Association Between Dehydrin Proteins and Drought Stress Tolerance in Seven Wheat Cultivars Adapted to the Pacific Northwest of the USA PDF Download
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Author: Cesar Lopez Publisher: ISBN: Category : Winter wheat Languages : en Pages : 156
Book Description
The Pacific Northwest (PNW) is an important region for winter wheat production in the USA, where water deficits are often present at sowing and during grain filling. Consequently, improving the genetic adaptation of wheat cultivars to drought stress represents one of the main objectives in breeding programs. An observed biochemical response to dehydrative stress is the accumulation of a family of proteins called dehydrins, which are believed to protect membranes and macromolecules against denaturation. Seven cultivars, 'Connie', 'Gene', 'TAM105', 'Rod', 'Hiller', 'Rhode', and 'Stephens', were evaluated in four experiments under progressive drought stress to characterize the accumulation of dehydrin proteins and their association to stress tolerance at adult plant (during grain filling) and seedling stages. In the adult plant experiments, a 24 kDa dehydrin was present in all leaves sampling dates and cultivars studied. Differences in the accumulation of this dehydrin protein were observed between cultivars in the third sampling date (four days of stress). This differential accumulation was associated to stress tolerance characterized by a lower reduction in yield and in the rate of decrease in leaf water potential in Connie, TAM105, Gene and Stephens. In contrast to leaves, an increasing number of dehydrin bands were observed in grains under stress and non-stress treatments. Despite the number of dehydrins detected, there was no apparent association between drought stress and dehydrin expression in grains. A 24 kDa dehydrin was also observed in the seedling experiments on sampling dates fourth, fifth and sixth, when cultivars were subjected to stress. No dehydrins were present in the non-stress treatment. Connie, TAM105, and Gene started to accumulate dehydrins at the fourth sampling date, while other cultivars showed dehydrins only in the sixth sampling date. The presence of dehydrin proteins observed in leaves of seedlings was related to drought stress tolerance characterized by a lower reduction in the shoot dry matter production in the most tolerant cultivars Connie, TAM105, and Gene. Although the specific role of these proteins remains unknown, their association with stress tolerance suggests that dehydrins might be used to improve the adaptation to drought.
Author: Cesar Lopez Publisher: ISBN: Category : Winter wheat Languages : en Pages : 156
Book Description
The Pacific Northwest (PNW) is an important region for winter wheat production in the USA, where water deficits are often present at sowing and during grain filling. Consequently, improving the genetic adaptation of wheat cultivars to drought stress represents one of the main objectives in breeding programs. An observed biochemical response to dehydrative stress is the accumulation of a family of proteins called dehydrins, which are believed to protect membranes and macromolecules against denaturation. Seven cultivars, 'Connie', 'Gene', 'TAM105', 'Rod', 'Hiller', 'Rhode', and 'Stephens', were evaluated in four experiments under progressive drought stress to characterize the accumulation of dehydrin proteins and their association to stress tolerance at adult plant (during grain filling) and seedling stages. In the adult plant experiments, a 24 kDa dehydrin was present in all leaves sampling dates and cultivars studied. Differences in the accumulation of this dehydrin protein were observed between cultivars in the third sampling date (four days of stress). This differential accumulation was associated to stress tolerance characterized by a lower reduction in yield and in the rate of decrease in leaf water potential in Connie, TAM105, Gene and Stephens. In contrast to leaves, an increasing number of dehydrin bands were observed in grains under stress and non-stress treatments. Despite the number of dehydrins detected, there was no apparent association between drought stress and dehydrin expression in grains. A 24 kDa dehydrin was also observed in the seedling experiments on sampling dates fourth, fifth and sixth, when cultivars were subjected to stress. No dehydrins were present in the non-stress treatment. Connie, TAM105, and Gene started to accumulate dehydrins at the fourth sampling date, while other cultivars showed dehydrins only in the sixth sampling date. The presence of dehydrin proteins observed in leaves of seedlings was related to drought stress tolerance characterized by a lower reduction in the shoot dry matter production in the most tolerant cultivars Connie, TAM105, and Gene. Although the specific role of these proteins remains unknown, their association with stress tolerance suggests that dehydrins might be used to improve the adaptation to drought.
