Assessment of Chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes) and Habitat in Kwitanga Forest, Western Tanzania PDF Download

Author: Sood A. Ndimuligo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chimpanzees
Languages : en
Pages : 132

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Author:
Publisher: IUCN
ISBN: 2831712467
Category : Africa, Central
Languages : en
Pages : 56

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Author: Peter M. Kappeler
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642225136
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 473

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Some primate field studies have been on-going for decades, covering significant portions of individual life cycles or even multiple generations. In this volume, leading field workers report on the history and infrastructure of their projects in Madagascar, Africa, Asia and South America. More importantly, they provide summaries of their long-term research efforts on primate behaviour, ecology and life history, highlighting insights that were only possible because of the long-term nature of the study. The chapters of this volume collectively outline the many scientific reasons for studying primate behaviour, ecology and demography over multiple generations. This kind of research is typically necessitated by the relatively slow life histories of primates. Moreover, a complete understanding of social organization and behaviour, factors often influenced by rare but important events, requires long-term data collection. Finally, long-term field projects are also becoming increasingly important foci of local conservation activities.

Author: Andrea Jo Socha
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 288

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Chimpanzees differentially utilize their environment for different activities. This study examines the use of habitat by western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) living in a savanna mosaic environment at Fongoli, Senegal through both behavioral observation and examination of nesting ecology via a comprehensive survey of nest sites. Specific questions addressed with reference to habitat use and nesting ecology include those of safety, resource defense and acquisition, and comfort. Habitat availability was determined by transect sampling. Habitat use was explored on multiple scales, including levels of habitat type, area features, and, with regard to nesting ecology, tree features. On a coarse scale, chimpanzees most preferred gallery forest for both daily activity and nesting. Woodland was also selectively utilized in both cases, while plateau was avoided. Evidence supports the selective utilization of areas with higher than average canopy cover and stem density for nesting. The availability of resources, both food and water, also influenced the location of nesting sites. The same general areas within the core range were often exploited repeatedly for nesting, but whether this is related to resource availability, habitat structure, or other factors has yet to be determined. On a finer scale, the chimpanzees selected nesting trees that were taller than average, had taller than average crowns, and had larger stem diameters than the average trees at Fongoli. They also preferred certain tree species for nesting, namely Cola cordifolia (taba) and Pterocarpus erinaceus (keno). It appears that resource location and safety considerations influence habitat selection on a coarse scale, while finer scale decisions (e.g., nest height, tree species) with regard to habitat use may be based more on comfort. Social factors also likely play a role in both coarse and fine scale habitat selection. The implications of conclusions about habitat use by savanna chimpanzees can contribute to models of habitat use by Plio-Pleistocene hominids; nesting ecology is specifically pertinent with regards to hominid sleeping sites and activities such as carcass processing that require similar attributes, such as safety and resources. Lastly, this multi-scale investigation into habitat use has direct relevance to chimpanzee conservation.

Author: Deborah L. Moore
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 304

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Socioecological models derive from the field of behavioral ecology, wherein social strategies are seen as adaptive responses to evolutionary and environmental forces. Chimpanzee social structure is largely explained by their dietary preference, however, little is known of chimpanzee adaptations to savanna-woodland environments. This dissertation tests the explanatory power of socioecological models on a chimpanzee population occupying the savanna-woodlands of Ugalla, Tanzania. By conducting a genetic survey across 624 km 2 , the following predictions are tested: (1) chimpanzees will occur at lower population densities than at forested sites, reflective of more diffusely distributed resources; (2) lower population densities, resulting in theoretically indefensible larger home ranges, will decrease benefits gained from male philopatry, resulting in a more continuous distribution of Y-chromosome haplotypes than is characteristic of populations studied in forested environments; and (3) genetic diversity will be lower, compared to other eastern chimpanzee populations, due to potential isolation. The population density of Ugalla is 0.25 (CI 0.16-0.38) individuals/km 2 , which is ten times less than the lowest forested site density. The Ugalla males appear to remain in their natal community, as geographic clusters of rare Y-chromosome haplotypes were found, suggesting the maintenance of male-philopatric communities. Relative genetic diversity of the Y-chromosome was exceptionally low among the males, and autosomal diversity was comparable to other eastern chimpanzee populations. These results indicate that although chimpanzees in Ugalla occur at much lower densities in response to a savanna-woodland habitat, male philopatry is maintained, suggesting this social structure is a highly conservative adaptation, and one which may have been shared with our earliest ancestors as they shifted to a similar environment.

