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Author: Zaheed Hasan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Climatic changes Languages : en Pages : 504
Book Description
Climate change has been identified as one of the most defining challenges of the twenty first century to the wellbeing of humans and ecology systems. The new Climate Change Vulnerability Index, released by the Global risks advisory firm Maplecroft ranked Bangladesh as one of the most vulnerable countries in the world at 'extreme risk' of climate change (Maplecroft, 2014). Coastal Bangladesh is a potential hotspot in the world threatened by extreme floods, cyclones, rising sea levels and high temperatures (World Bank, 2013). Traditional small-scale marine fishing communities living in the coastal areas are at the forefront of disaster threats and are frequent victims of deadly events. Planned adaptation strategies are necessary in light of increased disasters and the limited adaptation capacity of the artisanal fishing communities. This research focuses on the contextual determinants and dimensions of artisanal marine fishing community perceptions of, and adaptation to, climate change and recommends policies for adaptation. Seven fishing villages (jeleparas) in Chittagong and Chakaria were selected for this study. These fishing villages are located in the high-risk zones to disasters, noteably floods, cyclones and storm surges (GOB, 2010). A mixed method research approach was used here to investigate key dimensions and determinants of community perceptions of climate change and adaptation. Some of the key aspects of this research are climate change, environmental disasters, community culture and customs, local institutions and politics, socio-economy, and the demography of the traditional marine fishing communities in Bangladesh. This study documents how world views, disaster experiences, institutional factors, culture and customs play a central role in community risk perceptions and adaptation responses. This study found that awareness of climate change impacts is high among the small-scale fishing community in Bangladesh, in which nine in ten respondents were worried but not panicked about climate change. Respondents had clear perceptions about changes in rainfall, seasonal patterns and increased temperatures. Fishers reported that rough waves and stronger winds have become a common phenomenon at sea and risks to fishers have increased significantly. However, the majority of respondents perceived that climate change is a natural process and some claimed that it was an Act of God. Tradition, faith, values, observations and disaster experiences are powerful indicators of fishers' understanding of climate change and environment change in the future. Results showed that there are clear differences in scientific and community conceptions of climate change. Respondents also believed that adaptation to climate change was possible through proper planning and support, while they perceived that individual, community and government actions are necessary to minimise impacts related to climate change. Infrastructure development, financial support for the community, specially from the government, better construction of boats, improved housing, and the inclusion of community representatives in the local disaster management committee, were all ranked as some of the adaptation policy preferences for the community. The design and implementation of appropriate climate change adaptation policies are seen to be necessary to help the fishing community adapt gradually to the changing environment.
Author: Zaheed Hasan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Climatic changes Languages : en Pages : 504
Book Description
Climate change has been identified as one of the most defining challenges of the twenty first century to the wellbeing of humans and ecology systems. The new Climate Change Vulnerability Index, released by the Global risks advisory firm Maplecroft ranked Bangladesh as one of the most vulnerable countries in the world at 'extreme risk' of climate change (Maplecroft, 2014). Coastal Bangladesh is a potential hotspot in the world threatened by extreme floods, cyclones, rising sea levels and high temperatures (World Bank, 2013). Traditional small-scale marine fishing communities living in the coastal areas are at the forefront of disaster threats and are frequent victims of deadly events. Planned adaptation strategies are necessary in light of increased disasters and the limited adaptation capacity of the artisanal fishing communities. This research focuses on the contextual determinants and dimensions of artisanal marine fishing community perceptions of, and adaptation to, climate change and recommends policies for adaptation. Seven fishing villages (jeleparas) in Chittagong and Chakaria were selected for this study. These fishing villages are located in the high-risk zones to disasters, noteably floods, cyclones and storm surges (GOB, 2010). A mixed method research approach was used here to investigate key dimensions and determinants of community perceptions of climate change and adaptation. Some of the key aspects of this research are climate change, environmental disasters, community culture and customs, local institutions and politics, socio-economy, and the demography of the traditional marine fishing communities in Bangladesh. This study documents how world views, disaster experiences, institutional factors, culture and customs play a central role in community risk perceptions and adaptation responses. This study found that awareness of climate change impacts is high among the small-scale fishing community in Bangladesh, in which nine in ten respondents were worried but not panicked about climate change. Respondents had clear perceptions about changes in rainfall, seasonal patterns and increased temperatures. Fishers reported that rough waves and stronger winds have become a common phenomenon at sea and risks to fishers have increased significantly. However, the majority of respondents perceived that climate change is a natural process and some claimed that it was an Act of God. Tradition, faith, values, observations and disaster experiences are powerful indicators of fishers' understanding of climate change and environment change in the future. Results showed that there are clear differences in scientific and community conceptions of climate change. Respondents also believed that adaptation to climate change was possible through proper planning and support, while they perceived that individual, community and government actions are necessary to minimise impacts related to climate change. Infrastructure development, financial support for the community, specially from the government, better construction of boats, improved housing, and the inclusion of community representatives in the local disaster management committee, were all ranked as some of the adaptation policy preferences for the community. The design and implementation of appropriate climate change adaptation policies are seen to be necessary to help the fishing community adapt gradually to the changing environment.
