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Author: Ajay Agrawal Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 0226833127 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 172
Book Description
A timely investigation of the potential economic effects, both realized and unrealized, of artificial intelligence within the United States healthcare system. In sweeping conversations about the impact of artificial intelligence on many sectors of the economy, healthcare has received relatively little attention. Yet it seems unlikely that an industry that represents nearly one-fifth of the economy could escape the efficiency and cost-driven disruptions of AI. The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Health Care Challenges brings together contributions from health economists, physicians, philosophers, and scholars in law, public health, and machine learning to identify the primary barriers to entry of AI in the healthcare sector. Across original papers and in wide-ranging responses, the contributors analyze barriers of four types: incentives, management, data availability, and regulation. They also suggest that AI has the potential to improve outcomes and lower costs. Understanding both the benefits of and barriers to AI adoption is essential for designing policies that will affect the evolution of the healthcare system.
Author: Ajay Agrawal Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 0226833127 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 172
Book Description
A timely investigation of the potential economic effects, both realized and unrealized, of artificial intelligence within the United States healthcare system. In sweeping conversations about the impact of artificial intelligence on many sectors of the economy, healthcare has received relatively little attention. Yet it seems unlikely that an industry that represents nearly one-fifth of the economy could escape the efficiency and cost-driven disruptions of AI. The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Health Care Challenges brings together contributions from health economists, physicians, philosophers, and scholars in law, public health, and machine learning to identify the primary barriers to entry of AI in the healthcare sector. Across original papers and in wide-ranging responses, the contributors analyze barriers of four types: incentives, management, data availability, and regulation. They also suggest that AI has the potential to improve outcomes and lower costs. Understanding both the benefits of and barriers to AI adoption is essential for designing policies that will affect the evolution of the healthcare system.
Author: Johnny Ch LOK Publisher: ISBN: 9781791311704 Category : Languages : en Pages : 555
Book Description
Can apply artificial intelligent learning machine " big data" gathering method to predict manufacturers' behavioral performance ?In consumer view point, can they apply (AI) learning machine to predict manufacturers' behavioral performance to judge whether whose products are value to buy. Nowadays, (AI) and big data are reshaping the risk in consumer privacy. For example, consumers want to hide their willingness to pay just as firms want to hide their real marginal cost, and buyers have less favorable information, say a low credit shore, prefer to withhold it just as sellers want to conceal poor product quality. So, it implies that it is possible (AI) learning machine can help customers to gather any manufacturers' past sale performance, e.g. how many complaints or appreciation from clients, product quality etc. sale data to let consumers to make judgement whether it is value to buy to compare other competitors. So, it has risk to the poor product quality of manufacturers. Otherwise, it has benefits to the good product quality of manufacturers. It also implies all manufacturers' privacy is not protected or secret when (AI) learning machine is popular to be used to predict manufacturers' behaviors by consumers.Information economists suggest that both buyers and sells have an incentive to hide or reveal private information, and these incentives are crucial for market efficiency. Data technology that reveals consumers type could facilitate a better match between product and consumer type, and data technology that helps buyers to assess product quality could encourage high quality production. Thus, (AI) big data technology can also assist consumers to gather different manufacturers' data to compare what their advantages and disadvantages of their products are. Then, consumers can make comparison to choose which brand of product is the suitable to whom to buy in these more choice consumption market. (AI) learning machine will gather similar brand their products' data to analyze to make conclusion to let consumers know or feel to make final judge to find what advantages or disadvantages of these sample brands of similar products' comparison from internet. On the other hand, it means that manufacturers can gather consumers' past purchase behaviors or purchase experience from (AI) big data gathering method to record and analyze to give opinions to let manufacturers to know what reasons or factors influence consumers choose not to buy their products from internet.(AI) big data gathering consumer behavior prediction method can give these benefits to manufacturers and consumers both, such as: New concerns arise because (AI) technological advance which have enables reducing cost of collecting, storing, processing and using data in mass quantities extend information beyond a single transaction. These advances are often summarized by the big data, it means charge volume of transaction-level data that could identify individual consumers by itself or in combination with the datasets.The popular (AI) takes big data as in input in order to understand, predict and influence consumer behavior. Modern (AI) is used by legitimate companies, could improve management efficiency motivate innovations and better match demand and supply. But (AI) in the wrong hand, also allows the mass production of fraud and deception. Since , data can be stored, traded and used long after the transaction. Future data use is likely to grow with data processing technology, such as (AI) big data gathering consumer and manufacturer behavioral prediction method from internet channel.
