Associations Between Vitamin D Biomarkers and Cardiometabolic Outcomes Among Women PDF Download

Author: Jin Xia
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 240

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There is growing evidence that vitamin D endocrine system may be associated with multiple cardiometabolic outcomes, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), type 2 diabetes, and other relevant cardiometabolic comorbidities, as well as some intermediate cardiometabolic biomarkers. African Americans tend to have lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D] levels and higher cardiometabolic risk than whites. However, the temporal relation between vitamin D status and cardiometabolic outcomes remains unclear due to the lack of longitudinal data. Further, whether adding information on parathyroid hormone (PTH) can explain black-white disparities in cardiometabolic health is unknown. In this dissertation, I first prospectively and longitudinally investigated vitamin D status during early to mid-pregnancy in relation to GDM risk in a multiracial cohort of women from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies-Singleton cohort. I also analyzed the data from the Women's Health Initiative-Observational Study to 1) cross-sectionally examine race (black-white)-specific linear and non-linear relations of 25(OH)D and PTH with a panel of cardiometabolic biomarkers, including high-sensitive C-reactive protein, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and beta-cell function, and 2) cross-sectionally and prospectively evaluate the combined associations of 25(OH)D and PTH with risk of diabetes and related cardiometabolic comorbidities (obesity, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease) in U.S. white and black postmenopausal women. This research provides evidence of the temporal association between vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk among women from racially/ethnically diverse groups, and possible black-white differences in these associations. The findings enhance our understanding of the contribution of vitamin D-PTH endocrine system to racial disparities in cardiometabolic health.

Author: Bibiana Garcia Bailo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Adolphina A. Addo-Lartey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 371

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We conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 270 (18- to 30- year old) female participants in the UMass Amherst Vitamin D Status Study (n = 270) to assess the extent to which dietary intakes of calcium and vitamin D are associated with obesity markers. We also evaluated the association between serum 25-OHD concentrations and both adiposity and inflammatory biomarkers. Study participants were mostly Caucasians (84.5%) with normal BMI, although about half of women had high adiposity (total body fat 'TBF'>̲ 32%). Women reporting adequate intakes of calcium (>̲ 1000 mg/day) but low intakes of vitamin D ( 600 IU/day) were more than twice as likely to have a high percentage of TBF compared to women with adequate intakes of both calcium and vitamin D. In addition, women with lower calcium intake from supplements were twice as likely to have a waist circumference ̲ 80 cm (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.04 - 3.99) compared to women in the highest tertile of calcium intake. The magnitude of this association is important since among young women 18-30 years old, a waist circumference greater than 80 cm indicates central obesity and suggests increased visceral adiposity, which contributes to hyperlipidemia and other obesity-related chronic conditions. Among all women, total vitamin D, food vitamin D, and supplemental vitamin D intake were not associated with serum 25-OHD concentration (P > 0.05). However, among supplement users only, intake of vitamin D supplements was positively correlated with serum 25-OHD levels (ß = 0.03 ± 0.01 nmol/L, P = 0.05). These findings support the notion that serum levels of 25-OHD are influenced by other factors besides the vitamin D content of foods, including the use of vitamin D supplements. Serum 25-OHD concentration tended to be correlated with hs-CRP levels (r = 0.14, P = 0.06), but was not significantly associated with adiposity and inflammatory biomarkers. Among women with low 25-OHD (

