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Author: Khushbu Dipak Patel Publisher: ISBN: Category : Diagnostic imaging Languages : en Pages : 58
Book Description
In vivo fluorescence imaging is an emerging technique with potential for usage in non-invasive cancer screening, surveillance, real-time surgical guidance, and staging. Fluorescence imaging uses the interaction of non-ionizing optical radiation with endogenous fluorophores or fluorescent labels to provide real-time wide-field images of tissue structure and/or functional components. When imaging in vivo, excitation light must travel through overlying tissue to reach the fluorescent target and emitted fluorescence must then propagate back through the overlying tissue in order to be imaged onto a camera. Recently, fluorescent contrast agents have been developed with excitation and emission wavelengths in the near infrared (NIR) spectrum (~700 - 1,000 nm) in order to minimize attenuation and maximize the measured signal from tissue. While several clinical trials have shown the potential benefits of NIR contrast agents over visible fluorophores, there may still be room for improvement by moving to even longer wavelengths. As scattering is reduced as wavelength increases, some researchers are investigating fluorophores that emit in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) wavelength region (~1,000 - 2,300 nm). This study focuses on examining optical transmission and image contrast at NIR wavelengths and SWIR wavelengths to determine which wavelength region may be optimal for development of fluorescent contrast agents. Transmission and contrast measurements were performed on both tissue simulating phantoms and real biological tissues using 780 nm, 980 nm, and 1550 nm wavelengths. From the experiments conducted, it appears that fluorophore emissions should be chosen based on the goals of the specific application. For an application that requires simple detection of signal, near infrared wavelengths will be better as they can be detected with higher signal levels. For an application that focuses on imaging fluorophore-labeled tissues, short-wave infrared wavelengths will be the better option as they provided better image contrast.
Author: Khushbu Dipak Patel Publisher: ISBN: Category : Diagnostic imaging Languages : en Pages : 58
Book Description
In vivo fluorescence imaging is an emerging technique with potential for usage in non-invasive cancer screening, surveillance, real-time surgical guidance, and staging. Fluorescence imaging uses the interaction of non-ionizing optical radiation with endogenous fluorophores or fluorescent labels to provide real-time wide-field images of tissue structure and/or functional components. When imaging in vivo, excitation light must travel through overlying tissue to reach the fluorescent target and emitted fluorescence must then propagate back through the overlying tissue in order to be imaged onto a camera. Recently, fluorescent contrast agents have been developed with excitation and emission wavelengths in the near infrared (NIR) spectrum (~700 - 1,000 nm) in order to minimize attenuation and maximize the measured signal from tissue. While several clinical trials have shown the potential benefits of NIR contrast agents over visible fluorophores, there may still be room for improvement by moving to even longer wavelengths. As scattering is reduced as wavelength increases, some researchers are investigating fluorophores that emit in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) wavelength region (~1,000 - 2,300 nm). This study focuses on examining optical transmission and image contrast at NIR wavelengths and SWIR wavelengths to determine which wavelength region may be optimal for development of fluorescent contrast agents. Transmission and contrast measurements were performed on both tissue simulating phantoms and real biological tissues using 780 nm, 980 nm, and 1550 nm wavelengths. From the experiments conducted, it appears that fluorophore emissions should be chosen based on the goals of the specific application. For an application that requires simple detection of signal, near infrared wavelengths will be better as they can be detected with higher signal levels. For an application that focuses on imaging fluorophore-labeled tissues, short-wave infrared wavelengths will be the better option as they provided better image contrast.
Author: Daniel Irwin Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000830799 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 61
Book Description
Imaging of tissue blood flow (BF) distributions provides vital information for the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of various vascular diseases. The innovative near-infrared speckle contrast diffuse correlation tomography (scDCT) technique produces full 3D BF distributions. Many advanced features are provided over competing technologies including high sampling density, fast data acquisition, noninvasiveness, noncontact, affordability, portability, and translatability across varied subject sizes. The basic principle, instrumentation, and data analysis algorithms are presented in detail. The extensive applications are summarized such as imaging of cerebral BF (CBF) in mice, rat, and piglet animals with skull penetration into deep brain. Clinical human testing results are described by recovery of BF distributions on preterm infants (CBF) through incubator wall, and on sensitive burn tissues and mastectomy skin flaps without direct device-tissue interactions. Supporting activities outlined include integrated capability for acquiring surface curvature information, rapid 2D blood flow mapping, and optimizations via tissue-like phantoms and computer simulations. These applications and activities both highlight and guide the reader as to the expected abilities and limitations of scDCT for adapting into their own preclinical/clinical research, use in constrained environments (i.e., neonatal intensive care unit bedside), and use on vulnerable subjects and measurement sites.