Author: Reema Adella Persad-Clem
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chimpanzees
Languages : en
Pages : 235

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We studied the ecological impact and adaptation of 18 captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) from differing origins, rearing and housing situations as they made the transition from cages to a 6-acre tract of forest (Habitat) at the Chimp Haven retirement sanctuary in Caddo Parish, Louisiana. Before release in summer 2005, we permanently tagged all trees in the Habitat and did a line-transect to sample the canopy, understory and lianas and a neighboring control plot. Before release, we presented the group with eight novel species of edible, freshly-cut vegetation (we knew they would encounter in the Habitat) in bundled combinations and recorded how the apes used each taxa. We followed their use of these familiar and any non-familiar forms of vegetation during the post-release period in the Habitat. We used scan-sampling to collect data on activity budget (including locomotion and social behavior), spatial use and proximity before and after the release, and kept track of climate variables during the entire study period. Ulmus foliage was preferred to all other forms of vegetation for both eating and non-eating use during the browse study and in the Habitat. Based on a re-sampling of the Habitat and control plots in 2008, the saplings and lianas showed greater impact due to chimpanzee presence, while the trees were less affected. Wild-born females used the vegetation the most by foraging, climbing trees, eating familiar and non-familiar plants, building beds and moving in the Habitat, compared with males and captive-born females. Although differences in forest structure, advanced age, absence of resource competition and the minimal influence of neighboring communities hindered comparisons to wild chimpanzee behavior, grouping pattern and same-sex associations approached natural norms in this group after their release into the Habitat. These data show that a pre- versus post-release environmental impact assessment is critical in preserving the integrity of the vegetation structure and provide encouraging evidence that aged, captive chimpanzees of varied life-history backgrounds can adapt to existing in a temperate, forested environment, without doing large-scale damage to it.

Author: Susana Gonçalves Costa
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chimpanzees
Languages : en
Pages :

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Rainforest biodiversity is particularly vulnerable to loss, since the distribution of forests is limited and the vertebrate species that live within these forests have a limited potential to re-colonize deforested areas, especially when their abundance declines to critical levels. Guinea-Bissau (West Africa) is experiencing significant loss of habitats and species diversity; as such, the establishment of an effective conservation programme is urgent in its remaining forested areas. Despite six legislated protected areas, Guinean forests and their wildlife are not safe in reality. This lack of on-the-ground protection is the case for Cantanhez National Park (Tombali region), where this research took place. The park was established in 2007 to protect remnant forests containing unique and endemic Guinean biodiversity, such as the endangered West African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus). Local inhabitant's attitudes towards protected areas and associated externally driven conservation programmes are seldom examined in depth in relation to understanding the drivers (livelihood, socio-cultural, and local) of perceptions, which makes conservation problematic. Understanding attitudes to animals, habitats and livelihood risks were the focus of this project, specifically in order to assess perceptions of chimpanzees. Chimpanzees are currently suffering catastrophic declines due to human actions across Africa. Thus a focus on understanding, managing and enhancing people's perceptions and attitudes towards this species could be vital to its long-term survival. The theoretical approach is based upon (i) examining the construct of sociozoologic scales in this specific socio-cultural context, (ii) elucidating issues in human wildlife interaction (e.g. conflict such as crop-raiding and positive such as ecotourism potential), (iii) local economies (i.e. level of dependency on forest resources), and (iv) understanding people's expectations about the future of the National Park as a potential constraint or opportunity for their welfare and livelihoods. Quantitative and qualitative methods were combined to approach these questions. The Guinean sociozoologic scale of Cantanhez clearly divides vertebrate species into (i) 'tame', considered good (e.g. gazelles) and (ii) 'hazardous', considered bad (e.g. hyaenas). Chimpanzees lay exactly in the midpoint. They are considered humans' close relatives; however, they 'misbehave' as astute crop thieves sufficiently to be perceived as a competitor for resources. Since chimpanzees are also seen as very similar to humans, their meat consumption is taboo, which adds the potential for protection. Gender and religion both influence the way locals perceive of and relate to chimpanzees. Women and Muslims tend to be more negative towards this species and the protected area than are men and non-Muslims. Women never exhibited positive attitudes in relation to the protected area, while men appeared to be more engaged with 'capitalized' principles, with some awareness about the importance chimpanzees might have in catalyzing the National Park and local economy. This study highlights the need for a management plan to mitigate crop-raiding and the development of sustainable strategies that provide livelihood benefits for both men and women, addressing their distinct needs, outside the protected area.

