Author: Marc Carreras-SospedraPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biogas
Languages : en
Pages : 140
Book Description
Assessment of the Emissions and Energy Impacts of Biomass and Biogas Use in California
Author: Marc Carreras-SospedraPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biogas
Languages : en
Pages : 140
Book Description
Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impact Assessment from Biomass and Biogas Derived Transportation Fuels and Electricity and Heat Generation
Author: Scott SamuelsonPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air quality management
Languages : en
Pages : 158
Book Description
Biomass Management Zones and New Pathways to Bioenergy
Author: Stephen KaffkaPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural wastes as fuel
Languages : en
Pages : 124
Book Description
Long-term Greenhouse Gas Emissions Mitigation in California and the Associated Regional Air Quality and Public Health Impacts
Author: Tianyang WangPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 183
Book Description
In this dissertation we investigate the roadmap for California to achieve deep greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions by 2050 and the resulting regional air quality and public health impacts, form the strategy feasibility and selections that achieves different levels of ambitious climate target, to the benefits and trade-offs of different technology pathways with respect to air quality and public health consequences, as well as the relative contributions of emissions from different origins to regional air quality and public health. We first develop a roadmap for California to achieve net-zero GHG emissions in 2050 using detailed modeling of energy system transformation, cross-sectorial connectivity, and technology applicability. GHG mitigation strategies also reduce co-emitted criteria pollutants in California. By utilizing the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) and the Environmental Benefit Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP), we find that achieving net-zero GHG emissions can reduce 14,066 (95% Confidence Interval: 10,855 - 17,226) air pollution-related mortality in 2050, 35% of which are in disadvantaged communities. The monetized health co-benefit can offset most of the GHG abatement costs (i.e., 26 -116 billion dollars). These co-benefits are mainly contributed by ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration reductions, while ambient ozone (O3) concentration in California is not likely to drop when local emissions reduce. The net-zero target also requires bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration (BECCS) technology to offset some GHG emissions. BECCS technology, whereas supporting the net-zero target, would emit air pollutants through biomass combustion and reduce health co-benefits by 3 billion dollars, suggesting a potential trade-off between climate benefits and health co-benefits of ambitious climate policies. We then analyze the air quality and health impacts of different GHG mitigation pathways. By adopting an integrated approach that combines energy and emission technology modeling, high-resolution chemical transport simulation, and health impact assessment, we find that achievement of the 80% GHG reduction target would always bring substantial air quality and health co-benefits. But more importantly, the level of co-benefits are highly related to the selected technology pathway largely because of California's relatively clean energy structure. Compared with the business-as-usual levels, a decarbonization pathway that focuses on electrification and clean renewable energy is estimated to reduce concentrations of PM2.5 by 18-37% in four major metropolitan areas of California and subsequently avoid 10,196 (95% CI: 8,169-12,202) premature deaths. In contrast, a pathway focusing more on combustible renewable fuels only results in a quarter of such air quality and health benefits. Similar to what we found before, both GHG mitigation pathways may not reduce ambient O3 concentrations in California. Our findings could also assist the development of optimized technology pathway to simultaneously reduce GHG emissions and improve human health in California. Lastly, we conduct a detailed analysis to understand the relative contributions of local and non-local emission sources to ambient PM2.5 and O3 and evaluate the mortality burden in California associated with these two pollutants. We attribute the ambient PM2.5 and O3 concentrations in California to four emission groups: (1) California in-state anthropogenic emissions; (2) anthropogenic emissions from the western United States, excluding California; (3) natural emissions from the western United States; and (4) all emissions from outside of the western United States. Our health impact analyses find that PM2.5 and O3 are associated with 27,445 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 19,277 - 35,885] and 13,822 (95% CI: 6,106-23,659) mortalities in California in 2012, respectively. Our estimates of O3-assocoated mortality are much higher than previously reported, mainly because we estimate 6,354 (95% CI 2,224 - 10,268) O3-associated cardiovascular mortality based on new epidemiological evidence. Approximately 67% of PM2.5-associated mortality in California is attributable to PM2.5 from in-state anthropogenic emissions. In contrast, 75% of the ambient O3 in California is contributed by distant emissions outside western United States, leading to 92% of O3-associated mortality, while in-state emissions were found to contribute to a much lesser extent to O3-associated mortality [i.e., 771 (95% CI 389-1,146) in ozone season]. The different patterns of PM2.5 and O3 we found also help explain our previous findings that GHG mitigation efforts in California mainly reduce local PM2.5 pollution.