Author: Johnny Ch Lok Publisher: ISBN: 9781723708077 Category : Languages : en Pages : 378
Book Description
consumers. What is economic laws qualitative or quantitative method to predict consumer behavior? Law of economic are qualitative in nature. They are not exactly stated in quantitative terms. They tell the direction of change which is expected rather than the amount of change. For example, according to the law of consumer demand, the quantity demanded varies inversely with price, We don't say that 10% rise in price will lead to 30% fall in the customers' quantity demand. What is economic merits of deduction method? This method is near to reality. It is less time consuming and less expensive. the use of mathematical techniques in deducing theories of economics brings exactness and clarity in economic analysis. The deductive method is highly abstract. It require a great deal of care to avoid bad logic or faulty economic reasoning. This method makes conclusions to predict consumer behavior, due to reliance on imperfect and correct assumptions. It involves the process of reasoning from particular facts to general principle on the basic of experimentations, observations and statistical methods. In this method, data is collected about a certain economic phenomenon. There are systematically arranged and the general conclusions are drawn from them. What are the advantages of inductive method to predict consumer behavior? It is based on facts as such the method is realistic. In order to test the economic principles, method makes statistical techniques. The inductive method is therefore more reliable, inductive method is dynamic. The changing economic phenomenon are analyzed and on the conclusions and solutions are drawn from them and this method also helps in future consumer behavioral investigations. However, inductive method has weaknesses to predict consumer behavior, such as below: It conclusions drawn from insufficient data, the generalizations obtained may be faulty. The collection of data itself is not easy task. The sources and methods employed in the collection of data differ from investigator to investigation. The result, therefore may differ even with the same problem and it is time-consuming and expensive to find data to predict consumer behavior changes. How apply this method to predict general social consumer sources of income and consumption pattern when economic environment factor changes consumer behaviors? It should also be stressed that micro analysis plays other roles. First, it may serve to some macro data (any labor force by production sector or by skill category). Second, it can be used to estimate of key consumer behavioral consumption functions. For example, price and income elasticities can be estimated using data available in a typical householder budget survey. Third, in the case of tax reforms involving changes in exemptions or deductions is a model useful to estimate changes in effective tax rates changes how to influence consumer behavioral changes in society. In conclusion, economists have proved macro and micro economic both methods have possible to be applied to predict consumer behavior when , how and why their consumption behavioral changing occurrence in order to manufacturers and product sellers or service providers can pre-make judgement to achieve the marketing strategies to avoid the number of client loss, due to marketing or economic environment changes to influence negative impact to consumer behavioral changes to influence the manufacturers' manufacturing products or the sellers' products or the service providers' service provision which number to be decreased.
