative communication for children with multiple disabilities. Focusing exclusively on cochlear implantation as it applies to the pediatric population, this book also discusses music therapy, minimizing the risk of meningitis in pediatric implant recipients, recognizing device malfunction and failure in children, perioperative anesthesia and analgesia considerations in children, and much more. Cochlear Implants in Children is aimed at clinicians, including neurotologists, pediatric otolaryngologists, audiologists and speech-language pathologists, as well as clinical scientists and educators of the deaf. The book is also appropriate for pre-and postdoctoral students, including otolaryngology residents and fellows in Neurotology and Pediatric Otolaryngology.
Author: Kelly N. Jahn Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 172
Book Description
Cochlear implants (CIs) can improve auditory perception for children and adults with severe to profound hearing loss, but little is known about how to optimize clinical interventions for individual patients. In fact, children and adults receive largely the same CI programming strategies despite their divergent hearing histories and auditory needs. Since CIs are designed to interface directly with the auditory nerve, knowledge of the physiological integrity of the spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) may assist in developing patient-specific programming recommendations for children and adults. A series of experiments was conducted to quantify various aspects of SGN health in children and adults with CIs. Using the electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP), the first two experiments determined whether local (within-ear) or global (across-ear) estimates of SGN density differ between child-implanted and adult-implanted listeners. A third experiment assessed the validity of using polarity sensitivity to infer the health of the peripheral processes in CI listeners, and a fourth experiment determined whether polarity sensitivity differed between children and adults with CIs. The results of these experiments suggested that young CI listeners who were deafened and implanted during childhood likely have denser populations of viable SGNs than older, adult-implanted listeners. However, deaf individuals may experience some degree of peripheral process degeneration regardless of their hearing history. The knowledge gained from these experiments suggests that optimal CI programming strategies may differ for children and adults. The results of this dissertation provide several avenues for future investigation of individualized programming parameters in listeners with diverse hearing histories.
Author: Lindsay A. DeVries Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 108
Book Description
Cochlear implants (CI) are surgically implanted devices that provide sound input to individuals with severe-to-profound hearing loss. While relatively successful, speech understanding abilities are highly variable among implant listeners in both quiet and noisy environments. One source of this variability is the electrode-neuron interface, which refers to how well each electrode activates target auditory neurons. Poor electrode-neuron interfaces may increase channel interaction, which can distort spectral information and result in decreased speech understanding. Electrode position, bone and tissue growth, and the integrity of the auditory neurons are important factors that affect the electrode-neuron interface. Currently, it is not possible to directly measure neural integrity in CI listeners; therefore, obtaining information about electrode position is an alternative approach to assessing the electrode-neuron interface. Information about electrode position is available through computerized tomography (CT) imaging. However, CT imaging is not readily available to audiologists, thus limiting its usefulness in a clinical setting. The purpose of this dissertation work was to examine the relationship between CT-estimated electrode position and two measures of channel interaction: an objective measure, the electrically evoked compound action potential (Experiment 1) and a behavioral measure, the psychophysical tuning curve (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, we created novel listener strategies based on channels with poor electrode position and excessive channel interaction (based on measures from Experiment 2) in an effort to improve spectral resolution and speech understanding. Results from Experiment 1 and 2 demonstrated that the electrically evoked compound action potential and psychophysical tuning curves, two measures of channel interaction, are correlated with CT-estimates of electrode position. In other words, those electrodes farther from the inner wall of the cochlea tended to exhibit excessive channel interaction with these measures. Results from Experiment 3 suggest that CI listeners can gain improved speech understanding when manipulating channels to compensate for poor electrode position or excessive channel interaction. Importantly, manipulating the "wrong" channels can lead to a detriment in performance. This dissertation work lays the groundwork for assessment of an important aspect of the electrode-neuron interface and the practical application of these measures to CI listener strategies.
Author: Pim van Dijk Publisher: Springer ISBN: 331925474X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 487
Book Description
The International Symposium on Hearing is a prestigious, triennial gathering where world-class scientists present and discuss the most recent advances in the field of human and animal hearing research. The 2015 edition will particularly focus on integrative approaches linking physiological, psychophysical and cognitive aspects of normal and impaired hearing. Like previous editions, the proceedings will contain about 50 chapters ranging from basic to applied research, and of interest to neuroscientists, psychologists, audiologists, engineers, otolaryngologists, and artificial intelligence researchers.