Author: Carolina Saint Pierre Publisher: ISBN: Category : Proteins Languages : en Pages : 250
Book Description
Hard white winter (HVVW) wheat cultivars must have superior protein quality and consistent processing quality to be successful in the Asian market. New cultivars and management strategies are needed to produce HVVW grain for both bread and noodle applications from diverse environments in the US Pacific Northwest (PNW). This study investigated the variability in grain quality, grain protein content and composition, and dough mixing properties in relation to moisture stress during grain-fill and nitrogen management in the PNW. Seven HWW and two soft white winter wheats were grown under line source irrigation and two nitrogen fertilization levels over two years and two locations. Plots were irrigated during grain-fill to replace from 100 to less than 30 % of measured evapotranspiration. Grain quality, protein quality, and protein composition were characterized by nitrogen determinations, single kernel analysis, polyphenol oxidase activity (PPO), SDS sedimentation tests, Mixograph analyses, and sizeexclusion HPLC. Water stress during grain-fill negatively affected grain yield, test weight, and kernel weight and diameter. Among HVVW cultivars, water stress caused reductions in test weight which were of larger magnitude in late maturing cultivars than in early genotypes. Mixograph peak time, stability, and tolerance were relatively unchanged over irrigation treatments. Nitrogen fertilization showed a positive contribution to both protein quantity and quality, without affecting PPO levels. Moreover, no significant correlation was found between flour protein and PPO. Changes in protein quality and composition were related to general increases in protein concentration, regardless if the result of reducing irrigation or increasing fertilization. The proportion of monomeric proteins (gliadins) increased more rapidly than the polymeric proteins (glutenins) as flour protein increased. Grouping of genotypes in biplots indicated that cultivars of similar quality responded similarly to treatment combinations in terms of protein quality and dough mixing properties. The patterns of response suggest that management strategies to meet target protein content and enduse quality are relatively independent of genotypic differences. Similar management strategies could then be recommended for HVVW when targeting specific end-uses. Early maturity reduced the impact of water and heat stress during grain-fill and would contribute to enhance grain quality and consistency in PNW cultivars.
Author: Jean-Marcel Ribaut Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9781560222781 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 696
Book Description
Learn how to best improve yield in cereal plants—even in dry conditions The impact of drought on crop production can be economically devastating. Drought Adaptation in Cereals provides a comprehensive review of the latest research on the tolerance of cereal crops to water-limited conditions. Renowned experts extensively describe basic concepts and cutting-edge research results to clearly reveal all facets of drought adaptation in cereals. More than simply a fine reference for plant biology and plant improvement under water-limited conditions, this book spotlights the most relevant biological approaches from plant phenotyping to functional genomics. The need to understand plant response to the lack of water is integral to forming strategies to best manage crops. Drought Adaptation in Cereals starts by offering an overview of the biological basis and defines the adaptive mechanisms found in plants under water-limited conditions. Different approaches are presented to provide understanding of plant genetics basics and plant breeding, including phenotyping, physiology, and biotechnology. The book details drought adaptation mechanisms at the cellular, organ, and entire plant levels, focusing on plant metabolism and gene functions. This resource is extensively referenced and contains tables, charts, and figures to clearly present data and enhance understanding. After a foreword by J. O'Toole and a prologue by A. Blum, Drought Adaptation in Cereals presents a full spectrum of informative topics from other internationally respected scientists. These include: drought’s economic impact (P. Heisey) genotype-by-environment interactions (M. Cooper) secondary traits for drought adaptation (P. Monneveux) leaf growth (F. Tardieu) carbon isotope discrimination (T. Condon) drought adaptation in barley (M. Sorrells), maize (M. Sawkins), rice (R. Lafitte), sorghum (A. Borrell) and wheat (M. Reynolds) carbohydrate metabolism (A. Tiessen) the role of abscisic acid (T. Setter) protection mechanisms and stress proteins (L. Mtwisha) genetic basis of ion homeostasis and water deficit (H. Bohnert) transcriptional factors (K. Yamaguchi-Shinozaki) resurrection plants (D. Bartels) Drought Adaptation in Cereals is a unique, vital reference for scientists, educators, and students in plant biology, agronomy, and natural resources management.