Author: Valery Tuchin Publisher: ISBN: 9781628415162 Category : Diagnostic imaging Languages : en Pages : 988
Book Description
This third edition of the biomedical optics classic Tissue Optics covers the continued intensive growth in tissue optics—in particular, the field of tissue diagnostics and imaging—that has occurred since 2007. As in the first two editions, Part I describes fundamentals and basic research, and Part II presents instrumentation and medical applications. However, for the reader’s convenience, this third edition has been reorganized into 14 chapters instead of 9. The chapters covering optical coherence tomography, digital holography and interferometry, controlling optical properties of tissues, nonlinear spectroscopy, and imaging have all been substantially updated. The book is intended for researchers, teachers, and graduate and undergraduate students specializing in the physics of living systems, biomedical optics and biophotonics, laser biophysics, and applications of lasers in biomedicine. It can also be used as a textbook for courses in medical physics, medical engineering, and medical biology.
Author: Daniel Irwin Publisher: ISBN: 9781003246374 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"Imaging of tissue blood flow (BF) distributions provides vital information for the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of various vascular diseases. The innovative near-infrared speckle contrast diffuse correlation tomography (scDCT) technique produces full 3D BF distributions. Many advanced features are provided over competing technologies including high sampling density, fast data acquisition, noninvasiveness, noncontact, affordability, portability, and translatability across varied subject sizes. The basic principle, instrumentation, and data analysis algorithms are presented in detail. The extensive applications are summarized such as imaging of cerebral BF (CBF) in mice, rat, and piglet animals with skull penetration into deep brain. Clinical human testing results are described by recovery of BF distributions on preterm infants (CBF) through incubator wall, and on sensitive burn tissues and mastectomy skin flaps without direct device-tissue interactions. Supporting activities outlined include integrated capability for acquiring surface curvature information, rapid 2D blood flow mapping, and optimizations via tissue-like phantoms and computer simulations. These applications and activities both highlight and guide the reader as to the expected abilities and limitations of scDCT for adapting into their own preclinical/clinical research, use in constrained environments (i.e., neonatal intensive care unit bedside), and use on vulnerable subjects and measurement sites"--
Author: Bingbing Cheng Publisher: ISBN: Category : Diagnostic imaging Languages : en Pages : 135
Book Description
Fluorescence microscopic imaging in centimeter-deep tissue has been highly sought-after for many years because much interesting in vivo micro-information--such as microcirculation, tumor angiogenesis, and cancer metastasis--may deeply locate in tissue. However, it is very challenging because of strong tissue light scattering. This includes: how to confine the fluorescence emission into a small volume to achieve high spatial resolution; how to increase fluorescence emission efficiency to compensate the signal attenuation caused by small emission volume and tissue scattering/absorption; and how to reduce background fluorescence noise and exclusively differentiate signal photons from background photons to increase signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and sensitivity. Ultrasonic scattering is two to three orders of magnitude less than light scattering in opaque biological tissue. Therefore, light focusing has been replaced by ultrasonic focusing to achieve high spatial resolution in deep tissue. In addition, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) can noninvasively heat a small region deep within the body (hundreds of microns in lateral). If one can develop a contrast agent whose fluorescence emission is sensitive to this HIFU-induced temperature change and a sensitive imaging system which can detect the ultrasound-controlled photons that have been scattered many times, centimeter-deep tissue fluorescence microscopic imaging can be achievable. This study is focused on developing a fundamentally different imaging technology: ultrasound-switchable fluorescence (USF), including the contrast agent development and the imaging system development. Basically, the USF contrast agent developed in this work is thermosensitive and its fluorescence emission has a switch-like relationship with temperature. Its fluorescence emission can be switched on or off by a focused ultrasound beam generated from a HIFU transducer within its focal volume. Then the diffused USF photons propagate out and are detected by a sensitive USF imaging