Author: Fan-Gang Zeng Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1441994343 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 397
Book Description
Cochlear implants are currently the standard treatment for profound sensorineural hearing loss. In the last decade, advances in auditory science and technology have not only greatly expanded the utility of electric stimulation to other parts of the auditory nervous system in addition to the cochlea, but have also demonstrated drastic changes in the brain in responses to electric stimulation, including changes in language development and music perception. Volume 20 of SHAR focused on basic science and technology underlying the cochlear implant. However, due to the newness of the ideas and technology, the volume did not cover any emerging applications such as bilateral cochlear implants, combined acoustic-electric stimulation, and other types of auditory prostheses, nor did it review brain plasticity in responses to electric stimulation and its perceptual and language consequences. This proposed volume takes off from Volume 20, and expands the examination of implants into new and highly exciting areas. This edited book starts with an overview and introduction by Dr. Fan-Gang Zeng. Chapters 2-9 cover technological development and the advances in treating the full spectrum of ear disorders in the last ten years. Chapters 10-15 discuss brain responses to electric stimulation and their perceptual impact. This volume is particularly exciting because there have been quantum leap from the traditional technology discussed in Volume 20. Thus, this volume is timely and will be of real importance to the SHAR audience.
Author: David Pisoni Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0470756772 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 704
Book Description
The Handbook of Speech Perception is a collection of forward-looking articles that offer a summary of the technical and theoretical accomplishments in this vital area of research on language. Now available in paperback, this uniquely comprehensive companion brings together in one volume the latest research conducted in speech perception Contains original contributions by leading researchers in the field Illustrates technical and theoretical accomplishments and challenges across the field of research and language Adds to a growing understanding of the far-reaching relevance of speech perception in the fields of phonetics, audiology and speech science, cognitive science, experimental psychology, behavioral neuroscience, computer science, and electrical engineering, among others.
Author: Takeshi Kubo Publisher: Kugler Publications ISBN: 9789062991914 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 624
Book Description
Introduction On behalf of the Organizing Committee of the Third Congress of Asia Pacific Symposium on Cochlear Implant and Related Sciences (3rd APSCI), I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to all the attendants at the meeting, as well as to the contributors to these Proceedings. As most of you will have realized, the meeting was a great success both from a scientific as well as a social point of view. Almost four hundred attendants from 25 countries gathered in the Osaka Convention Hall. The program consisted of three parallel workshops spanning one and a half days, and three full days of scientific sessions. The weather was ideal, and our guests were able to see the cherry trees in full blossom and to enjoy their fill of Japanese culture. We have great pleasure in sending you your copy of the Proceedings of the 3rd APSCI, which contains all the updated information and state-of-the-art knowledge on cochlear implants and implantable hearing devices. As is indicated in the title of the meeting, this book covers many areas that are of scientific interest to us. The articles cover subjects ranging from surgical issues with regard to cochlear implantation, to basic studies on the auditory system, developmental studies in children, communication skills, speech, and education, etc. In addition, the reader will observe that some of the articles are related to implantable middle ear devices, a subject which was not covered in the proceedings of the 1st and 2nd APSCI meetings. The editors sincerely hope that this book will contribute to the development of cochlear implants and middle ear devices. Takeshi Kubo, MD President, 3rd APSCI
Author: Graeme Clark Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387215506 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 864
Book Description
The cochlear implant is a device that bypasses a nonfunctional inner ear and stimulates the auditory nerve directly. Written by the "father" of the multi-electrode implant, this comprehensive text and reference gives an account of the principles underlying cochlear implants and their clinical application. For the clinician, the book will provide guidance in the treatment of patients; for the engineer and researcher it will provide the background for further research; and for the student, it will provide a through understanding of the subject.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309063744 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 423
Book Description
The most recent high-profile advocate for Americans with disabilities, actor Christopher Reeve, has highlighted for the public the economic and social costs of disability and the importance of rehabilitation. Enabling America is a major analysis of the field of rehabilitation science and engineering. The book explains how to achieve recognition for this evolving field of study, how to set priorities, and how to improve the organization and administration of the numerous federal research programs in this area. The committee introduces the "enabling-disability process" model, which enhances the concepts of disability and rehabilitation, and reviews what is known and what research priorities are emerging in the areas of: Pathology and impairment, including differences between children and adults. Functional limitationsâ€"in a person's ability to eat or walk, for example. Disability as the interaction between a person's pathologies, impairments, and functional limitations and the surrounding physical and social environments. This landmark volume will be of special interest to anyone involved in rehabilitation science and engineering: federal policymakers, rehabilitation practitioners and administrators, researchers, and advocates for persons with disabilities.
Author: Mishaela DiNino
Author: Mishaela DiNino
Author: Nancy M Young
Author: Kelly N. Jahn
Author: Lindsay A. DeVries
Author: Pim van Dijk
Author: Fan-Gang Zeng
Author: David Pisoni
Author: Takeshi Kubo
Author: Graeme Clark
Author: Institute of Medicine