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Author: Christian Schumacher Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This paper investigates uncertainty around point estimates of the German NAIRU in a state space framework. The relative accuracy of alternative MSE approximations for the states is compared using Monte Carlo simulations. A bootstrap method yields confidence intervals with the highest coverage probability compared with simulation-based and delta method MSE approximations. The degree of uncertainty of the German NAIRU is estimated with different models. Whereas a univariate model of unemployment renders the NAIRU almost uninformative, extending it to a trivariate model consisting of unemployment, inflation and output helps to decrease the uncertainty considerably. However, because there are long periods of time where differences between the NAIRU and observed employment are not significantly different, the overall uncertainty remains high.
Author: Christian Schumacher Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This paper investigates uncertainty around point estimates of the German NAIRU in a state space framework. The relative accuracy of alternative MSE approximations for the states is compared using Monte Carlo simulations. A bootstrap method yields confidence intervals with the highest coverage probability compared with simulation-based and delta method MSE approximations. The degree of uncertainty of the German NAIRU is estimated with different models. Whereas a univariate model of unemployment renders the NAIRU almost uninformative, extending it to a trivariate model consisting of unemployment, inflation and output helps to decrease the uncertainty considerably. However, because there are long periods of time where differences between the NAIRU and observed employment are not significantly different, the overall uncertainty remains high.
Author: Gilles Dufrénot Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030542521 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 387
Book Description
The book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest econometric methods for studying the dynamics of macroeconomic and financial time series. It examines alternative methodological approaches and concepts, including quantile spectra and co-spectra, and explores topics such as non-linear and non-stationary behavior, stochastic volatility models, and the econometrics of commodity markets and globalization. Furthermore, it demonstrates the application of recent techniques in various fields: in the frequency domain, in the analysis of persistent dynamics, in the estimation of state space models and new classes of volatility models. The book is divided into two parts: The first part applies econometrics to the field of macroeconomics, discussing trend/cycle decomposition, growth analysis, monetary policy and international trade. The second part applies econometrics to a wide range of topics in financial economics, including price dynamics in equity, commodity and foreign exchange markets and portfolio analysis. The book is essential reading for scholars, students, and practitioners in government and financial institutions interested in applying recent econometric time series methods to financial and economic data.
Author: Johan Dahlin Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press ISBN: 9176857972 Category : Languages : sv Pages : 139
Book Description
Making decisions and predictions from noisy observations are two important and challenging problems in many areas of society. Some examples of applications are recommendation systems for online shopping and streaming services, connecting genes with certain diseases and modelling climate change. In this thesis, we make use of Bayesian statistics to construct probabilistic models given prior information and historical data, which can be used for decision support and predictions. The main obstacle with this approach is that it often results in mathematical problems lacking analytical solutions. To cope with this, we make use of statistical simulation algorithms known as Monte Carlo methods to approximate the intractable solution. These methods enjoy well-understood statistical properties but are often computational prohibitive to employ. The main contribution of this thesis is the exploration of different strategies for accelerating inference methods based on sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). That is, strategies for reducing the computational effort while keeping or improving the accuracy. A major part of the thesis is devoted to proposing such strategies for the MCMC method known as the particle Metropolis-Hastings (PMH) algorithm. We investigate two strategies: (i) introducing estimates of the gradient and Hessian of the target to better tailor the algorithm to the problem and (ii) introducing a positive correlation between the point-wise estimates of the target. Furthermore, we propose an algorithm based on the combination of SMC and Gaussian process optimisation, which can provide reasonable estimates of the posterior but with a significant decrease in computational effort compared with PMH. Moreover, we explore the use of sparseness priors for approximate inference in over-parametrised mixed effects models and autoregressive processes. This can potentially be a practical strategy for inference in the big data era. Finally, we propose a general method for increasing the accuracy of the parameter estimates in non-linear state space models by applying a designed input signal. Borde Riksbanken höja eller sänka reporäntan vid sitt nästa möte för att nå inflationsmålet? Vilka gener är förknippade med en viss sjukdom? Hur kan Netflix och Spotify veta vilka filmer och vilken musik som jag vill lyssna på härnäst? Dessa tre problem är exempel på frågor där statistiska modeller kan vara användbara för att ge hjälp och underlag för beslut. Statistiska modeller kombinerar teoretisk kunskap om exempelvis det svenska ekonomiska systemet med historisk data för att ge prognoser av framtida skeenden. Dessa prognoser kan sedan användas för att utvärdera exempelvis vad som skulle hända med inflationen i Sverige om arbetslösheten sjunker eller hur värdet på mitt pensionssparande förändras när Stockholmsbörsen rasar. Tillämpningar som dessa och många andra gör statistiska modeller viktiga för många delar av samhället. Ett sätt att ta fram statistiska modeller bygger på att kontinuerligt uppdatera en modell allteftersom mer information samlas in. Detta angreppssätt kallas för Bayesiansk statistik och är särskilt användbart när man sedan tidigare har bra insikter i modellen eller tillgång till endast lite historisk data för att bygga modellen. En nackdel med Bayesiansk statistik är att de beräkningar som krävs för att uppdatera modellen med den nya informationen ofta är mycket komplicerade. I sådana situationer kan man istället simulera utfallet från miljontals varianter av modellen och sedan jämföra dessa mot de historiska observationerna som finns till hands. Man kan sedan medelvärdesbilda över de varianter som gav bäst resultat för att på så sätt ta fram en slutlig modell. Det kan därför ibland ta dagar eller veckor för att ta fram en modell. Problemet blir särskilt stort när man använder mer avancerade modeller som skulle kunna ge bättre prognoser men som tar för lång tid för att bygga. I denna avhandling använder vi ett antal olika strategier för att underlätta eller förbättra dessa simuleringar. Vi föreslår exempelvis att ta hänsyn till fler insikter om systemet och därmed minska antalet varianter av modellen som behöver undersökas. Vi kan således redan utesluta vissa modeller eftersom vi har en bra uppfattning om ungefär hur en bra modell ska se ut. Vi kan också förändra simuleringen så att den enklare rör sig mellan olika typer av modeller. På detta sätt utforskas rymden av alla möjliga modeller på ett mer effektivt sätt. Vi föreslår ett antal olika kombinationer och förändringar av befintliga metoder för att snabba upp anpassningen av modellen till observationerna. Vi visar att beräkningstiden i vissa fall kan minska ifrån några dagar till någon timme. Förhoppningsvis kommer detta i framtiden leda till att man i praktiken kan använda mer avancerade modeller som i sin tur resulterar i bättre prognoser och beslut.
