Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Electromagnetic Aquametry PDF full book. Access full book title Electromagnetic Aquametry by Klaus Kupfer. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Klaus Kupfer Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540264914 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 546
Book Description
Mformation about a material can be gathered from its interaction with electromagnetic waves. The information may be stored in the amplitude, the phase, the polarisation, the angular distribution of energy transportation or the spectral characteristics. When re trieved from the wave, certain material properties may thus be determined indirectly. Compared on the one hand to direct material analysis, an indirect method requires calibration and is prone to interference from undesired sources. On the other hand, however, it permits the determination of features inaccessible by direct methods, such as non-destructive material interrogation, high measurement speed, or deep penetration depth. However, being a physical method, the use of electromagnetic waves is still handicapped by the lack of acceptance by many chemists, who are used to applying direct approaches. Historically, the first application of electromagnetic wave interaction with mat ter involved measurement of amplitude changes at a single frequency caused by material properties, and it is still used today by some systems. This approach was soon supplemented by single frequency phase measurements, in order to avoid distortions through amplitude instabilities or parasitic reflections. Such single pa rameter measurements of course require dependence only on one variable in the measured process and sufficient stability of all other ancillary conditions. If that is not the case, the single parameter measurement fails.
Author: Klaus Kupfer Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540264914 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 546
Book Description
Mformation about a material can be gathered from its interaction with electromagnetic waves. The information may be stored in the amplitude, the phase, the polarisation, the angular distribution of energy transportation or the spectral characteristics. When re trieved from the wave, certain material properties may thus be determined indirectly. Compared on the one hand to direct material analysis, an indirect method requires calibration and is prone to interference from undesired sources. On the other hand, however, it permits the determination of features inaccessible by direct methods, such as non-destructive material interrogation, high measurement speed, or deep penetration depth. However, being a physical method, the use of electromagnetic waves is still handicapped by the lack of acceptance by many chemists, who are used to applying direct approaches. Historically, the first application of electromagnetic wave interaction with mat ter involved measurement of amplitude changes at a single frequency caused by material properties, and it is still used today by some systems. This approach was soon supplemented by single frequency phase measurements, in order to avoid distortions through amplitude instabilities or parasitic reflections. Such single pa rameter measurements of course require dependence only on one variable in the measured process and sufficient stability of all other ancillary conditions. If that is not the case, the single parameter measurement fails.
Author: E Kress-Rogers Publisher: Woodhead Publishing ISBN: 9781855735606 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 878
Book Description
This collection of 23 contributions reviews the most common instruments for measuring food quality both on the processing line and in the laboratory. Each chapter describes an instrument's underlying principles with emphasis on aspects relevant to food applications, identifies the significance of the variables measured, and assesses the accuracy of the technique for specific food groups. The second edition adds eight chapters. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR.
Author: Stanisław Grundas Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 9535111841 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 412
Book Description
The idea of this book was born due to the rapid increase of the interest in excellence of agricultural production in the aspect of both – the quality of raw material for food production as well as in the aspect of environment protection. Agrophysics is a field of science that focuses on the quality of agriculture as a whole i.e. the interaction between human and environment, especially the interaction between soil, plant, atmosphere and machine. Physics with its laws, principles and rules is a good tool for description of the interactions, as well as of the results of these interactions. Some aspects of chemistry, biology and other fields of science are also taken under consideration. This interdisciplinary approach can result in holistic description of processes which should lead to improvement of the efficiency of obtaining the raw materials to ensure a sufficient amount of food, safe for human health. This book could be regarded as the contribution to this description. The reader can find some basic as well, as more particular aspects of the contemporary agriculture, starting with the soil characteristics and treatment, plant growth and agricultural products’ properties and processing.
