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Author: M. C. Dye Publisher: Trafford Publishing ISBN: 1466987707 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 247
Book Description
This book is based on stunning true stories about people of all ages in a wide variety of situations. The stories illustrate how unrecognized, incorrect assumptions can cause mistakes, misunderstandings, and tragic outcomes. Assumptions are interwoven into the very fabric of our lives. When we make an assumption we take something for granted. We accept it as fact. The stories also show our need to be respected and understood, the types of assumptions we make, and how we can recognize assumptions before we make them. This is a book about us and how our assumptions affect us. The stories led to the book's title and chapter titles. Most chapters begin with stories. Some of the twenty-one chapter titles are: Urgent!; Tenacious Assumptions, Dogged Beliefs; Automatic Assumptions Can Mislead; Betrayed; Now Will You Listen; Our Doctors Need Our Stories; When We Are Patients; Hospitals; Recognizing Assumptions. Because medical errors are a serious problem, we, as patients, and our medical professionals need to be aware of incorrect assumptions that can compromise our care. Orlando has shown us how we can recognize assumptions and get the story right. Whether in health care or elsewhere, getting the story right can sometimes be crucial.
Author: M. C. Dye Publisher: Trafford Publishing ISBN: 1466987707 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 247
Book Description
This book is based on stunning true stories about people of all ages in a wide variety of situations. The stories illustrate how unrecognized, incorrect assumptions can cause mistakes, misunderstandings, and tragic outcomes. Assumptions are interwoven into the very fabric of our lives. When we make an assumption we take something for granted. We accept it as fact. The stories also show our need to be respected and understood, the types of assumptions we make, and how we can recognize assumptions before we make them. This is a book about us and how our assumptions affect us. The stories led to the book's title and chapter titles. Most chapters begin with stories. Some of the twenty-one chapter titles are: Urgent!; Tenacious Assumptions, Dogged Beliefs; Automatic Assumptions Can Mislead; Betrayed; Now Will You Listen; Our Doctors Need Our Stories; When We Are Patients; Hospitals; Recognizing Assumptions. Because medical errors are a serious problem, we, as patients, and our medical professionals need to be aware of incorrect assumptions that can compromise our care. Orlando has shown us how we can recognize assumptions and get the story right. Whether in health care or elsewhere, getting the story right can sometimes be crucial.
Author: Gary Smith Publisher: Abrams ISBN: 1468310682 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 192
Book Description
How statistical data is used, misused, and abused every day to fool us: “A very entertaining book about a very serious problem.” —Robert J. Shiller, winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics and author of Irrational Exuberance Did you know that baseball players whose names begin with “D” are more likely to die young? That Asian Americans are most susceptible to heart attacks on the fourth day of the month? That drinking a full pot of coffee every morning adds years to your life, but one cup a day increases your pancreatic cancer risk? These “facts” have been argued with a straight face by credentialed researchers and backed up with reams of data and convincing statistics. As Nobel Prize–winning economist Ronald Coase cynically observed, “If you torture data long enough, it will confess.” Lying with statistics is a time-honored con. In Standard Deviations, economics professor Gary Smith walks us through the various tricks and traps that people use to back up their own crackpot theories. Sometimes, the unscrupulous deliberately try to mislead us. Other times, the well-intentioned are blissfully unaware of the mischief they are committing. Today, data is so plentiful that researchers spend precious little time distinguishing between good, meaningful indicators and total rubbish. Not only do others use data to fool us, we fool ourselves. Drawing on breakthrough research in behavioral economics and using clear examples, Standard Deviations demystifies the science behind statistics and makes it easy to spot the fraud all around us. “An entertaining primer . . . packed with figures, tables, graphs and ludicrous examples from people who know better (academics, scientists) and those who don’t (political candidates, advertisers).” —Kirkus Reviews (starred review)
Author: Judea Pearl Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119186862 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 162
Book Description
CAUSAL INFERENCE IN STATISTICS A Primer Causality is central to the understanding and use of data. Without an understanding of cause–effect relationships, we cannot use data to answer questions as basic as "Does this treatment harm or help patients?" But though hundreds of introductory texts are available on statistical methods of data analysis, until now, no beginner-level book has been written about the exploding arsenal of methods that can tease causal information from data. Causal Inference in Statistics fills that gap. Using simple examples and plain language, the book lays out how to define causal parameters; the assumptions necessary to estimate causal parameters in a variety of situations; how to express those assumptions mathematically; whether those assumptions have testable implications; how to predict the effects of interventions; and how to reason counterfactually. These are the foundational tools that any student of statistics needs to acquire in order to use statistical methods to answer causal questions of interest. This book is accessible to anyone with an interest in interpreting data, from undergraduates, professors, researchers, or to the interested layperson. Examples are drawn from a wide variety of fields, including medicine, public policy, and law; a brief introduction to probability and statistics is provided for the uninitiated; and each chapter comes with study questions to reinforce the readers understanding.