Author: Banaz Alkhalidi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Over the last decade, vitamin D deficiency has emerged as a potential risk factor for the development of cardiometabolic diseases. However, the evidence from epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT) has yielded conflicting results. Moreover, vitamin D guidelines by the Institute of Medicine and the Endocrine Society have led to substantial disagreement about what defines optimal levels of vitamin D status, owing in part to the inter-laboratory differences in the measurement of vitamin D status (as measured by total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]) and the inconsistent findings from epidemiological and RCT data in relation to non-skeletal health outcomes. For non-skeletal health outcomes, disagreement still exists about whether the optimal level of 25(OH)D is higher than the currently recommended levels of 25(OH)D for bone health. Therefore, the objectives of this dissertation were; i) to assess the dose-response relationship between standardized total 25(OH)D levels and cardiometabolic health outcomes; ii) to develop optimal vitamin D cutoffs in relation to cardiometabolic health, and; iii) to assess the clinical utility of total 25(OH)D as a biomarker for adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes. Studies 1 and 2 used cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2001-2010), and studies 3 and 4 used prospective data from NHANES III (1988-1994) mortality follow-up. Standardized total 25(OH)D data was used in all four studies. In study 1, results showed that a higher total 25(OH)D was inversely associated with cardiometabolic disease, irrespective of race/ethnicity. In study 2, the optimal total 25(OH)D associated with normal glucose and insulin homeostasis was estimated at 60 nmol/L overall, but differed by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic whites: 68 nmol/L, non-Hispanic blacks: 41 nmol/L, and Mexican-Americans: 54 nmol/L). In study 3, low total 25(OH)D (

Author: Mousa Aya
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Background:Maternal vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in adverse cardiometabolic profiles during pregnancy as well as pregnancy outcomes, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Recent evidence suggests that the relationship between vitamin D and cardiometabolic risk and pregnancy outcomes may be mediated by inflammatory pathways, with growing interest in the potential role of adipokines. However, no previous studies have investigated whether associations between vitamin D and pregnancy-related outcomes may be mediated by underlying adipokine concentrations.Aims:We investigated relationships between maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors during pregnancy and subsequent pregnancy outcomes. We also explored whether the associations between 25(OH)D and cardiometabolic risk factors and pregnancy outcomes may be mediated by circulating adipokine concentrations.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study, we used bio-banked samples collected at 12-15 weeks gestation from 102 overweight or obese pregnant women who were classified as being at high risk of GDM based on a validated risk prediction tool. We measured circulating serum 25(OH)D (chemiluminescent immunoassay), serum lipids (total, high-, and low- density cholesterol, and triglycerides) (ELISA), serum inflammatory markers: interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and novel adipokines: omentin-1, visfatin, and high molecular weight (HMW)-adiponectin (ELISA). Fasting, 1-hour, and 2-hour glucose levels were assessed by oral glucose tolerance tests conducted at 20-24 weeks gestation, and pregnancy outcomes were recorded at delivery. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were performed with adjustment for maternal factors: age, body mass index (BMI), parity, smoking status, and country of birth. Results:Participants were aged 31.9 u00b1 4.5 years (mean u00b1 SD) with a BMI of 30.6 u00b1 6.6 kg/m2 and 25(OH)D level of 47.9 u00b1 16.0 nmol/L. In univariable analyses, serum 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with fasting glucose, 1-hour glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and IL-6, and positively associated with HMW-adiponectin and length of gestation. Higher 25(OH)D concentrations were also associated with reduced risk of GDM. In multiple regression analyses adjusted for maternal factors, 25(OH)D concentrations remained negatively associated with fasting and 1-hour glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides, and positively associated with HMW-adiponectin and length of gestation. Higher 25(OH)D concentrations remained associated with reduced risk of GDM after adjustment for maternal factors, and became associated with reduced risk of preterm birth after additional adjustment for caesarean section. However, adding HMW-adiponectin to the multivariable models attenuated all associations, except fasting glucose and length of gestation. Discussion:In a well-characterized cohort of overweight or obese pregnant women at high risk of GDM, we found that lower 25(OH)D concentrations at 12-15 weeks gestation were associated with increased cardiometabolic risk factors, and increased risk of GDM and preterm birth. These associations appeared to be largely mediated by HMW-adiponectin concentrations. Large-scale trials are needed to explore whether vitamin D supplementation improves adiponectin concentrations and subsequent pregnancy-related risk factors and outcomes.