Annual Report
Author: California Energy Commission. Public Interest Energy ResearchPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Energy conservation
Languages : en
Pages : 102
Book Description
An Assessment of California's Building Energy Regulatory Process and the Marginal Abatement Costs and Greenhouse Gas Reduction Benefits of California Building Energy Standards
Author: Benjamin William WhitePublisher:
ISBN: 9781658412704
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
This research investigates the benefits and costs of California's building energy regulations and provides an analysis of the regulatory process that prompted the adoption and subsequent abandonment of a mandate for Zero Net Energy (ZNE) residential buildings in the state. Specifically examined are the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions characteristics associated with homes designed using California's definition for ZNE, and homes designed using the states more recently adopted goal of grid compatibility. The work quantifies the GHG emissions of various mixed-fuel and all-electric home designs and compares those results with the emissions characteristics of homes designed under a prior version of the state's building energy regulations (Title 24, Part 6). This research takes a novel approach to estimating residential sector GHG emissions by incorporating three different rates of pre-meter natural gas leaks into the calculations. The results isolate the contribution that these leaks make to building-sector emissions and emphasize the need for regulators and researchers to fully account for the full range of impacts associated with natural gas use. Also quantified are the marginal abatement costs for homes designed under California's adopted 2019 T24 standards versus homes designed under the prior code version. The results indicate that fuel type, and not the attainment of a specific energy measurement metric like ZNE is the primary determining factor for GHG emissions in the housing sector, and that all-electric homes deliver superior GHG reduction benefits at lower cost than mixed-fuel houses. We find that the marginal cost of abatement for housing types varies considerably, with all-electric homes offering the potential for carbon abatement at significantly lower cost than mixed-fuel houses and at a price that is currently lower than California's auction price for carbon emissions. These results indicate that all-electric housing can be a valid approach to GHG emission reduction from the perspective of regulators, homebuyers, and building industry stakeholders. In addition to quantifying the costs and benefits of California's building energy standards, the process that the state undertook in pursuit of the adoption of a ZNE mandate is explored using the Multiple Streams Framework (MSF). This analysis explores the role of ambiguity in policy goal setting and highlights the effects that can occur when policy feedback creates unintended consequences. The results reinforce the concept that the adoption of ambitious policy goals is benefitted by a high level of ambiguity, but that policy goals may need to change as ambiguity recedes. This case study of the California regulatory process for building energy standards provides demonstrable and useful examples for any government or private entity seeking to implement ambitious, long-term change.
Bioenergy Action Plan for California
Author: Bioenergy Interagency Working Group (Calif.)Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biomass energy
Languages : en
Pages : 14
Book Description
Thermochemical Processing of Biomass
Author: Robert C. BrownPublisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119417570
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 426
Book Description
A comprehensive examination of the large number of possible pathways for converting biomass into fuels and power through thermochemical processes Bringing together a widely scattered body of information into a single volume, this book provides complete coverage of the many ways that thermochemical processes are used to transform biomass into fuels, chemicals and power. Fully revised and updated, this new edition highlights the substantial progress and recent developments that have been made in this rapidly growing field since publication of the first edition and incorporates up-to-date information in each chapter. Thermochemical Processing of Biomass: Conversion into Fuels, Chemicals and Power, 2nd Edition incorporates two new chapters covering: condensed phased reactions of thermal deconstruction of biomass and life cycle analysis of thermochemical processing systems. It offers a new introductory chapter that provides a more comprehensive overview of thermochemical technologies. The book also features fresh perspectives from new authors covering such evolving areas as solvent liquefaction and hybrid processing. Other chapters cover combustion, gasification, fast pyrolysis, upgrading of syngas and bio-oil to liquid transportation fuels, and the economics of thermochemically producing fuels and power, and more. Features contributions by a distinguished group of European and American researchers offering a broad and unified description of thermochemical processing options for biomass Combines an overview of the current status of thermochemical biomass conversion as well as engineering aspects to appeal to the broadest audience Edited by one of Biofuels Digest’s "Top 100 People" in bioenergy for six consecutive years Thermochemical Processing of Biomass: Conversion into Fuels, Chemicals and Power, 2nd Edition will appeal to all academic researchers, process chemists, and engineers working in the field of biomass conversion to fuels and chemicals. It is also an excellent book for graduate and advanced undergraduate students studying biomass, biofuels, renewable resources, and energy and power generation.
Recommendations for a Bioenergy Plan for California
Author: California's Carbon Challenge Phase II
Author: Max WeiPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Climatic changes
Languages : en
Pages : 280
Book Description