Author: Rebecca Kormos
Publisher: World Conservation Union
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 238

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Wild chimpanzees are only found in tropical Africa, where their populations have declined by more than 66% in the last 30 years. This Action Plan focuses on one of the four chimpanzee subspecies, the western chimpanzee, which is one of the two subspecies most threatened with extinction. This publication presents a plan for action that represents a consensus among all parties concerned with the conservation of chimpanzees.

Author: Jane Goodall
Publisher: HMH
ISBN: 0547488386
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 361

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The renowned British primatologist continues the “engrossing account” of her time among the chimpanzees of Gombe, Tanzania (Publishers Weekly). In her classic, In the Shadow of Man, Jane Goodall wrote of her first ten years at Gombe. In Through a Window she continues the story, painting a more complete and vivid portrait of our closest relatives. On the shores of Lake Tanganyika, Gombe is a community where the principal residents are chimpanzees. Through Goodall’s eyes we watch young Figan’s relentless rise to power and old Mike’s crushing defeat. We learn how one mother rears her children to succeed and another dooms hers to failure. We witness horrifying murders, touching moments of affection, joyous births, and wrenching deaths. As Goodall compellingly tells the story of this intimately intertwined community, we are shown human emotions stripped to their essence. In the mirror of chimpanzee life, we see ourselves reflected. “A humbling and exalting book . . . Ranks with the great scientific achievements of the twentieth century.” —The Washington Post “[An] absolutely smashing account . . . Thrilling, affectionate, intelligent—a classic.” —Kirkus Reviews, starred review

Author: Tetsuro Matsuzawa
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 4431539212
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 464

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Book Description
The chimpanzees of Bossou in Guinea, West Africa, form a unique community which displays an exceptional array of tool use behaviors and behavioral adaptations to coexistence with humans. This community of Pan troglodytes verus has contributed more than three decades of data to the field of cultural primatology, especially chimpanzees’ flexible use of stones to crack open nuts and of perishable tools during foraging activities. The book highlights the special contribution of the long-term research at Bossou and more recent studies in surrounding areas, particularly in the Nimba Mountains and the forest of Diécké, to our understanding of wild chimpanzees’ tool use, cognitive development, lithic technology and culture. This compilation of research principally strives to uncover the complexity of the mind and behavioral flexibility of our closest living relatives. This work also reveals the necessity for ongoing efforts to conserve chimpanzees in the region. Chimpanzees have shed more light on our evolutionary origins than any other extant species in the world, yet their numbers in the wild are rapidly declining. In that sense, the Bossou chimpanzees and their neighbors clearly embody an invaluable cultural heritage for humanity as a whole. Readers can enjoy video clips illustrating unique behaviors of Bossou chimpanzees, in an exclusive DVD accompanying the hardcover or at a dedicated website described in the softcover.