Author: Mohammad Anwar Hossain Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319288997 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 538
Book Description
Abiotic stress adversely affects crop production worldwide, decreasing average yields for most of the crops to 50%. Among various abiotic stresses affecting agricultural production, drought stress is considered to be the main source of yield reduction around the globe. Due to an increasing world population, drought stress will lead to a serious food shortage by 2050. The situation may become worse due to predicated global climate change that may multiply the frequency and duration and severity of such abiotic stresses. Hence, there is an urgent need to improve our understanding on complex mechanisms of drought stress tolerance and to develop modern varieties that are more resilient to drought stress. Identification of the potential novel genes responsible for drought tolerance in crop plants will contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism of crop responses to drought stress. The discovery of novel genes, the analysis of their expression patterns in response to drought stress, and the determination of their potential functions in drought stress adaptation will provide the basis of effective engineering strategies to enhance crop drought stress tolerance. Although the in-depth water stress tolerance mechanisms is still unclear, it can be to some extent explained on the basis of ion homeostasis mediated by stress adaptation effectors, toxic radical scavenging, osmolyte biosynthesis, water transport, and long distance signaling response coordination. Importantly, complete elucidation of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms for drought stress, perception, transduction, and tolerance is still a challenge to the plant biologists. The findings presented in volume 1 call attention to the physiological and biochemical modalities of drought stress that influence crop productivity, whereas volume 2 summarizes our current understanding on the molecular and genetic mechanisms of drought stress resistance in plants.
Author: B. Venkateswarlu Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400722206 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 617
Book Description
Crops experience an assortment of environmental stresses which include abiotic viz., drought, water logging, salinity, extremes of temperature, high variability in radiation, subtle but perceptible changes in atmospheric gases and biotic viz., insects, birds, other pests, weeds, pathogens (viruses and other microbes). The ability to tolerate or adapt and overwinter by effectively countering these stresses is a very multifaceted phenomenon. In addition, the inability to do so which renders the crops susceptible is again the result of various exogenous and endogenous interactions in the ecosystem. Both biotic and abiotic stresses occur at various stages of plant development and frequently more than one stress concurrently affects the crop. Stresses result in both universal and definite effects on plant growth and development. One of the imposing tasks for the crop researchers globally is to distinguish and to diminish effects of these stress factors on the performance of crop plants, especially with respect to yield and quality of harvested products. This is of special significance in view of the impending climate change, with complex consequences for economically profitable and ecologically and environmentally sound global agriculture. The challenge at the hands of the crop scientist in such a scenario is to promote a competitive and multifunctional agriculture, leading to the production of highly nourishing, healthy and secure food and animal feed as well as raw materials for a wide variety of industrial applications. In order to successfully meet this challenge researchers have to understand the various aspects of these stresses in view of the current development from molecules to ecosystems. The book will focus on broad research areas in relation to these stresses which are in the forefront in contemporary crop stress research.
Author: H.T. Buck Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9781402054969 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 795
Book Description
Providing a unique overview to wheat and related species, this book comprises the proceedings of the 7th International Wheat Conference, held in Mar del Plata, Argentina, at the end of 2005. Leading scientists from all over the world, specialized in different areas that contribute to the better understanding of wheat production and use, review the present achievements and discuss the future challenges for the wheat crop.
Author: Arun Shanker Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 9535122509 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 770
Book Description
The impact of global climate change on crop production has emerged as a major research priority during the past decade. Understanding abiotic stress factors such as temperature and drought tolerance and biotic stress tolerance traits such as insect pest and pathogen resistance in combination with high yield in plants is of paramount importance to counter climate change related adverse effects on the productivity of crops. In this multi-authored book, we present synthesis of information for developing strategies to combat plant stress. Our effort here is to present a judicious mixture of basic as well as applied research outlooks so as to interest workers in all areas of plant science. We trust that the information covered in this book would bridge the much-researched area of stress in plants with the much-needed information for evolving climate-ready crop cultivars to ensure food security in the future.
Author: Cesar Lopez
Author: Cesar Lopez
Author: 
Author: 
Author: Carolina Saint Pierre
Author: Jean-Marcel Ribaut
Author: Mohammad Anwar Hossain
Author: B. Venkateswarlu
Author: H.T. Buck
Author: United States. Agricultural Marketing Service. Grain Division
Author: Arun Shanker