Author: Davis, Peter Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN: Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 28
Book Description
This paper reports on findings from 30 focus group discussions and 30 key informant interviews conducted in 12 districts of Bangladesh in May 2012. The discussions and interviews draw attention to perceptions of climate change and how climate-related trends influence peoples lives, both directly and indirectly. The findings also identify how people adapt to and cope with these changes. This paper aims to improve our understanding of local peoples perceptions of these changes, explore the ways they are affected by them, and how well they are adapting to them. In order for policymakers to plan responses to climate change in Bangladesh, it is essential to understand how people understand and cope with these trends.
Author: Rajib Shaw Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 4431542493 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 418
Book Description
The book outlines the climate change adaptation (CCA) actions in Bangladesh drawing examples and lessons from different projects and programs in the country. The content is based on a selection of available documents, a consultative workshop with the academicians from different universities undertaking higher education on disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation, and the editors’ own knowledge and experience in the field. The book has four parts. Part I gives the details of climate change impacts, providing the scenarios, negotiations, and specific impacts on sea-level rise and the health sectors. Part II focuses on climate change strategy and action plans. Part III covers socio-economic impacts in terms of economic and environmental costs. Part IV focuses on adaptive actions for agriculture, livelihoods, and integrated approaches in agriculture and fisheries. Part V deals with climate-change governance issues. The primary target groups for this book are students and researchers in the fields of environment, disaster risk reduction, and climate change studies. The book will provide them with a good idea of the current trend of research in the field and will furnish basic knowledge on this important topic in Bangladesh. Another target group comprises practitioners and policy makers, who will be able to apply collective knowledge to policy and decision making.
Author: Mokhlesur Rahman Publisher: IUCN ISBN: 9843361164 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 55
Book Description
The recent increase in exposure to natural hazards among the communities of Bangladesh is linked to the new generation of threats posed by climate variability and change resulting from anthropogenic activity. Adaptation is not a new approach, but there are still a number of challenges inherent in adaptation and in building resilience to climate-induced threats. This documents emphasizes the adoption of ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) to climate change: restoration, enhancement, conservation and wise use of natural resources with the engagement of local communities so as to enable natural ecosystems to function properly and deliver services, which in turns builds societal resilience to the impacts of climate change. This report describes six different types of EbA currently being practiced in the coastal zone of Bangladesh, and an analysis is made in line with the ecosystem services derived from such ecosystem-based interventions. Finally, the report suggests approaches for effective planning, design and implementation of EbA schemes aimed at building social-ecological resilience.
Author: S. Huq Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401593256 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 157
Book Description
Bangladesh faces many challenges. So long it has been mainly the traditional ones of socio economic development and eradication of poverty. Environment as a major factor in this process has only recently entered the scene. But even before environmental considerations in the development process has become the normal practice, the spectre of climate change has reared its ugly head. While Bangladesh is not unique among developing countries in being at the receiving end regarding the causes and consequences of climate change, both in the literal and allegorical sense of the term, the fact remains that it has made the prospects for sustainable socio-economic development in the country much more complex and formidable than before. Both for her own sake and the sake of the global community at large, therefore, Bangladesh has to initiate actions at various levels to face the challenge from now on. The present study is a part of that process. In 1996, the Governments of USA and Bangladesh together decided to initiate a comprehensive study on climate change in Bangladesh. A unique consortium of public and non-governmental research organisations with support from the relevant administrative arms of the Government carried out the study over 1996 and 1997. The report has been accepted by the Government and several of its recommendations are in the process of implementation. While the direction of climate change is broadly certain, its details leave much scope for speculation and interpretation.
Author: Prabal Barua Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world due to climate change. It experiences frequent natural disasters, which cause loss of life and damage to infrastructure and economic assets, and adversely impact the lives and livelihoods of people in cyclone-prone coastal belts. About 20 million people live in the coastal region of Bangladesh, and 20% of them directly depend on the coastal and marine resources for their livelihood. Bangladesh has extensive and highly diversified fisheries resources. Fish play a crucial role in the diet and nutrition of its people. The fisheries sector has been playing a very significant role and has the potential for future development of the agrarian economy of the country. Fishers and fish farmers play a vital role in collecting fish from natural water bodies and culturing fish in closed and semiclosed water bodies. But nowadays, climate change poses severe threat mostly to fisheries sector among all other affected sectors. This study analyzes the indigenous knowledge of sustainable value chains of fish species by the coastal communities in response to climate change vulnerability. In this regard, this study identifies the marketable and non-marketable fish species in the study areas and analyzes the potential value chains of the products and sustainable marketing channel establishment opportunities in the coastal area of Bangladesh. Overall, 20 in-depth interviews were conducted with influential stakeholders along with 16 focus group discussions with 150 beneficiaries. In addition, 420 beneficiaries were individually interviewed to get a sense of their status and views towards market development, along with suggestions to set up intervention in future. Ensuring sustainability within the value chains is important to deal with the challenges and changing demands of age. Strong private sector alliance along with public-private ventures and application of indigenous knowledge by the communities could bring sustainable value chain development in the fisheries sector in these most vulnerable coastal communities in Bangladesh.
