Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 376
Book Description
Army & Navy Calendar for 1882/83 - 1893/94
Author: Army & Navy Calendar for 1882/83 - 1893/94
Author: Outsourcing African Labor
Author: Jeffrey GunnPublisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110680416
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 323
Book Description
By the late eighteenth century, the ever-increasing British need for local labour in West Africa based on malarial, climatic, and manpower concerns led to a willingness of the British and Kru (West African labourers from Liberia) to experiment with free wage labour contracts. The Kru’s familiarity with European trade on the Kru Coast (modern Liberia) from at least the sixteenth century played a fundamental role in their decision to expand their wage earning opportunities under contract with the British. The establishment of Freetown in 1792 enabled the Kru to engage in systematized work for British merchants, ship captains, and naval officers. Kru workers increased their migration to Freetown establishing what appears to be their first permanent labouring community beyond their homeland on the Kru Coast. Their community in Freetown known as Krutown provided a readily available labour pool and ensured their regular employment on board British commercial ships and Royal Navy vessels circumnavigating the Atlantic and beyond. In the process, the Kru established a network of Krutowns and community settlements in many Atlantic ports including Cape Coast, Fernando Po, Ascension Island, Cape of Good Hope, and in the British Caribbean in Demerara and Port of Spain. Outsourcing African Labour in the Nineteenth Century: Kru Migratory Workers in Global Ports, Estates and Battlefields structures the fragmented history of Kru workers into a coherent global framework. The migration of Kru workers in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans, in commercial and military contexts represents a movement of free wage labour that transformed the Kru Coast into a homeland that nurtured diasporas and staffed a vast network of workplaces. As the Kru formed permanent and transient working communities around the Atlantic and in the British Caribbean, they underwent several phases of social, political, and economic innovation, which ultimately overcame a decline in employment in their homeland on the Kru Coast by the end of the nineteenth century by increasing employment in their diaspora. There were unique features of the Kru migrant labour force that characterized all phases of its expansion. The migration was virtually entirely male, and at a time when slavery was widespread and the slave trade was subjected to the abolition campaign of the British Navy, Kru workers were free with an expertise in manning seaborne craft and porterage. Kru carried letters from previous captains as testimonies of their reliability and work ethic or they worked under the supervision of experienced workers who effectively served as references for employment. They worked for contractual periods of between six months and five years for which they were paid wages. The Kru thereby stand out as an anomaly in the history of Atlantic trade when compared with the much larger diasporas of enslaved Africans.
The National Union Catalog, Pre-1956 Imprints
Author: Library of CongressPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Catalogs, Union
Languages : en
Pages : 718
Book Description
Catalogue
Author: New South Wales Free Public Library, SydneyPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 322
Book Description
Index to the Reports of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army (including the Reports of the Isthmian Canal Commissions, (1899-1914) 1866-1912 ...
Author: United States. Army. Corps of EngineersPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1806
Book Description
Congressional Record
Author: United States. CongressPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 1324
Book Description
Supplement to the Catalogue for the Public Library of New South Wales, Sydney, Reference Department
Author: Public Library of New South Wales. Reference DeptPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 324
Book Description
Serials in Australian Libraries: Social Sciences and Humanities
Author: National Library of AustraliaPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Australian periodicals
Languages : en
Pages : 498
Book Description
Catalogue of the Free Public Library, Sydney
Author: New South Wales. LibraryPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 328
Book Description