system. First, the excellent USF imaging contrast agents were developed by using the environment-sensitive fluorophores and thermosensitive polymers. We started investigating environment-sensitive fluorophores from visible light range up to near infrared (NIR) range since only NIR light can penetrate centimeter-deep in opaque biological tissues. Two basic thermosensitive polymers and their co-polymers were used, including: poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and pluronic. Both linear polymer and nanoparticle based USF contrast agents were explored. Second, a sensitive frequency domain (FD) USF imaging system and an effective signal identification algorithm were developed. The lock-in amplifier adopted in the FD-USF imaging system and the correlation algorithm significantly improved the SNR and detection sensitivity. Third, the feasibility of USF imaging in centimeter-deep tissue with high resolution was demonstrated in both tissue-mimicking phantoms and ex vivo biological tissues. Multi-color high-resolution USF imaging in centimeter-deep tissue with high SNR and picomole sensitivity were also achieved. Fourth, the feasibility of in vivo USF imaging was demonstrated in living mice by using different types of USF contrast agents via both intravenous and local injections. In summary, the results provided in this work demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of centimeter-deep tissue fluorescence microscopic imaging with high SNR and picomole sensitivity via USF in tissue-mimicking phantoms, porcine muscle tissues, ex vivo mouse organs (liver and spleen), and in vivo mice. Multiplex USF imaging was also achieved, which is useful to simultaneously image multiple targets and observe their interactions. This work opens the door for future studies of center-deep tissue fluorescence microscopic imaging.
Author: Evelyn Regar Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0203931564 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 384
Book Description
Given that for centuries, the standard tool to understand diseases in tissues was the microscope and that its major limitation was that only excised tissue could be used, recent technology now permits the examination of diseased tissue in vivo. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has promising potential when applied to coronary artery disease. OCT h
Author: S. Eva Singletary Publisher: PMPH-USA ISBN: 9781550092622 Category : Breast Languages : en Pages : 902
Book Description
The information surveyed in this volulme is designed to provide the clinician with an expert overview of the current state of the art in breast cancer management. It should provide at least a flavor of the major paradigm shift that is occurring in this rapidly evolving field. Breast cancer management is moving away from a "kill or cure" model and advancing toward a model focused on strategies of prevention and of long-term management of breast cancer as a chronic disease. The acceptance of this new paradigm by patients and clinicians alike will represent a major focus for the twenty-first century.
Author: Mark A. Anastasio Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439880417 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 365
Book Description
From the discovery of x-rays in 1895 through the emergence of computed tomography (CT) in the 1970s and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the 1980s, non-invasive imaging has revolutionized the practice of medicine. While these technologies have thoroughly penetrated clinical practice, scientists continue to develop novel approaches that promise to push imaging into entirely new clinical realms, while addressing the issues of dose, sensitivity, or specificity that limit existing imaging approaches. Emerging Imaging Technologies in Medicine surveys a number of emerging technologies that have the promise to find routine clinical use in the near- (less than five years), mid- (five to ten years) and long-term (more than ten years) time frames. Each chapter provides a detailed discussion of the associated physics and technology, and addresses improvements in terms of dose, sensitivity, and specificity, which are limitations of current imaging approaches. In particular, the book focuses on modalities with clinical potential rather than those likely to have an impact mainly in preclinical animal imaging. The last ten years have been a period of fervent creativity and progress in imaging technology, with improvements in computational power, nanofabrication, and laser and detector technology leading to major new developments in phase-contrast imaging, photoacoustic imaging, and optical imaging.
Author: Khushbu Dipak Patel
Author: Khushbu Dipak Patel
Author: Daniel Irwin
Author: Valery Tuchin
Author: Daniel Irwin
Author: 
Author: 
Author: Bingbing Cheng
Author: Evelyn Regar
Author: S. Eva Singletary
Author: Mark A. Anastasio