Author: Johnny Ch Lok Publisher: Independently Published ISBN: 9781731438157 Category : Languages : en Pages : 554
Book Description
How AI technology influnce productivities and service performance ? Whether it can raise productivities and improve service performance?This book aims to explain why and how future artificial intelligent technology ( big data gathering method) can be applied to assit businesses to predict why and when and how consumer behavior changes. I shall explain why traditional psychological and statistic and marketing methods are applied to predict consumer behaviors, human's judgement and analytical effort will be worse to compare AI machine's judgement and analytical effort. Also, I shall indicate different business organizations why they apply AI big data gathering method to help them to design any questionnaires ( surveys) questions which will be more valid and useful to conclude human's questionnaires ( surveys) design questions method.This book has these two research questions need to be answered?(1)Can apply (AI) learning machine predict consumer behaviors?(2)Can (AI) learning machine replace human marketing research method, e.g. survey or human psychological and micro and macro economic methods to predict consumer behaviors more accurate?Nowadays, many businessmen or marketing research professional hope to apply different methods to predict consumer behaviors in order to know what will be future market activities and market changes to help them to choose to implement what kinds of marketing strategies more accurately. The methods include economic environmental change prediction method, consumer individual psychological change prediction method, micro or macro behavioral economic environmental change prediction method, marketing environmental change prediction method etc. different kinds of methods which can be applied to predict how consumer behavioral changes to influence whose behavioral consumption to the manufacturer products sale within one to two years short term or three to five years middle term, even above five years long term business plans.Hence, if the product manufacturers can apply the most suitable consumer behavioral prediction method to predict how consumers' choice will be changed to influence their products sale easily. It will have more beneficial intangible and tangible advantages to achieve the their product easier sale aim to ensure their businesses' future market share to be increased more easier to their countries' choice target sale markets. Otherwise, if they applied the inaccurate consumer behavioral prediction methods to predict how their consumers' behavioral changes wrongly. Then, it will influence their market shares to be same level, even it will decrease their market shares, when their consumer behavioral prediction inaccurately.In my this book first part, I concentrate on indicate whether any artificial intelligence (AI) tools will be one kind of good consumer behavioral prediction method to be choose to apply to predict consumer behaviors. I shall indicate some examples, cases to give reasonable evidences to analyze whether (AI) tools will be one kind suitable tool to be applied to predict when and how consumer behavioral changes. If (AI) can be one kind tool to attempt to be applied to predict when and how consumer behavioral changes. Will it replace other kinds of methods to predict consumer behaviors? Does it have weaknesses to be applied to predict consumer behaviors, instead of strengths? Can it be applied to predict consumer behaviors depending on any situations of only some situation? Finally, I believe that any readers can find answers to answer above these questions in this book.
Author: Johnny Ch LOK Publisher: ISBN: 9781723900785 Category : Languages : en Pages : 512
Book Description
This book has these two research questions need to be answered?(1) Can apply (AI) learning machine predict consumer behaviors?(2) Can (AI) learning machine replace human marketing research method, e.g. survey or human psychological and micro and macro economic methods to predict consumer behaviors more accurate? Nowadays, many businessmen or marketing research professional hope to apply different methods to predict consumer behaviors in order to know what will be future market activities and market changes to help them to choose to implement what kinds of marketing strategies more accurately. The methods include economic environmental change prediction method, consumer individual psychological change prediction method, micro or macro behavioral economic environmental change prediction method, marketing environmental change prediction method etc. different kinds of methods which can be applied to predict how consumer behavioral changes to influence whose behavioral consumption to the manufacturer products sale within one to two years short term or three to five years middle term, even above five years long term business plans. Hence, if the product manufacturers can apply the most suitable consumer behavioral prediction method to predict how consumers' choice will be changed to influence their products sale easily. It will have more beneficial intangible and tangible advantages to achieve the their product easier sale aim to ensure their businesses' future market share to be increased more easier to their countries' choice target sale markets. Otherwise, if they applied the inaccurate consumer behavioral prediction methods to predict how their consumers' behavioral changes wrongly. Then, it will influence their market shares to be same level, even it will decrease their market shares, when their consumer behavioral prediction inaccurately. In my this book first part, I concentrate on indicate whether any artificial intelligence (AI) tools will be one kind of good consumer behavioral prediction method to be choose to apply to predict consumer behaviors. I shall indicate some examples, cases to give reasonable evidences to analyze whether (AI) tools will be one kind suitable tool to be applied to predict when and how consumer behavioral changes. If (AI) can be one kind tool to attempt to be applied to predict when and how consumer behavioral changes. Will it replace other kinds of methods to predict consumer behaviors? Does it have weaknesses to be applied to predict consumer behaviors, instead of strengths? Can it be applied to predict consumer behaviors depending on any situations of only some situation? Finally, I believe that any readers can find answers to answer above these questions in this book. In my this book second part, I shall explain why and how human can possible apply (AI) tool to predict consumer individual emotion. I shall indicate case studies to explain how consumer individual better or worse emotion how to influence whose consumption behavior in different situation. Finally, I shall indicate evidences to conclude how and why (AI) tool that can be used to predict consumer individual emotion and it will have direct relationship to influence consumption behavior, as well as how (AI) tool can assist businessmen to judge whether what reasons case the customer does not choose to buy its product, it is possible because the product high price factor, poor product quality or poor staff service performance or attitude etc. different factors to influence the consumer decides to choose to buy the other product consequently, when the (AI) tool can confirm consumer has good or bad emotion to judge what factors are the causes his decision making at the moment. Readers can understand why and how (AI) tool can be attempt to be applied to predict customer emotion and it can influence positive or negative consumption behavior to the product clearly in this part.