Author: Wilfredo Palma Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0470131454 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 306
Book Description
A self-contained, contemporary treatment of the analysis of long-range dependent data Long-Memory Time Series: Theory and Methods provides an overview of the theory and methods developed to deal with long-range dependent data and describes the applications of these methodologies to real-life time series. Systematically organized, it begins with the foundational essentials, proceeds to the analysis of methodological aspects (Estimation Methods, Asymptotic Theory, Heteroskedastic Models, Transformations, Bayesian Methods, and Prediction), and then extends these techniques to more complex data structures. To facilitate understanding, the book: Assumes a basic knowledge of calculus and linear algebra and explains the more advanced statistical and mathematical concepts Features numerous examples that accelerate understanding and illustrate various consequences of the theoretical results Proves all theoretical results (theorems, lemmas, corollaries, etc.) or refers readers to resources with further demonstration Includes detailed analyses of computational aspects related to the implementation of the methodologies described, including algorithm efficiency, arithmetic complexity, CPU times, and more Includes proposed problems at the end of each chapter to help readers solidify their understanding and practice their skills A valuable real-world reference for researchers and practitioners in time series analysis, economerics, finance, and related fields, this book is also excellent for a beginning graduate-level course in long-memory processes or as a supplemental textbook for those studying advanced statistics, mathematics, economics, finance, engineering, or physics. A companion Web site is available for readers to access the S-Plus and R data sets used within the text.
Author: Víctor Gómez Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030207900 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 355
Book Description
This book presents an introduction to linear univariate and multivariate time series analysis, providing brief theoretical insights into each topic, and from the beginning illustrating the theory with software examples. As such, it quickly introduces readers to the peculiarities of each subject from both theoretical and the practical points of view. It also includes numerous examples and real-world applications that demonstrate how to handle different types of time series data. The associated software package, SSMMATLAB, is written in MATLAB and also runs on the free OCTAVE platform. The book focuses on linear time series models using a state space approach, with the Kalman filter and smoother as the main tools for model estimation, prediction and signal extraction. A chapter on state space models describes these tools and provides examples of their use with general state space models. Other topics discussed in the book include ARIMA; and transfer function and structural models; as well as signal extraction using the canonical decomposition in the univariate case, and VAR, VARMA, cointegrated VARMA, VARX, VARMAX, and multivariate structural models in the multivariate case. It also addresses spectral analysis, the use of fixed filters in a model-based approach, and automatic model identification procedures for ARIMA and transfer function models in the presence of outliers, interventions, complex seasonal patterns and other effects like Easter, trading day, etc. This book is intended for both students and researchers in various fields dealing with time series. The software provides numerous automatic procedures to handle common practical situations, but at the same time, readers with programming skills can write their own programs to deal with specific problems. Although the theoretical introduction to each topic is kept to a minimum, readers can consult the companion book ‘Multivariate Time Series With Linear State Space Structure’, by the same author, if they require more details.
Author: Olivier de Bandt Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540326111 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 379
Book Description
Against the background of the introduction of the Euro in 1999, France, Germany and Italy have recently experienced higher divergence in terms of GDP growth. Based on a set of original papers produced by a team of economists from the three main National Central Banks of the Euro area this book analyses the latest developments in three important European economies in a broad perspective, using modern econometric techniques.
Author: Terence C. Mills Publisher: Palgrave Handbook of Econometr ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 1432
Book Description
Palgrave Handbooks of Econometrics comprises 'landmark' essays by the world's leading scholars and provides authoritative guidance in key areas of econometrics. With definitive contributions on the subject, the Handbook is an essential source for reference for professional econometricians, economists, researchers and students. Following the successful Palgrave Handbook of Econometrics: Volume 1, this second volume brings together leading academics working in econometrics today and explores applied econometrics. Volume 2 contains contributions on subjects including growth/development econometrics, computing, microeconomics, macroeconomics, finance, spatial and urban economics and international economics.
Author: Christian Schumacher
Author: Christian Schumacher
Author: Gilles Dufrénot
Author: Johan Dahlin
Author: Wilfredo Palma
Author: Víctor Gómez
Author: Otmar Issing
Author: Claudia Foroni
Author: Olivier de Bandt
Author: B. Grigelionis
Author: Terence C. Mills