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Author: Douglas Walton Publisher: Springer ISBN: 331919626X Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 297
Book Description
This monograph poses a series of key problems of evidential reasoning and argumentation. It then offers solutions achieved by applying recently developed computational models of argumentation made available in artificial intelligence. Each problem is posed in such a way that the solution is easily understood. The book progresses from confronting these problems and offering solutions to them, building a useful general method for evaluating arguments along the way. It provides a hands-on survey explaining to the reader how to use current argumentation methods and concepts that are increasingly being implemented in more precise ways for the application of software tools in computational argumentation systems. It shows how the use of these tools and methods requires a new approach to the concepts of knowledge and explanation suitable for diverse settings, such as issues of public safety and health, debate, legal argumentation, forensic evidence, science education, and the use of expert opinion evidence in personal and public deliberations.
Author: Douglas Walton Publisher: Springer ISBN: 331919626X Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 297
Book Description
This monograph poses a series of key problems of evidential reasoning and argumentation. It then offers solutions achieved by applying recently developed computational models of argumentation made available in artificial intelligence. Each problem is posed in such a way that the solution is easily understood. The book progresses from confronting these problems and offering solutions to them, building a useful general method for evaluating arguments along the way. It provides a hands-on survey explaining to the reader how to use current argumentation methods and concepts that are increasingly being implemented in more precise ways for the application of software tools in computational argumentation systems. It shows how the use of these tools and methods requires a new approach to the concepts of knowledge and explanation suitable for diverse settings, such as issues of public safety and health, debate, legal argumentation, forensic evidence, science education, and the use of expert opinion evidence in personal and public deliberations.
Author: Peter J. Phelan Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1134824009 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 288
Book Description
Phelan and Reynolds' book is for anyone who needs to evaluate arguments and interpret evidence. It deals with the most fundamental aspects of academic study: * the ability to reason with ideas and evidence * to formulate arguments effectively * to appreciate the interplay between ideas and evidence in academic and media debate Argument and Evidence presents aspects of informal logic and statistical theory in a comprehensible way, enabling students to acquire skills in critical thinking which will outlast their undergraduate studies. Ideal as a companion for courses on methodology or study skills, Argument and Evidence will also be useful for other disciplines in the social sciences and humanities.
Author: Douglas Walton Publisher: Penn State Press ISBN: 9780271048338 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 400
Book Description
A leading expert in informal logic, Douglas Walton turns his attention in this new book to how reasoning operates in trials and other legal contexts, with special emphasis on the law of evidence. The new model he develops, drawing on methods of argumentation theory that are gaining wide acceptance in computing fields like artificial intelligence, can be used to identify, analyze, and evaluate specific types of legal argument. In contrast with approaches that rely on deductive and inductive logic and rule out many common types of argument as fallacious, Walton&’s aim is to provide a more expansive view of what can be considered &"reasonable&" in legal argument when it is construed as a dynamic, rule-governed, and goal-directed conversation. This dialogical model gives new meaning to the key notions of relevance and probative weight, with the latter analyzed in terms of pragmatic criteria for what constitutes plausible evidence rather than truth.
Author: Giandomenico Majone Publisher: Yale University Press ISBN: 9780300052596 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 212
Book Description
In modern industrial democracies, the making of public policy is dependent on policy analysis--the generation, discussion, and evaluation of policy alternatives. Policy analysis is often characterized, especially by economists, as a technical, nonpartisan, objective enterprise, separate from the constraints of the political environment. however, says the eminent political scientist Giandomenico Majone, this characterization of policy analysis is seriously flawed. According to Majone, policy analysts do not engage in a purely technical analysis of alternatives open to policymakers, but instead produce policy arguments that are based on value judgments and are used in the course of public debate. In this book Majone offers his own definition of policy analysis and examines all aspects of it--from problem formulation and the choice of policy instruments to program development and policy evaluation. He argues that rhetorical skills are crucial for policy analysts when they set the norms that determine when certain conditions are to be regarded as policy problems, when they advise on technical issues, and when they evaluate policy. Policy analysts can improve the quality of public deliberation by refining the standards of appraisal of public programs and facilitating a wide-ranging dialogue among advocates of different criteria. In fact, says Majone, the essential need today is not to develop 'objective' measures of outcomes--the traditional aim of evaluation research--but to improve the methods and conditions of public discourse at all levels and stages of policy-making.