Author: Johnny C. H. Lok Publisher: Independently Published ISBN: 9781790161348 Category : Languages : en Pages : 62
Book Description
This book has these two research questions need to be answered?(1)Can apply (AI) learning machine predict consumer behaviors?(2)Can (AI) learning machine replace human marketing research method, e.g. survey or human psychological and micro and macro economic methods to predict consumer behaviors more accurate?Nowadays, many businessmen or marketing research professional hope to apply different methods to predict consumer behaviors in order to know what will be future market activities and market changes to help them to choose to implement what kinds of marketing strategies more accurately. The methods include economic environmental change prediction method, consumer individual psychological change prediction method, micro or macro behavioral economic environmental change prediction method, marketing environmental change prediction method etc. different kinds of methods which can be applied to predict how consumer behavioral changes to influence whose behavioral consumption to the manufacturer products sale within one to two years short term or three to five years middle term, even above five years long term business plans.Hence, if the product manufacturers can apply the most suitable consumer behavioral prediction method to predict how consumers' choice will be changed to influence their products sale easily. It will have more beneficial intangible and tangible advantages to achieve the their product easier sale aim to ensure their businesses' future market share to be increased more easier to their countries' choice target sale markets. Otherwise, if they applied the inaccurate consumer behavioral prediction methods to predict how their consumers' behavioral changes wrongly. Then, it will influence their market shares to be same level, even it will decrease their market shares, when their consumer behavioral prediction inaccurately.In my this book, I concentrate on indicate whether any artificial intelligence (AI) tools will be one kind of good consumer behavioral prediction method to be choose to apply to predict consumer behaviors. I shall indicate some examples, cases to give reasonable evidences to analyze whether (AI) tools will be one kind suitable tool to be applied to predict when and how consumer behavioral changes. If (AI) can be one kind tool to attempt to be applied to predict when and how consumer behavioral changes. Will it replace other kinds of methods to predict consumer behaviors? Does it have weaknesses to be applied to predict consumer behaviors, instead of strengths? Can it be applied to predict consumer behaviors depending on any situations of only some situation? Finally, I believe that any readers can find answers to answer above these questions in this book.
Author: Ada Maria Barone Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3031487923 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 132
Book Description
The development of several AI solutions has revolutionized the way in which consumers behave. Serving as a guide to the role that AI plays on different aspects of consumers’ life, this book provides a comprehensive understanding of the main artificial intelligence (AI) solutions available in the market. In particular, the authors adopt a customer experience approach to investigate how different AI technologies play a role at different stages of the customer journey (e.g., from pre-purchase to post-purchase decisions). Covering a range of technologies, such as augmented reality, voice assistants, chatbots and robots, readers will be able to learn which strategies and AI solutions are more effective at different stages of the customer journey.