Author: Dorairaj Prabhakaran
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464805202
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 948

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Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related conditions cause more than 40 percent of all deaths globally, and their substantial burden is rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Their burden extends well beyond health effects to include significant economic and societal consequences. Most of these conditions are related, share risk factors, and have common control measures at the clinical, population, and policy levels. Lives can be extended and improved when these diseases are prevented, detected, and managed. This volume summarizes current knowledge and presents evidence-based interventions that are effective, cost-effective, and scalable in LMICs.

Author: Mirjana Macvanin
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832553494
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 100

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Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) represents the major cause of mortality, accounting for one-third of all global deaths, 75% of which occur in middle- and low-income countries. CMD encompasses a broad spectrum of conditions characterized by limited prediction, based mainly on classical risk factors due to a lack of accurate molecular CMD predictors. Thus, there is an urgent need for improved diagnostics solutions to support early intervention and improve outcomes. Early detection and adequate intervention are crucial to prevent CMD-associated complications, encouraging the quest for appropriate biomarkers with diverse applications ranging from risk assessment and screening to diagnosis and prognosis. Different circulating biomarkers for quantifying the CMD risk have been reported in the literature, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, and adiponectin. In addition, accumulating evidence in the literature points to the emergence of novel CMD biomarkers, such as cytokines, various metabolites, apelin, microRNAs, inflammasome molecules, and cardiac fibrosis markers. However, large meta-analyses have not sufficiently investigated and confirmed their biological roles in CMD diagnosis, prognosis, and/or potential reduction.

Author: Emilia Pauline Liao
Publisher: Humana Press
ISBN: 3319737422
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 258

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Book Description
While the skeletal effects of vitamin D are well-documented, the role and importance of vitamin D outside of bone health has not been well-established. Vitamin D receptors are located in nearly every tissue of the body, and low levels of vitamin D are associated with a range of various diseases. This book provides an in-depth examination of these extraskeletal effects of vitamin D and the associations between vitamin D deficiency and various disease states. Beginning with a review of the biochemistry and physiology of vitamin D, subsequent chapters investigate its relationship to autoimmune and infectious diseases, various forms of cancer, endocrine issues such as diabetes, obesity and reproductive function, cardiovascular disease and muscle weakness. Concluding chapters discuss the role of vitamin D in neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's Disease, and cognitive function. Focusing on extraskeletal effects only across a range of conditions, Extraskeletal Effects of Vitamin D will be an important resource for clinical endocrinologists and primary care physicians.

Author: Sivakumar Joghi Thatha Gowder
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535130854
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 262

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Book Description
Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, also called as "sunshine vitamin" is derived mostly from sun exposure and food, and for normal activation, it has to undergo two hydroxylation reactions. Vitamin D affects more than 2000 genes in the body. Serum level of 25(OH) D is an ideal indicator of vitamin D status in our body. Vitamin D deficiency leads to various diseases. On a therapeutic point of view, vitamin D helps to treat many diseases. The book "A Critical Evaluation of Vitamin D - Clinical Overview" targets the principles, mechanisms, and clinical significance of vitamin D. This book covers four sections: "Vitamin D in Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases", "Vitamin D in Age and Neurological Diseases", "Vitamin D and Cancer" and "Therapeutic Measurements of Vitamin D". Each of these sections is interwoven with the theoretical aspects and experimental techniques of basic and clinical sciences. This book will be a significant source to students, scientists, physicians, healthcare professionals and also other members of this society who are interested in exploring the role of vitamin D in human life. [Vitamin D can be considered as vitamin of "defense" since it cures several diseases. - Sivakumar Gowder]

Author:
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
ISBN: 1464966087
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 882

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Book Description
Issues in Women's Health and Women's Studies Research: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Women's Health and Women's Studies Research. The editors have built Issues in Women's Health and Women's Studies Research: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Women's Health and Women's Studies Research in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Women's Health and Women's Studies Research: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.