Author: Susmita Dasgupta Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464815879 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 103
Book Description
Climate change poses serious threats to inclusive economic progress and poverty reduction. Strong countermeasures are required to increase the capacity of low-income people to mitigate their risk exposure to the impacts of climate change. Central pillars in planning for sustainable development and poverty alleviation must include vulnerability assessments, appropriate adaptation measures, and resilience-smart investments. This means placing climate change adaptation and resilience at the center of overall development policy. Coping with Climate Change in the Sundarbans contributes to this effort by synthesizing multiyear, multidisciplinary climate change studies on the Sundarbans—the world’s largest remaining contiguous mangrove forest and wetland of international importance, as well as home to some of South Asia’s poorest and most vulnerable communities. The studies’ findings indicate that, in a changing climate, sea-level rise, storm-surge intensification, and water salinization will alter the Sundarbans ecosystem significantly. The ripple effect of these changes will have multifaceted adverse impacts on the nature-dependent livelihoods, health, and nutrition of nearby communities. Elevated health risks, reduced land and labor productivity, and increased exposure to storms, floods, droughts, and other extreme events will make escape from poverty more difficult. Families in the Sundarbans are on the front line of these changes. Their experience and adaptation signal future decisions by hundreds of millions of families worldwide who will face similar threats from progressive sea-level rise. This research lays the technical foundation for developing a better understanding of the changes the Sundarbans currently faces, including responses of the ecosystem and human communities. Based on field research, location-specific, resilience-smart adaptation measures are recommended for reducing climate change vulnerability. Beyond the Sundarbans, the studies’ methods and findings will be of interest to development practitioners, policy makers, and researchers focused on island nations and countries worldwide that feature high-density populations and economic activity in low-lying coastal regions vulnerable to sea-level rise.
Author: Publisher: Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) ISBN: Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 140
Book Description
These Proceedings include the Report of, and the background papers prepared for, the Workshop on Climate Change Implications for Fisheries of the Benguela Current Region: Making the Best of Change. Presentation topics included: the regional biophysical features and decadal trends in the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem (BCLME); national contexts of climate variability and change and fisheries; and a vulnerability assessment of the region's fisheries. Discussions largely focused on: aspects of developing a methodology for vulnerability assessment; definition of vulnerability in a fisheries context; potential climate change impacts on, and vulnerability levels of, the different fisheries in the region; and potential short- and medium-term adaptation actions.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN: 9251306079 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 654
Book Description
This report indicates that climate change will significantly affect the availability and trade of fish products, especially for those countries most dependent on the sector, and calls for effective adaptation and mitigation actions encompassing food production.
Author: Timothy S. Thomas Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN: Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 76
Book Description
Bangladesh is extremely vulnerable to the impact of climate change because it is a low-lying, flat country subject to both riverine flooding and sea level rise, and because a large portion of its population is dependent on agriculture for its livelihood. The goal of this research was to examine the likely impacts of climate change on agriculture in Bangladesh, and develop recommendations to policymakers to help farmers adapt to the changes. In this study, we use climate data from four general circulation models (GCMs) to evaluate the impact of climate change on agriculture in Bangladesh by 2050. We use the DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) crop modeling software to evaluate crop yields, first for the 1950 to 2000 period (actual climate) and then for the climates given by the four GCMs for 2050. We evaluate crop yields at 1,789 different points in Bangladesh, using a grid composed of roughly 10 kilometer (km) squares, for 8 different crops in 2000 and 2050. For each crop, we search for the best cultivar (variety) at each square, rather than limiting our analysis to a single variety for all locations. We also search for the best planting month in each square. In addition, we explore potential gains in changing fertilizer levels and in using irrigation to compensate for rainfall changes. This analysis indicates that when practiced together, using cultivars better suited for climate change and adjusting planting dates can lessen the impacts of climate change on yields, especially for rice, and in some cases actually result in higher yields. In addition, the analysis shows that losses in yield due to climate change can be compensated for, for many crops, by increasing the availability of nitrogen in the soil. Moreover, we used a household survey to collect information on the incidence of climatic shocks in the last five years and adaptation options. The survey was conducted from December 2010 to February 2011, covering data from the previous production year. The results confirm that Bangladesh farmers already perceive the impacts of climate change. In particular, the survey results indicate that of all climate changerelated shocks, floods, waterlogging, and river erosion caused the largest loss to rice production. Farmers in our survey lost around 12 percent of their harvest, on average, to some kind of shock, with about half of that attributable to flooding-related issues. The second leading cause of rice crop loss was pests, responsible for around 3 percent of production. Taken together, the results indicate that adaptation efforts in Bangladesh should include adjusting planting dates, using improved cultivars better suited for climate change, improving fertilizer application, exploring increased maize production, and bolstering flood and pest protection for farmers.
Author: Zaheed Hasan
Author: Zaheed Hasan
Author: Davis, Peter
Author: Rajib Shaw
Author: Mokhlesur Rahman
Author: S. Huq
Author: Prabal Barua
Author: Susmita Dasgupta
Author: 
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Author: Timothy S. Thomas