Author: Johnny Ch Lok Publisher: Independently Published ISBN: 9781720160762 Category : Languages : en Pages : 174
Book Description
Chapter One Can apply economic models solve marketing changing challenges? Economists indicate economic modeling can provide a logical, data to help organize the analyst's thoughts. The model helps the economist logically isolate and sort out complicated chains of cause and effect and influence between the numerous interacting elements in an economy. There are four types of models used in economic analysis: Visual models, mathematical models, empirical models and simulation models. Visual models are simply pictures of an abstract economy: graphs will lines and curves that tell an economic story. It is one kind of micro or macro-economic method to predict consumer behavioral change. Some visual models are diagrammatic such as which flow the income thought the economy from one sector to another ( micro economic environment). It is mathematical model, when it is presented the mathematics are explained what the data analysis is or not. The model does not normally require a knowledge of mathematics, but still allow the presentation of complex relationship between economic variable. For example, the common supply-and demand model is meant to show the effect of inflationary expectations upon price and output. In this application, an increase in inflationary expectations causes demand to shift, raising prices and outputs (macro-economic environment). For another example, a very simple micro-economic model would include a supply function (explaining the behavior of products or those who supply commodities to the market), a demand curve ( explaining the behavior of purchasers) and an equilibrium equation, specifying the simple conditions that must be met if the model's equilibrium is to be satisfied. So, the variables in a model like this represent a type of economic activity (such as demand) or data ( information ) that either determines or is determined by that activity ( such as a price or interest rate variable change activity). Dynamic models, in contrast, directly incorporate time into their structure. This is usually done in economic modeling by this mathematical systems of difference of differential equations. For example, it can use a difference equation from a business cycle model, investment now depends upon changes in income in the past. Time is incorporated into the model. Dynamic models, when they can be used, sometimes better represent the business cycles, because certainly behavioral response and timing strongly shape the character of a cycle. For another example, if there is a delay between the time income is received and when it is spent. A model that can capture the delay is likely to those higher consumption desire to the consumer. It is a micro-personal behavioral consumption predict method. So, the user can experiment with an endless variety of values and assumptions to see whether results obtained are realistic or insightful. Since computers are now powerful and cheaper, the importance of dynamic simulation models should follow the future prediction time, when the consumer income receive and when it is spent to predict how much degree of the consumer's consumption desire in micro-economic view point. Another model to be applied to predict consumption behavior. It is expectations and enhanced model, it includes one or more variables based upon economic expectations about future values. For example, if consumers for whatever reason, expect the inflation rate to be much higher next year, then this year, they are said to have formed inflationary expectations. If numerical values are being used in a model and the current inflation rate is 9%, if they expect inflation to be higher next year, the variable for inflationary expectations might be given be a value if 12% or more.
Author: Johnny Ch LOK Publisher: Independently Published ISBN: 9781723836688 Category : Languages : en Pages : 488
Book Description
This book has these two research questions need to be answered? (1) Can apply (AI) learning machine predict consumer behaviors? (2) Can (AI) learning machine replace human marketing research method, e.g. survey or human psychological and micro and macro economic methods to predict consumer behaviors more accurate? Nowadays, many businessmen or marketing research professional hope to apply different methods to predict consumer behaviors in order to know what will be future market activities and market changes to help them to choose to implement what kinds of marketing strategies more accurately. The methods include economic environmental change prediction method, consumer individual psychological change prediction method, micro or macro behavioral economic environmental change prediction method, marketing environmental change prediction method etc. different kinds of methods which can be applied to predict how consumer behavioral changes to influence whose behavioral consumption to the manufacturer products sale within one to two years short term or three to five years middle term, even above five years long term business plans. Hence, if the product manufacturers can apply the most suitable consumer behavioral prediction method to predict how consumers' choice will be changed to influence their products sale easily. It will have more beneficial intangible and tangible advantages to achieve the their product easier sale aim to ensure their businesses' future market share to be increased more easier to their countries' choice target sale markets. Otherwise, if they applied the inaccurate consumer behavioral prediction methods to predict how their consumers' behavioral changes wrongly. Then, it will influence their market shares to be same level, even it will decrease their market shares, when their consumer behavioral prediction inaccurately. In my this book first part, I concentrate on indicate whether any artificial intelligence (AI) tools will be one kind of good consumer behavioral prediction method to be choose to apply to predict consumer behaviors. I shall indicate some examples, cases to give reasonable evidences to analyze whether (AI) tools will be one kind suitable tool to be applied to predict when and how consumer behavioral changes. If (AI) can be one kind tool to attempt to be applied to predict when and how consumer behavioral changes. Will it replace other kinds of methods to predict consumer behaviors? Does it have weaknesses to be applied to predict consumer behaviors, instead of strengths? Can it be applied to predict consumer behaviors depending on any situations of only some situation? Finally, I believe that any readers can find answers to answer above these questions in this book. In my this book second part, I shall explain why and how human can possible apply (AI) tool to predict consumer individual emotion. I shall indicate case studies to explain how consumer individual better or worse emotion how to influence whose consumption behavior in different situation. Finally, I shall indicate evidences to conclude how and why (AI) tool that can be used to predict consumer individual emotion and it will have direct relationship to influence consumption behavior, as well as how (AI) tool can assist businessmen to judge whether what reasons case the customer does not choose to buy its product, it is possible because the product high price factor, poor product quality or poor staff service performance or attitude etc. different factors to influence the consumer decides to choose to buy the other product consequently, when the (AI) tool can confirm consumer has good or bad emotion to judge what factors are the causes his decision making at the moment. Readers can understand why and how (AI) tool can be attempt to be applied to predict customer emotion and it can influence positive or negative consumption behavior to the product clearly in this part.
