Assessment of Population Exposures to Airborne Allergenic Pollen in the US from 1994 to 2010 PDF Download

Author: Kun Mei
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Allergens
Languages : en
Pages : 78

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Author: Yong Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 225

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Book Description
Climate change is expected to alter the spatiotemporal dynamics of airborne allergens and potentially increase occurrence of allergic airway disease. Climate change impact on allergenic pollen was investigated through statistical analysis and modeling of observed airborne pollen counts and climatic factors, and through simulation using a deterministic modeling system. A probabilistic exposure model was developed to study exposures to allergenic pollen during the 1990s (1994-2000) and the 2000s (2001-2010) in nine climate regions in the contiguous United States (CONUS). The allergenic pollen seasons of representative trees, weeds and grass during the 2000s across the CONUS have been observed to start 3.0 days earlier on average than in the 1990s. The average peak value and annual total of daily counted airborne pollen have increased by 42.4% and 46.0%, respectively. The deterministic modeling system consists of modules of emission, meteorology and air quality. It correctly predicted the observed pollen season start date and duration, and airborne level at the majority of monitor stations for oak and ragweed pollen, and performed reasonably well for birch, mugwort and grass pollen. Dry deposition, emission and vertical eddy diffusion were the dominant processes determining the ambient pollen concentrations. The response of the allergenic pollen season to climate change varies in different climate regions for different taxa in the CONUS. Under scenarios of regionally and economically oriented future development, the weed and grass pollen concentrations were predicted to decrease from period of 2001-2004 to 2047-2050 in the majority of regions. The number of hours in which birch and oak pollen concentrations exceed the threshold values for triggering allergy has been predicted to increase in the majority of regions. Inhalation and dermal deposition were the dominant exposure routes for allergenic pollen. The aggregated exposure to allergenic pollen in outdoor environments was more than twice as that in indoor environments during the 2000s in the CONUS. Meantime, inhalation exposure for children of 1-4 years old was two to five times higher than for other age groups. Changes in exposures to allergenic pollen between the 2000s and the 1990s varied in different climate regions for different taxa.

Author: Mikhail Sofiev
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400748809
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 256

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This is the first book to summarize all aspects of allergenic pollen: production, atmospheric distribution, and health impacts, as well as the means of monitoring and forecasting these phenomena. Based on a four-year effort by a large group of leading European scientists, this book highlights the new developments in research on allergenic pollen, including the modelling prospects and effects of climate change. The multidisciplinary team of authors offers insights into the latest technology of detection of pollen and its allergenic properties, forecasting methods, and the influence of allergenic pollen on the population. The comprehensive coverage in this book makes it an indispensible volume for anyone dealing with allergenic pollen worldwide. Readers involved in environmental health, aerobiology, medicine, and plant science will find this book of interest.

Author: Paul J. Beggs
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107048931
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 227

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Book Description
The authoritative assessment of the many climate change impacts on allergens and allergic diseases, for researchers, clinicians, students.

Author: Elisabeth Heseltine
Publisher: WHO Regional Office Europe
ISBN: 9289041684
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 247

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Microbial pollution is a key element of indoor air pollution. It is caused by hundreds of species of bacteria and fungi, in particular filamentous fungi (mould), growing indoors when sufficient moisture is available. This document provides a comprehensive review of the scientific evidence on health problems associated with building moisture and biological agents. The review concludes that the most important effects are increased prevalences of respiratory symptoms, allergies and asthma as well as perturbation of the immunological system. The document also summarizes the available information on the conditions that determine the presence of mould and measures to control their growth indoors. WHO guidelines for protecting public health are formulated on the basis of the review. The most important means for avoiding adverse health effects is the prevention (or minimization) of persistent dampness and microbial growth on interior surfaces and in building structures. [Ed.]

Author:
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN:
Category : House & Home
Languages : en
Pages : 488

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Book Description
This book presents WHO guidelines for the protection of public health from risks due to a number of chemicals commonly present in indoor air. The substances considered in this review, i.e. benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, naphthalene, nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzo[a]pyrene), radon, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, have indoor sources, are known in respect of their hazardousness to health and are often found indoors in concentrations of health concern. The guidelines are targeted at public health professionals involved in preventing health risks of environmental exposures, as well as specialists and authorities involved in the design and use of buildings, indoor materials and products. They provide a scientific basis for legally enforceable standards.

