Attorney General Opinion No. 1989-148 PDF Download

Author: Robert T. Stephan
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Because the Kansas Constitution does not define the term "merchants' and manufacturers' inventory" for purposes of the property tax exemption in article 11, section 1, it is appropriate to rely on common understanding of the terms at the time the constitutional provision was adopted, and the statutory definitions contained in K.S.A. 1988 Supp. 79-201m. The scope of these definitions does not include real estate, such as houses constructed on-site for later sale. Therefore, such property is not eligible for the merchants' and manufacturers' inventory exemption from property tax under article 11, section 1. Cited herein: K.S.A. 79-102; K.S.A. 1988 Supp. 79-201m, as amended by L. 1989, ch. 289, section 1; Kan. Const., Art. 11, section 1.

Author: Robert T. Stephan
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A search warrant maybe issued by a district magistrate judge upon the sworn oral or written statement of a city attorney. Municipal law enforcement officers may execute such warrant, and property seized pursuant to the warrant may be admissible as evidence in a municipal court. However, K.S.A. 1985 Supp. 8-1001(f) precludes the use of a search warrant to obtain a blood sample from a person who has refused to submit to a blood, breath or urine test pursuant to that statute. An ordinance authorizing such procedure would be in conflict with the state statute prohibiting further testing after an informed refusal. Cited herein: K.S.A. 1985 Supp. 8-1001, as amended by L. 1986, ch. 40, section 2; K.S.A. 1985 Supp. 8-1005, as amended by L. 1986, ch. 41, section 1; K.S.A. 1985 Supp. 8-1567(m); K.S.A. 12-4504; K.S.A. 1985 Supp. 22-2202, as amended by L. 1986, ch. 133, section 1; K.S.A. 22-2502; 22-2503; 22-2507; L. 1986, ch. 40, section 1.

Author: Robert T. Stephan
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Property seized from a pawnbroker and held by law enforcement officials for use as evidence in a criminal proceeding is regarded as being in c̲u̲s̲t̲o̲d̲i̲a̲ l̲e̲g̲i̲s̲ and subject to the court's order as to the disposition thereof in the same proceeding. If the property is identified as being stolen, it is the duty of the court and the state to see that the property is restored to its rightful owner at the earliest opportunity. However, the due process rights of the pawnbroker must be respected, W̲o̲l̲f̲e̲n̲b̲a̲r̲g̲e̲r̲ ̲v̲.̲ ̲W̲i̲l̲l̲i̲a̲m̲s̲, 774 F.2d 358 (10th Cir. 1985), and the Court should provide the pawnbroker with notice and opportunity to be heard before releasing property to the apparent owner. Cited herein: K.S.A. 1988 Supp. 22-2512.

Author: Robert T. Stephan
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K.S.A. 1988 Supp. 12-1222, and the act of which it is a part, contain provisions which are not uniformly applicable to all cities. Accordingly, a city may use its home rule authority to charter out from the provisions of that statute, including the requirement that members appointed to a library board be residents of the municipality. Cited herein: K.S.A. 1988 Supp. 12-1222; Kan. Const., Art. 12, section 5.

Author: Robert T. Stephan
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Under the United States Supreme Court decision in H̲a̲z̲e̲l̲w̲o̲o̲d̲ ̲S̲c̲h̲o̲o̲l̲ ̲D̲i̲s̲t̲r̲i̲c̲t̲ ̲v̲.̲ ̲K̲u̲h̲l̲m̲e̲i̲e̲̲r̲, local public school officials and administrators may exercise reasonable control over activities sponsored by a public school such as publications, theatrical productions and other expressive activities so long as the educators' actions are reasonably related to legitimate pedagogical concerns and there is no intent to create a public forum. Also, Section 11 of the Kansas Bill of Rights does not provide an absolute right to freedom of speech and expression. Students in private, accredited schools are subject to reasonable school regulations. The H̲a̲z̲e̲l̲w̲o̲o̲d̲ decision applies to public schools on its facts, and does not apply to non-public schools. Cited herein: Kans. Const., B. of R., section 11; U.S. Const., Amend. I, XIV.

Author: Robert T. Stephan
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T̲h̲e̲ ̲W̲y̲a̲n̲d̲o̲t̲t̲e̲ ̲E̲c̲h̲o̲, in its current form, qualifies as a newspaper in which legal notices may be published pursuant to K.S.A. 1988 Supp. 64-101. Cited herein: K.S.A. 1988 Supp. 64-101.

Author: Robert T. Stephan
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Where there has been a violation of the common law rule cited in Attorney General Opinion No. 90-59, both resignations and reappointments should be considered a nullity. Cited herein: K.S.A. 1989 Supp. 13-1806.

Author: Robert T. Stephan
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A regulatory agency cannot promulgate a policy statement in lieu of a regulation if the policy statement is intended to create or affect rights and obligations of persons subject to the agency's control. Additionally, all amendments or modifications of a regulation are subject to the filing and publishing requirements in article 4, chapter 77 of the Kansas Statutes Annotated. Cited herein: K.S.A. 1988 Supp. 65-6129; K.S.A. 77-415; K.S.A. 1988 Supp. 77-421; 77-436.

Author: Robert T. Stephan
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Pursuant to K.S.A. 75-4319(b)(4), a public body may recess into executive session to discuss confidential financial data or trade secrets. The open meetings act is to be interpreted broadly to give effect to the legislative intent that meetings of public bodies be accessible to the public; exceptions to the act must be construed narrowly. Thus, public bodies must take care to recess into executive session on the basis of K.S.A. 75-4319(b)(4) only when the topic of conversation clearly involves c̲o̲n̲f̲i̲d̲e̲n̲t̲i̲a̲l̲ financial data, or "trade secrets" as that term has been defined by Kansas courts. Cited herein: K.S.A. 60-3320; 75-4317; K.S.A. 1987 Supp. 75-4318; K.S.A. 75-4319, as amended by L. 1988, ch. 315, section 4.

Author: Robert T. Stephan
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While the state may require abortions to be performed in licensed facilities from and after the first trimester, K.S.A. 21-3407 sweeps too broadly and the offending provisions cannot be severed from the rest without legislative amendment. We note that the United States Supreme Court is currently considering a case which may modify Roe v. Wade, and thus render this opinion invalid. Cited herein: K.S.A. 21-3407.