Author: Walt Boyes Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann ISBN: 0080941885 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 929
Book Description
The discipline of instrumentation has grown appreciably in recent years because of advances in sensor technology and in the interconnectivity of sensors, computers and control systems. This 4e of the Instrumentation Reference Book embraces the equipment and systems used to detect, track and store data related to physical, chemical, electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of materials, systems and operations. While traditionally a key area within mechanical and industrial engineering, understanding this greater and more complex use of sensing and monitoring controls and systems is essential for a wide variety of engineering areas--from manufacturing to chemical processing to aerospace operations to even the everyday automobile. In turn, this has meant that the automation of manufacturing, process industries, and even building and infrastructure construction has been improved dramatically. And now with remote wireless instrumentation, heretofore inaccessible or widely dispersed operations and procedures can be automatically monitored and controlled. This already well-established reference work will reflect these dramatic changes with improved and expanded coverage of the traditional domains of instrumentation as well as the cutting-edge areas of digital integration of complex sensor/control systems. - Thoroughly revised, with up-to-date coverage of wireless sensors and systems, as well as nanotechnologies role in the evolution of sensor technology - Latest information on new sensor equipment, new measurement standards, and new software for embedded control systems, networking and automated control - Three entirely new sections on Controllers, Actuators and Final Control Elements; Manufacturing Execution Systems; and Automation Knowledge Base - Up-dated and expanded references and critical standards
Author: Christof Hübner Publisher: Göttingen University Press ISBN: 386395260X Category : Languages : en Pages : 315
Book Description
Electromagnetic moisture measurement technologies have proven to be valuable tools in diverse applications. This monograph covers basic aspects of nondestructive electromagnetic methods of water content determination and relates to the associated highly multidisciplinary field of research and development. It also presents a comprehensive selection of relevant field-tested methods and instruments. The fundamentals of electromagnetic field interactions with dipolar materials are briefly discussed, with special attention towards the dielectric properties of water and aqueous solutions. A tutorial and overview of electromagnetic measurement methods is presented, including dielectric spectroscopy in broad frequency and time domains, as well as dielectric imaging techniques. This review is complemented by a demonstration of successful real-world implementations for the moisture determination of soils, snow, buildings and building materials, food and agricultural goods, as well as various industrial products. The text is completed by a guide concerning the use of reference liquids for the calibration of sensors and instrumentation and by a bibliography of more than 850 references. The monograph is useful as a reference book for researchers and engineers and as a textbook for upper-level students interested in the water content determination of materials.
Author: MYMOONA. ALAM AKHTER (M. MUMTAZ.) Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3031367774 Category : Pharmacy Languages : en Pages : 236
Book Description
This book caters to the basic need of the pharmacy graduates studying physical and analytical chemistry, a subject taught in all the four years. This book covers the pharmaceutical aspect and applications of topics in pharmacy, use of basic physical chemistry concepts to pharmaceutical science, e.g., calculation of pH of drug solutions, determination of shelf life of drugs, water content in drug substances, relationship of partition coefficient with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, etc. Considering the target audience, i.e., undergraduate student, the language of the book has been kept simple and lucid so that the students do not find difficulty in understanding the basic concepts of the subject. This book is also covering syllabus of two subjects, viz. physical chemistry and analytical chemistry so that students need not to search for separate books for different topics/chapters. The book also includes solved problems to help understand the concepts better.
Author: Ghenadii Korotcenkov Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1351400568 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 386
Book Description
Because of unique water properties, humidity affects many living organisms, including humans and materials. Humidity control is important in various fields, from production management to creating a comfortable living environment. The second volume of The Handbook of Humidity Measurement is entirely devoted to the consideration of different types of solid-state devices developed for humidity measurement. This volume discusses the advantages and disadvantages about the capacitive, resistive, gravimetric, hygrometric, field ionization, microwave, Schottky barrier, Kelvin probe, field-effect transistor, solid-state electrochemical, and thermal conductivity-based humidity sensors. Additional features include: Provides a comprehensive analysis of the properties of humidity-sensitive materials, used for the development of such devices. Describes numerous strategies for the fabrication and characterization of humidity sensitive materials and sensing structures used in sensor applications. Explores new approaches proposed for the development of humidity sensors. Considers conventional devices such as phsychometers, gravimetric, mechanical (hair), electrolytic, child mirror hygrometers, etc., which were used for the measurement of humidity for several centuries. Handbook of Humidity Measurement, Volume 2: Electronic and Electrical Humidity Sensors provides valuable information for practicing engineers, measurement experts, laboratory technicians, project managers in industries and national laboratories, as well as university students and professors interested in solutions to humidity measurement tasks as well as in understanding fundamentals of any gas sensor operation and development.
Author: Henry Baltes Publisher: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 468
Book Description
Sensors Update ensures that you stay at the cutting edge of the field. Built upon the series Sensors, it presents an overview of highlights in the field. Coverage includes current developments in materials, design, production, and applications of sensors, signal detection and processing, as well as new sensing principles. Furthermore, the sensor market as well as peripheral aspects such as standards are covered. Each volume is divided into tree sections. Sensor Technology reviews highlights in applied and basic research, Sensor Applications covers new or improved applications of sensors, Sensor Markets provides a survey of suppliers and market trends for a particular area. With this unique combination of information in each volume, Sensors Update will be of value for scientists and engineers in industry and at universities, to sensors developers, distributors, and users.
Author: Klaus Kupfer
Author: Klaus Kupfer
Author: John Mitchell
Author: E Kress-Rogers
Author: Stanisław Grundas
Author: Walt Boyes
Author: 
Author: Christof Hübner
Author: MYMOONA. ALAM AKHTER (M. MUMTAZ.)
Author: Ghenadii Korotcenkov
Author: Henry Baltes