Author: Douglas Walton Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1107039304 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 321
Book Description
This book, written by a leading expert, and based on the latest research, shows how to apply methods of argumentation to a range of examples.
Author: Deanna Kuhn Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521423496 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 340
Book Description
The Skills of Argument presents a comprehensive empirical study of informal reasoning as argument, involving subjects across the life span. Subjects ranging in age from adolescence to late adulthood were asked to describe their views on social problems that people have occasion to think and talk about in everyday life, such as crime and unemployment. In addition to providing supporting evidence for their theories, subjects were asked to contemplate alternative theories and counterarguments and to evaluate new evidence on the topics. This is the first major study of informal reasoning across the life span. Highlighting the importance of argumentive reasoning in everyday thought, the book offers a theoretical framework for conceptualizing and studying thinking as argument. The findings address issues of major importance to cognitive and developmental psychologists, as well as educators concerned with improving the quality of people's thinking. The work is also relevant to philosophers, political scientists, and linguists interested in informal reasoning and argumentive discourse.
Author: Debra Hills Publisher: Crimson Publishing ISBN: 1844554937 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 112
Book Description
Student Essentials: Critical Thinking - in one hour helps you master the essentials of this core study skill in just 60 minutes. If you are studying for an undergraduate degree at university, critical thinking and analysis is imperative when studying and can often be the difference between an acceptable grade and a great grade. This book will help you develop the key essentials of this crucial skill in just one hour so you can successfully apply it to your studies straight away. Student Essentials: Critical Thinking - in one hour is packed full of jargon-free advice, step-be-step guidance and useful summaries to help you really get to grips with every element of critical thinking and analysis. Checklists and exercises ensure you tackle each stage of critical thinking head on and develop your skills from analysis and evaluation to constructing sound arguments and weighing up evidence. Learn the critical thinking essential toolkit quickly and apply it to all areas of your study, including: What is critical thinking? - the principles and essentials for study Analytical skills - improve your technique when reading and note taking Evaluating evidence - get to grips with arguments, counter claims and credibility Building arguments - using evidence, secondary resources and examples effectively Key tools - use the checklists and exercises to master every stage of critical thinking In just one hour develop your core critical thinking skills for study success and perform at your optimum with Trotman's Student Essentials series. Discover other titles in the series to help boost your study skills including: Student Essentials: Exam and Revision Strategies - in one hour Student Essentials: Essay Writing - in one hour Student Essentials: Study Skills - in one hour Student Essentials: Dissertation - in one hour
Author: Sarah Tantillo Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118288165 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 50
Book Description
Proven methods for teaching reading comprehension to all students The Literacy Cookbook is filled with classroom-tested techniques for teaching reading comprehension to even the most hard-to-reach students. The book offers a review of approaches that are targeted for teaching reading, writing, speaking and listening skills. The book also includes information on how to connect reading, writing, and test prep. Contains accessible and easy-to-adopt recipes for strengthening comprehension, reading, writing, and oral fluency. Terrific resources are ready for download on the companion website. The materials in this book are aligned with the English Language Arts Common Core Standards The website includes an ELA Common Core Tracking Sheet, a handy resource when writing or evaluating curriculum.
Author: Victor Sampson Publisher: NSTA Press ISBN: 1936137275 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 426
Book Description
Develop your high school students' understanding of argumentation and evidence-based reasoning with this comprehensive book. Like three guides in one 'Scientific Argumentation in Biology' combines theory, practice, and biology content.
Author: Douglas Walton
Author: Douglas Walton
Author: Peter J. Phelan
Author: Douglas Walton
Author: Giandomenico Majone
Author: Douglas Walton
Author: Deanna Kuhn
Author: Debra Hills
Author: David Zarefsky
Author: Sarah Tantillo
Author: Victor Sampson