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309450314
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 575

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Over the past 20 years, public concerns have grown in response to the apparent rising prevalence of food allergy and related atopic conditions, such as eczema. Although evidence on the true prevalence of food allergy is complicated by insufficient or inconsistent data and studies with variable methodologies, many health care experts who care for patients agree that a real increase in food allergy has occurred and that it is unlikely to be due simply to an increase in awareness and better tools for diagnosis. Many stakeholders are concerned about these increases, including the general public, policy makers, regulatory agencies, the food industry, scientists, clinicians, and especially families of children and young people suffering from food allergy. At the present time, however, despite a mounting body of data on the prevalence, health consequences, and associated costs of food allergy, this chronic disease has not garnered the level of societal attention that it warrants. Moreover, for patients and families at risk, recommendations and guidelines have not been clear about preventing exposure or the onset of reactions or for managing this disease. Finding a Path to Safety in Food Allergy examines critical issues related to food allergy, including the prevalence and severity of food allergy and its impact on affected individuals, families, and communities; and current understanding of food allergy as a disease, and in diagnostics, treatments, prevention, and public policy. This report seeks to: clarify the nature of the disease, its causes, and its current management; highlight gaps in knowledge; encourage the implementation of management tools at many levels and among many stakeholders; and delineate a roadmap to safety for those who have, or are at risk of developing, food allergy, as well as for others in society who are responsible for public health.

Author: US Global Change Research Program
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1510726217
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 999

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Book Description
As global climate change proliferates, so too do the health risks associated with the changing world around us. Called for in the President’s Climate Action Plan and put together by experts from eight different Federal agencies, The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health: A Scientific Assessment is a comprehensive report on these evolving health risks, including: Temperature-related death and illness Air quality deterioration Impacts of extreme events on human health Vector-borne diseases Climate impacts on water-related Illness Food safety, nutrition, and distribution Mental health and well-being This report summarizes scientific data in a concise and accessible fashion for the general public, providing executive summaries, key takeaways, and full-color diagrams and charts. Learn what health risks face you and your family as a result of global climate change and start preparing now with The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health.

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309679109
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 271

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Book Description
More than 3.7 million U.S. service members have participated in operations taking place in the Southwest Asia Theater of Military Operations since 1990. These operations include the 1990-1991 Persian Gulf War, a post-war stabilization period spanning 1992 through September 2001, and the campaigns undertaken in the wake of the September 11, 2001, attacks. Deployment to Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Oman, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Afghanistan exposed service members to a number of airborne hazards, including oil-well fire smoke, emissions from open burn pits, dust and sand suspended in the air, and exhaust from diesel vehicles. The effects of these were compounded by stressors like excessive heat and noise that are inevitable attributes of service in a combat environment. Respiratory Health Effects of Airborne Hazards Exposures in the Southwest Asia Theater of Military Operations reviews the scientific evidence regarding respiratory health outcomes in veterans of the Southwest Asia conflicts and identifies research that could feasibly be conducted to address outstanding questions and generate answers, newly emerging technologies that could aid in these efforts, and organizations that the Veterans Administration might partner with to accomplish this work.

Author: Melissa R. Marselle
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030023184
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 494

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Book Description
This open access book identifies and discusses biodiversity’s contribution to physical, mental and spiritual health and wellbeing. Furthermore, the book identifies the implications of this relationship for nature conservation, public health, landscape architecture and urban planning – and considers the opportunities of nature-based solutions for climate change adaptation. This transdisciplinary book will attract a wide audience interested in biodiversity, ecology, resource management, public health, psychology, urban planning, and landscape architecture. The emphasis is on multiple human health benefits from biodiversity - in particular with respect to the increasing challenge of climate change. This makes the book unique to other books that focus either on biodiversity and physical health or natural environments and mental wellbeing. The book is written as a definitive ‘go-to’ book for those who are new to the field of biodiversity and health.