Author: Adolphina A. Addo-Lartey Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 371
Book Description
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 270 (18- to 30- year old) female participants in the UMass Amherst Vitamin D Status Study (n = 270) to assess the extent to which dietary intakes of calcium and vitamin D are associated with obesity markers. We also evaluated the association between serum 25-OHD concentrations and both adiposity and inflammatory biomarkers. Study participants were mostly Caucasians (84.5%) with normal BMI, although about half of women had high adiposity (total body fat 'TBF'>̲ 32%). Women reporting adequate intakes of calcium (>̲ 1000 mg/day) but low intakes of vitamin D ( 600 IU/day) were more than twice as likely to have a high percentage of TBF compared to women with adequate intakes of both calcium and vitamin D. In addition, women with lower calcium intake from supplements were twice as likely to have a waist circumference ̲ 80 cm (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.04 - 3.99) compared to women in the highest tertile of calcium intake. The magnitude of this association is important since among young women 18-30 years old, a waist circumference greater than 80 cm indicates central obesity and suggests increased visceral adiposity, which contributes to hyperlipidemia and other obesity-related chronic conditions. Among all women, total vitamin D, food vitamin D, and supplemental vitamin D intake were not associated with serum 25-OHD concentration (P > 0.05). However, among supplement users only, intake of vitamin D supplements was positively correlated with serum 25-OHD levels (ß = 0.03 ± 0.01 nmol/L, P = 0.05). These findings support the notion that serum levels of 25-OHD are influenced by other factors besides the vitamin D content of foods, including the use of vitamin D supplements. Serum 25-OHD concentration tended to be correlated with hs-CRP levels (r = 0.14, P = 0.06), but was not significantly associated with adiposity and inflammatory biomarkers. Among women with low 25-OHD (
Author: Martin Kohlmeier Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0123859018 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 397
Book Description
Nutrigenetics: Applying the Science of Personal Nutrition provides a fully referenced, readable guide to understanding the rationale and importance of nutrigenetic applications and explains why single nutrition recommendations will not fit everybody or even a majority of modern humans. This books explains how genetic variation shapes individual nutrition requirements and sensitivities, presents questions to ask about reported gene-nutrient interactions, and what needs to be done before putting nutrigenetic tests to practical use. This book blends key concepts from the fields of genetics, biochemistry, epidemiology, public health, and clinical medicine to give a rich perspective on the genetically diverse nutritional needs and sensitivities of individuals in health and disease. A steadily increasing number of people order genetic tests to find out what they should eat for better health, well being and performance, and an even greater number asks their healthcare providers about such tests. Most of the currently offered tests are not grounded in current knowledge, often absurdly so, but few professionals can explain why they are misguided. On the other hand, there are more evidence-supported genetic variants that can guide nutrition decisions, but again most healthcare providers know little about them, much less use them in their daily practice. There is a great need for a solidly evidence-based yet accessible book that explains the science of nutrigenetics and provides the tools to evaluate new nutrigenetic tests. Comprehensive coverage of the emerging science of nutritional genetics and its promise for individually tailored nutrition guidance Presents practical examples to enhance comprehension and spur additional research Offers a logical progression from what nutrigenetics is, to its possibilities in enhancing health
Author: Emilia Pauline Liao Publisher: Humana Press ISBN: 3319737422 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 258
Book Description
While the skeletal effects of vitamin D are well-documented, the role and importance of vitamin D outside of bone health has not been well-established. Vitamin D receptors are located in nearly every tissue of the body, and low levels of vitamin D are associated with a range of various diseases. This book provides an in-depth examination of these extraskeletal effects of vitamin D and the associations between vitamin D deficiency and various disease states. Beginning with a review of the biochemistry and physiology of vitamin D, subsequent chapters investigate its relationship to autoimmune and infectious diseases, various forms of cancer, endocrine issues such as diabetes, obesity and reproductive function, cardiovascular disease and muscle weakness. Concluding chapters discuss the role of vitamin D in neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's Disease, and cognitive function. Focusing on extraskeletal effects only across a range of conditions, Extraskeletal Effects of Vitamin D will be an important resource for clinical endocrinologists and primary care physicians.
Author: Andrea Giustina Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers ISBN: 3805572964 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 213
Book Description
Osteoporosis is one of the most clinically relevant disabling chronic disease encountered in clinical practice. A common cause of osteoporosis is glucocorticoid excess, as glucocorticoids may increase bone resorption, inhibit bone formation, have indirect actions on bone by decreasing intestinal calcium absorption and induce hypercalciuria. This book presents a comprehensive overview of the effects of glucocorticoids on bone metabolism and structure and on the diagnosis and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. It aims at providing updated information on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this often dramatic complication of glucocorticoid excess. Being one of the few publications completely devoted to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis it will heighten the awareness of specialists who prescribe glucocorticoids of the clinical relevance of this treatment complication. 'Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis' is addressed to clinical experts as well as to general practitioners who will both benefit from the comprehensive and integrative view of the management of patients exposed to glucocorticoids.
Author: Yulong Li Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2832531849 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 344
Book Description
Chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide with increasing prevalence in all age groups, genders, and ethnicities. Emerging evidence suggests that precision nutrition plays a pivotal role in the prevention and management of chronic diseases and has been recognized as a key focus for the next ten years of health research. Currently, one of the major challenges in precision nutrition is the valid and reliable assessment of foods and nutrients intake, especially whole foods (e.g., fermented foods) and macromolecules (e.g., polysaccharides), as well as their impact on host health and disease. Strong evidence has supported that the biomarkers (e.g., metabolites) as an intermediate bridge can effectively link precision nutrition and chronic diseases, which can contribute to objectively assessing food consumption and precisely determining the biological effects of complex foods (ingredients). However, still we are at the very beginning to understand how precision nutrition regulates biomarkers to prevent chronic diseases with individual differences. The molecular mechanisms of key biomarkers in chronic diseases have not been fully elucidated and extensive studies are crucially warranted.
Author: Kerry S. Courneya Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642042317 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 389
Book Description
This book explores in depth the relation between physical activity and cancer control, including primary prevention, coping with treatments, recovery after treatments, long-term survivorship, secondary prevention, and survival. The first part of the book presents the most recent research on the impact of physical activity in preventing a range of cancers. In the second part, the association between physical activity and cancer survivorship is addressed. The effects of physical activity on supportive care endpoints (e.g., quality of life, fatigue, physical functioning) and disease endpoints (e.g., biomarkers, recurrence, survival) are carefully analyzed. In addition, the determinants of physical activity in cancer survivors are discussed, and behavior change strategies for increasing physical activity in cancer survivors are appraised. The final part of the book is devoted to special topics, including the relation of physical activity to pediatric cancer survivorship and to palliative cancer care.
Author: Adolphina A. Addo-Lartey
Author: Martin Kohlmeier
Author: Emilia Pauline Liao
Author: Andrea Giustina
Author: Elaine B. Feldman
Author: Yulong Li
Author: Jasmina Debeljak Martacic
Author: Sivakumar Joghi Thatha Gowder
Author: Qiwei Yang
Author: Kerry S. Courneya