Artificially Induced Crystalline Alignment in Thin Films and Nanostructures PDF Download

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781605112855
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: A. T. Findikoglu
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781618395153
Category : Crystalline electric field
Languages : en
Pages : 56

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Author: Vladimir Matias
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 216

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The MRS Symposium Proceeding series is an internationally recognised reference suitable for researchers and practitioners.

Author: Nong Moon Hwang
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9401776164
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 338

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This book provides a comprehensive introduction to a recently-developed approach to the growth mechanism of thin films and nanostructures via chemical vapour deposition (CVD). Starting from the underlying principles of the low pressure synthesis of diamond films, it is shown that diamond growth occurs not by individual atoms but by charged nanoparticles. This newly-discovered growth mechanism turns out to be general to many CVD and some physical vapor deposition (PVD) processes. This non-classical crystallization is a new paradigm of crystal growth, with active research taking place on growth in solution, especially in biomineralization processes. Established understanding of the growth of thin films and nanostructures is based around processes involving individual atoms or molecules. According to the author’s research over the last two decades, however, the generation of charged gas phase nuclei is shown to be the rule rather than the exception in the CVD process, and charged gas phase nuclei are actively involved in the growth of films or nanostructures. This new understanding is called the theory of charged nanoparticles (TCN). This book describes how the non-classical crystallization mechanism can be applied to the growth of thin films and nanostructures in gas phase synthesis. Based on the author’s graduate lecture course, the book is aimed at senior undergraduate and graduate students and researchers in the field of thin film and nanostructure growth or crystal growth. It is hoped that a new understanding of the growth processes of thin films and nanostructures will reduce trial-and-error in research and in industrial fabrication processes.

Author: Emile Knystautas
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420028294
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 592

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While ion-beam techniques have been used to create thin films in the semiconductor industry for several decades, these methods have been too costly for other surface treatment applications. However, as manufacturing devices become increasingly smaller, the use of a directed-energy ion beam is finding novel industrial applications that require the custom tailoring of new materials and devices, including magnetic storage devices, photonics, opto-electronics, and molecular transport. Engineering Thin Films and Nanostructures with Ion Beams offers a thorough narrative of the recent advances that make this technology relevant to current and future applications. Featuring internationally recognized researchers, the book compiles their expertise in a multidimensional source that: Highlights the mechanisms and visual evidence of the effects of single-ion impacts on metallic surfaces Considers how ion-beam techniques can help achieve higher disk-drive densities Introduces gas-cluster ion-beam technology and reviews its precedents Explains how ion beams are used to aggregate metals and semiconductors into nanoclusters with nonlinear optical properties Addresses current challenges in building equipment needed to produce nanostructures in an industrial setting Examines the combination of ion-beam techniques, particularly with physical vapor deposition Delineates the fabrication of nanopillars, nanoflowers, and interconnected nanochannels in three dimensions by using atomic shadowing techniques Illustrates the production of nanopores of varying dimensions in polymer films, alloys, and superconductors using ion-beam irradiation Shows how fingerprints can be made more reliable as forensic evidence by recoil-mixing them into the substrate using ion beams From the basics of the ion-beam modification of materials to state-of-the-art applications, Engineering Th

Author: Dena Mae Agra-Kooijman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Liquid crystals
Languages : en
Pages : 126

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The physical and chemical nature of bare surfaces and of thin films of polymers deposited in solid substrates plays a key role in the alignment of liquid crystal (LC). The ability to define the polar and azimuthal direction of the LC director at substrate-LC interface is at the heart of electro-optical applications of liquid crystals. However, the precise mechanism(s) of LC alignment have remained shrouded in mystery. The research conducted under this project was aimed at gaining insight into the relationship between LC alignment and the surface structure/morphology and to understand the dynamics of polymer chains at the polymer-air interface and under confinement to small dimensions. The results presented here show that properties of thin polymer films, such as glass transition temperature, Tg, and chain mobility are significantly different from bulk polymers. However, the understanding of the underlying reasons for these effects is far from complete. The studies of various polymers (weight molecular weight, radius of gyration) in different film geometries (supported on substrate or free standing) using different techniques reveal either an increase or a decrease in Tg and/or chain mobility with decreasing film thickness. Although the shifts of the Tg are a clear indication of the differences between the polymer chain mobility in the bulk and thin films, the measurements of Tg's are only an indirect method to probe their relaxation dynamics. The measurement of optical retardation, a simple optical technique requiring no physical contact with the polymer film, has been employed to directly probe the relaxation dynamics of variously treated thin polymer films routinely used for liquid crystal alignment. Using the relaxation model based on Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts, the Tg's of polystyrene films were determined as a function of the thickness and rubbing strengths (depths). Tg's are significantly reduced by 15-20 K for films of thickness less than 250 ... This correlates very well with previous studies on similar systems but using different methods. In addition, Tg decreases with rubbing depth indicating that polymer molecules close to the film-air interface relax faster than the molecules farther from the interface. The dependence of Tg on the rubbing strength provides clear evidence that polymer chains at the surface relax more readily. The morphology of polymer films was determined using high-resolution x-ray reflectivity, which is a sensitive and direct probe of surface structure at submicron levels. Making use of the inherent anisotropy in the coherence area of the x-ray beam, the morphological anisotropy of the films was quantitatively determined. The films' surfaces were modified by a specific treatment (i.e., rubbing or exposing to linearly polarized UV). Knowledge of the vertical root mean square (rms) roughness parallel and perpendicular to the treatment direction is of great importance in understanding the exact role in liquid crystal alignment of the nature of the surface. Reflectivity scans on the treated surfaces reveal roughness anisotropy, i.e., roughness is significantly different in the two orthogonal directions on the substrate plane. This direction of a more roughness is perpendicular to the azimuthal direction of the liquid crystal alignment. Hence, liquid crystal molecules align in the smoother direction.