Author: Peter Gill Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0124172202 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 195
Book Description
Misleading DNA Evidence: A Guide for Scientists, Judges, and Lawyers presents the reasons miscarriages of justice can occur when dealing with DNA, what the role of the forensic scientist is throughout the process, and how judges and lawyers can educate themselves about all of the possibilities to consider when dealing with cases that involve DNA evidence. DNA has become the gold standard by which a person can be placed at the scene of a crime, and the past decade has seen great advances in this powerful crime solving tool. But the statistics that analysts can attach to DNA evidence often vary, and in some cases the statistical weight assigned to that match, can vary enormously. The numbers provided to juries often overstate the evidence, and can result in a wrongful conviction. In addition to statistics, the way the evidence is collected, stored and analyzed can also result in a wrongful conviction due to contamination. This book reviews high-profile and somewhat contentious cases to illustrate these points, including the death of Meredith Kercher. It examines crucial topics such as characterization of errors and determination of error rates, reporting DNA profiles and the source and sub-source levels, and the essentials of statement writing. It is a concise, readable resource that will help not only scientists, but legal professionals with limited scientific backgrounds, to understand the intricacies of DNA use in the justice system. - Ideal reference for scientists and for those without extensive scientific backgrounds - Written by one of the pioneers in forensic DNA typing and interpretation of DNA profiling results - Ideal format for travel, court environments, or wherever easy access to reference material is vital
Author: John Fox Publisher: SAGE Publications ISBN: 1544375212 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 138
Book Description
Regression diagnostics are methods for determining whether a regression model that has been fit to data adequately represents the structure of the data. For example, if the model assumes a linear (straight-line) relationship between the response and an explanatory variable, is the assumption of linearity warranted? Regression diagnostics not only reveal deficiencies in a regression model that has been fit to data but in many instances may suggest how the model can be improved. The Second Edition of this bestselling volume by John Fox considers two important classes of regression models: the normal linear regression model (LM), in which the response variable is quantitative and assumed to have a normal distribution conditional on the values of the explanatory variables; and generalized linear models (GLMs) in which the conditional distribution of the response variable is a member of an exponential family. R code and data sets for examples within the text can be found on an accompanying website.
Author: Stephan Lewandowsky Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 1134759290 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 443
Book Description
This festschrift represents the proceedings of a conference held in honor of Bennet B. Murdock, one of the foremost researchers and theoreticians on human memory and cognition. A highly renowned investigator respected for both his empirical and theoretical contributions to the field, Murdock summarized and focused a large amount of research activity with his 1974 book Human Memory: Theory and Data. This unique collection of articles addresses many of the issues discussed in his classic text. Divided into five principal sections, its coverage includes: theoretical perspectives on human memory ranging from a biological view to an exposition of the value of formal models; recent progress in the study of processes in immediate memory and recognition memory; and new developments in componential and distributed approaches to the modeling of human memory. Each section concludes with an integrative commentary provided by some of Murdock’s eminent colleagues from the University of Toronto. Thus, this book offers a diversity of perspectives on contemporary topics in the discipline, and will be of interest to students and scholars in all branches of cognitive science.
Author: Keith Mascord Publisher: Wipf and Stock Publishers ISBN: 172523744X Category : Religion Languages : en Pages : 270
Book Description
This book tells the story of Keith's restless journey of faith, from his early days at Prairie Bible Institute in Canada, through positive encounters with Anglican evangelicalism in Australia, and into a more restful and sustainable faith. The book charts a way forward for people who feel they must choose between fundamentalism and jettisoning their faith altogether.
Author: Keenan A. Pituch Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1136677186 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 474
Book Description
James Stevens’ best-selling text, Intermediate Statistics, is written for those who use, rather than develop, statistical techniques. Dr. Stevens focuses on a conceptual understanding of the material rather than on proving the results. SAS and SPSS are an integral part of each chapter. Definitional formulas are used on small data sets to provide conceptual insight into what is being measured. The assumptions underlying each analysis are emphasized and the reader is shown how to test the critical assumptions using SPSS or SAS. Printouts with annotations from SAS or SPSS show how to process the data for each analysis. The annotations highlight what the numbers mean and how to interpret the results. Numerical, conceptual, and computer exercises enhance understanding. Answers are provided for half of the exercises. The book offers comprehensive coverage of one-way, power, and factorial analysis of variance, repeated measures analysis, simple and multiple regression, analysis of covariance, and HLM. Power analysis is an integral part of the book. A computer example of real data integrates many of the concepts. Highlights of the Third Edition include: A new chapter on hierarchical linear modeling using HLM6 A CD containing all of the book’s data sets New coverage of how to cross validate multiple regression results with SPSS and a new section on model selection (Chapter 6) More exercises in each chapter. Intended for intermediate statistics or statistics II courses taught in departments of psychology, education, business, and other social and behavioral sciences, a prerequisite of introductory statistics is required. An Instructor's Resource is available upon adoption. See www.researchmethodsarena.com .
Author: Tim Futing Liao Publisher: SAGE ISBN: 9780803949997 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 100
Book Description
What is the probability that something will occur, and how is that probability altered by a change in an independent variable? To answer these questions, Tim Futing Liao introduces a systematic way of interpreting commonly used probability models. Since much of what social scientists study is measured in noncontinuous ways and, therefore, cannot be analyzed using a classical regression model, it becomes necessary to model the likelihood that an event will occur. This book explores these models first by reviewing each probability model and then by presenting a systematic way for interpreting the results from each.
Author: M. C. Dye
Author: M. C. Dye
Author: Gary Smith
Author: Judea Pearl
Author: Richard A. Berk
Author: Peter Gill
Author: John Fox
Author: Stephan Lewandowsky
Author: Keith Mascord
Author: Keenan A. Pituch
Author: Tim Futing Liao