Author: Glenn Abela Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Microsimulation models have been particularly useful when dealing with the economic welfare impact of COVID-19, particularly since such models offer a way to obtain timely and policy-relevant information in the absence of detailed household-level survey data. This study uses EUROMOD, a static tax-benefit microsimulation model calibrated for Malta, to evaluate the microeconomic impact of the wage supplement scheme introduced in Malta in response to the COVID-19 pandemic for the year 2020. Results suggest that the wage supplement scheme had a number of positive effects. First, it dampened average income losses, both across the income distribution and within economic sectors irrespective of the extent to which these were impacted. In particular, the results show that the scheme's impact across the income spectrum was progressive in the sense that it shielded the lowest earners relatively more. Poverty rates are invariably lower under the wage supplement scenario, than under a scenario where the scheme is not enacted, whilst its impacts on income inequality are ambiguous. Importantly, the size of the shock suffered by the worst-hit households declines markedly in the presence of the scheme. Future work can benefit from the availability of household survey data to conduct a more thorough assessment of the impacts this study attempts to measure, and in so doing, serve as a validation tool against which simulation exercises such as this can be compared.
Author: Sitko, N., Knowles M., Viberti, F., Bordi, D. Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN: 9251353395 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 69
Book Description
In this paper we focus specifically on differences in the welfare impacts of COVID-19 on rural livelihoods between countries using nationally representative data that we disaggregate by food system typology. This typology captures key structural differences in the organization of rural economies and the vulnerabilities to rural livelihoods due to the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown measures. In particular, we draw on household survey data collected from 54 countries through the World Bank’s COVID-19 High Frequency Monitoring Dashboard to generate descriptive data on COVID-19 impacts in rural areas across three dimensions: income, coping strategies and food security. These descriptive data are disaggregated into four food system categories and contextualized and validated through a systematic review of rigorous, survey-based studies of COVID-19 impacts in rural areas. Through this analysis, the report provides insights on how COVID-19 is influencing rural livelihoods, how its impacts vary between countries and food system typologies, and, ultimately, how policymakers and the international community need to respond in order to foster an inclusive and sustainable recovery.
Author: Giovanna Dabbicco Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3031047451 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 298
Book Description
This book examines the implications of the Covid-19 pandemic for public-sector accounting and finance. It provides a holistic overview of government initiatives to navigate the pandemic, focusing on how government policies and related spending have affected the budgetary process, the disclosure of information and transparency, as well as the importance of accounting technologies and operating systems in times of crisis. The book shows how government economic interventions have been crucial in counteracting the financial consequences of the global pandemic, and emphasizes the importance of accountability. It will appeal to students and scholars of public policy, public administration and finance, as well as policymakers and public managers responsible for public sector financial and budgetary reporting of public administrations.
Author: Samuel Pienknagura Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 151359611X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 52
Book Description
Chile’s pension system came under close scrutiny in recent years. This paper takes stock of the adequacy of the system and highlights its challenges. Chile’s defined contribution system was quite influential when introduced, and was taken as an example by other countries. However, it is now delivering low replacement rates relative to OECD peers, as its parameters did not adapt over time to changing demographics and global returns, while informality persists in the labor market. In the absence of reforms, the system’s inability to deliver adequate outcomes for a large share of participants will continue to magnify, as demographic trends and low global interest rates will continue to reduce replacement rates. In addition, recent legislation allowing for pension savings withdrawals to counter the effects from the COVID-19 pandemic, is projected to further reduce replacement rates and increase fiscal costs. A substantial improvement in replacement rates is feasible, via a reform that raises contribution rates and the retirement age, coupled with policies that increases workers’ contribution density.
Author: Glenn Abela
Author: 
Author: 
Author: Guy Lacroix
Author: Sitko, N., Knowles M., Viberti, F., Bordi, D.
Author: David C. Maré
Author: Philip E. T. Lewis
Author: 
Author: Giovanna Dabbicco
Author: Samuel Pienknagura