Author: Quan Li
Publisher: Springer Science & Business
ISBN: 3319048678
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 431

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This book focuses on the exciting topic of nanoscience with liquid crystals: from self-organized nanostructures to applications. The elegant self-organized liquid crystalline nanostructures, the synergetic characteristics of liquid crystals and nanoparticles, liquid crystalline nanomaterials, synthesis of nanomaterials using liquid crystals as templates, nanoconfinement and nanoparticles of liquid crystals are covered and discussed, and the prospect of fabricating functional materials is highlighted. Contributions, collecting the scattered literature of the field from leading and active players, are compiled to make the book a reference book. Readers will find the book useful and of benefit both as summaries for works in this field and as tutorials and explanations of concepts for those just entering the field. Additionally, the book helps to stimulate future developments.

Author: Matthew Pelliccione
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387751092
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 206

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The focus of this book is on modeling and simulations used in research on the morphological evolution during film growth. The authors emphasize the detailed mathematical formulation of the problem. The book will enable readers themselves to set up a computational program to investigate specific topics of interest in thin film deposition. It will benefit those working in any discipline that requires an understanding of thin film growth processes.

Author: Ophelia Kwan Chui Tsui
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9812818820
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 312

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Ch. 1. Block copolymer thin films / J.-Y. Wang, S. Park and T. P. Russell -- ch. 2. Equilibration of block copolymer films on chemically patterned surfaces / G. S. W. Craig, H. Kang and P. F. Nealey -- ch. 3. Structure formation and evolution in confined cylinder-forming block copolymers / G. J. A. Sevink and J. G. E. M. Fraaije -- ch. 4. Block copolymer lithography for magnetic device fabrication / J. Y. Cheng and C. A. Ross -- ch. 5. Hierarchical structuring of polymer nanoparticles by self-organization / M. Shimomura ... [et al.] -- ch. 6. Wrinkling polymers for surface structure control and functionality / E. P. Chan and A. J. Crosby -- ch. 7. Crystallization in polymer thin films: morphology and growth / R. M. Van Horn and S. Z. D. Cheng -- ch. 8. Friction at soft polymer surface / M. K. Chaudhury, K. Vorvolakos and D. Malotky -- ch. 9. Relationship between molecular architecture, large-strain mechanical response and adhesive performance of model, block copolymer-based pressure sensitive adhesives / C. Creton and K. R. Shull -- ch. 10. Stability and dewetting of thin liquid films / K. Jacobs, R. Seemann and S. Herminghaus -- ch. 11. Anomalous dynamics of polymer Films / O. K. C. Tsui.

Author: Mario Rocca
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030469069
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1273

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This handbook delivers an up-to-date, comprehensive and authoritative coverage of the broad field of surface science, encompassing a range of important materials such metals, semiconductors, insulators, ultrathin films and supported nanoobjects. Over 100 experts from all branches of experiment and theory review in 39 chapters all major aspects of solid-state surfaces, from basic principles to applications, including the latest, ground-breaking research results. Beginning with the fundamental background of kinetics and thermodynamics at surfaces, the handbook leads the reader through the basics of crystallographic structures and electronic properties, to the advanced topics at the forefront of current research. These include but are not limited to novel applications in nanoelectronics, nanomechanical devices, plasmonics, carbon films, catalysis, and biology. The handbook is an ideal reference guide and instructional aid for a wide range of physicists, chemists, materials scientists and engineers active throughout academic and industrial research.