Author: Johnny Ch Lok Publisher: Independently Published ISBN: 9781793104038 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 254
Book Description
Economic science or economic art methods predict consumer behaviorEconomic is both a science and art. Economic is considered as science because systematic knowledge derived from observation, study and experimentation. An art is the practical application of knowledge for achieving definition ends. A science teaches us to know a phenomenon and art traches us to do a thing. How to apply economic science or art method to predict consumer behavior? for example, there is a inflation US this year. This information is derived from positive science. The government takes certain fiscal and monetary measures to bring down to general level of prices in the country. The study of the monetary measures to bring down inflation makes the subject of economics as an art. Hence, as this case, if US government applies economic science or art method to predict this year will have inflation in US, then US government will attempt to avoid social general product prices to be raised, due to inflation influence. It aims to avoid US consumers reduce consumption desire in this year.For another example, nothing could be more useful than water. But in much of the world waste is plentiful enough that another glass more or less matters little to a fresh water supply agent businessman. So, water is chap. But, if any offices buy bottle of glass fresh water to let employees to drink. It will bring advantages that they do not spend time to buy water to drink when they are working in the office time in any offices as well as employees do not need to heat water to drink to waste time to work in offices. So, the bottle of fresh drinking water supply agent is one kind of drinking water product monopoly fresh drinking water supplier to supply fresh drinking water to satisfy office employees who do not need to spend time to heat water to drink in offices. Hence, it is possible that replace other different kind taste of drink or office employees themselves heat water drink in offices. It is general office employees' drinking habits and drinking choice in offices popularly. So, the bottle of fresh drinking water supply agents will concentrate on selling their fresh drinking water to office employee customers only in global fresh drinking water consumption target market. The office employees must be fresh drinking water companies' main target consumers.What is economic laws qualitative or quantitative method to predict consumer behavior? Law of economic are qualitative in nature. They are not exactly stated in quantitative terms. They tell the direction of change which is expected rather than the amount of change. For example, according to the law of consumer demand, the quantity demanded varies inversely with price, We don't say that 10% rise in price will lead to 30% fall in the customers' quantity demand.What is economic merits of deduction method? This method is near to reality. It is less time consuming and less expensive. the use of mathematical techniques in deducing theories of economics brings exactness and clarity in economic analysis. The deductive method is highly abstract. It require a great deal of care to avoid bad logic or faulty economic reasoning. This method makes conclusions to predict consumer behavior, due to reliance on imperfect and correct assumptions. It involves the process of reasoning from particular facts to general principle on the basic of experimentations, observations and statistical methods. In this method, data is collected about a certain economic phenomenon. There are systematically arranged and the general conclusions are drawn from them.What are the advantages of inductive method to predict consumer behavior? It is based on facts as such the method is realistic. In order to test the economic principles, method makes statistical techniques. The inductive method is therefore more reliable, inductive method is dynamic
Author: Ajay Agrawal
Author: Ajay Agrawal
Author: Johnny Ch LOK
Author: Johnny Ch Lok
Author: Johnny Ch Lok
Author: Johnny Ch LOK
Author: Johnny C. H. Lok
Author: Ada Maria Barone
Author: Johnny Ch Lok
Author: Johnny Ch LOK
Author: Johnny Ch Lok