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Book Description
L'AUTOMATISATION DE LA CONDUITE D'UNE EXPERIENCE DE MESURE DU POINT CRITIQUE NOUS A CONDUIT A METTRE AU POINT UNE METHODOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET A DEVELOPPER UN SYSTEME EXPERT PROTOTYPE. LES SYSTEMES EXPERTS ACTUELLEMENT MIS EN PLACE POSENT DE GROS PROBLEMES DE MAINTENANCE, LE DEVELOPPEMENT DE LA METHODOLOGIE A ETE PROPOSE DANS L'OPTIQUE DE DISPOSER D'UN OUTIL ANALYTIQUE NOUS PERMETTANT DE SYSTEMATISER LA CONCEPTION DE LA STRUCTURE SOLUTION. CETTE METHODOLOGIE EST DIVISEE EN QUATRE PARTIES: L'IDENTIFICATION DU PROBLEME, LA PROPOSITION DES ALTERNATIVES DE SOLUTIONS, LA DEFINITION DES OBJECTIFS DU SYSTEME ET L'ANALYSE DES OBJECTIFS. LES TROIS PREMIERES SERVENT A COLLECTER LES INFORMATIONS ET A IDENTIFIER LES SUJETS D'ANALYSE. LA QUATRIEME PARTIE COMPREND L'INTEGRATION DES METHODES ET DES OUTILS POUR LA MISE EN UVRE DU SYSTEME. AFIN D'HOMOGENEISER LA CONCEPTION DES STRUCTURES SOLUTIONS, L'ANALYSE DU PROCEDE EST ORIENTEE VERS L'IDENTIFICATION DES ACTIONS A EFFECTUER SUR LE DISPOSITIF EXPERIMENTAL. CELLES-CI ONT ETE REPRESENTEES A L'AIDE DU MODELE ORIENTE-TACHE. LA VALIDATION DE CETTE METHODOLOGIE A DONC ETE EFFECTUEE SUR L'EXPERIENCE DE LA DETERMINATION DU POINT CRITIQUE. POUR LA MISE EN UVRE DE CE SYSTEME, NOUS UTILISONS UN GENERATEUR DE SYSTEMES EXPERTS INDUSTRIEL (CHRONOS). LE LANGAGE DE CE GENERATEUR ETANT BASE SUR DES STRUCTURES LOGIQUES ET PERMETTANT D'EXECUTER DES CALCULS SIMPLES, NOUS A PERMIS D'IMPLEMENTER DIRECTEMENT LA STRUCTURE SOLUTION DE NOTRE SYSTEME DE CONDUITE. LE SYSTEME A ETE MIS AU POINT AVEC LE DIOXYDE DE CARBONE (CO#2) ET TESTE AVEC LES FLUIDES PROTOXYDE D'AZOTE (N#2O), HEXAFLUORURE DE SOUFRE (SF#6) ET DES MELANGES DE CO#2-LIMONENE DE FRACTIONS MOLAIRES COMPRISES ENTRE 0,012 ET 0,027. LES RESULTATS OBTENUS ONT UNE PRECISION ACCEPTABLE POUR DES APPLICATIONS INDUSTRIELLES (PRECISION DES MESURES: 0,05C POUR LA TEMPERATURE ET DE 0,12 BARS POUR LA PRESSION). AINSI, NOTRE SYSTEME DE CONDUITE, COMBINANT LA COMMANDE, LA MESURE PAR DES ANALYSES D'IMAGE, LA SURVEILLANCE ET LE DIAGNOSTIC, NOUS PERMET DE CONCLURE QUE LES SYSTEMES EXPERTS ONT UN AVENIR PROMETTEUR POUR RESOUDRE DES PROBLEMES DE CONDUITE DE SYSTEMES PLUS COMPLEXES. NOTRE METHODOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE PERMETTANT D'ELABORER DE FACON SYSTEMATIQUE LA BASE DE CONNAISSANCE DES SYSTEMES EXPERTS FACILITERA LE DEVELOPPEMENT ET L'UTILISATION DE CEUX-CI.
Book Description
L'AUTOMATISATION DE LA CONDUITE D'UNE EXPERIENCE DE MESURE DU POINT CRITIQUE NOUS A CONDUIT A METTRE AU POINT UNE METHODOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET A DEVELOPPER UN SYSTEME EXPERT PROTOTYPE. LES SYSTEMES EXPERTS ACTUELLEMENT MIS EN PLACE POSENT DE GROS PROBLEMES DE MAINTENANCE, LE DEVELOPPEMENT DE LA METHODOLOGIE A ETE PROPOSE DANS L'OPTIQUE DE DISPOSER D'UN OUTIL ANALYTIQUE NOUS PERMETTANT DE SYSTEMATISER LA CONCEPTION DE LA STRUCTURE SOLUTION. CETTE METHODOLOGIE EST DIVISEE EN QUATRE PARTIES: L'IDENTIFICATION DU PROBLEME, LA PROPOSITION DES ALTERNATIVES DE SOLUTIONS, LA DEFINITION DES OBJECTIFS DU SYSTEME ET L'ANALYSE DES OBJECTIFS. LES TROIS PREMIERES SERVENT A COLLECTER LES INFORMATIONS ET A IDENTIFIER LES SUJETS D'ANALYSE. LA QUATRIEME PARTIE COMPREND L'INTEGRATION DES METHODES ET DES OUTILS POUR LA MISE EN UVRE DU SYSTEME. AFIN D'HOMOGENEISER LA CONCEPTION DES STRUCTURES SOLUTIONS, L'ANALYSE DU PROCEDE EST ORIENTEE VERS L'IDENTIFICATION DES ACTIONS A EFFECTUER SUR LE DISPOSITIF EXPERIMENTAL. CELLES-CI ONT ETE REPRESENTEES A L'AIDE DU MODELE ORIENTE-TACHE. LA VALIDATION DE CETTE METHODOLOGIE A DONC ETE EFFECTUEE SUR L'EXPERIENCE DE LA DETERMINATION DU POINT CRITIQUE. POUR LA MISE EN UVRE DE CE SYSTEME, NOUS UTILISONS UN GENERATEUR DE SYSTEMES EXPERTS INDUSTRIEL (CHRONOS). LE LANGAGE DE CE GENERATEUR ETANT BASE SUR DES STRUCTURES LOGIQUES ET PERMETTANT D'EXECUTER DES CALCULS SIMPLES, NOUS A PERMIS D'IMPLEMENTER DIRECTEMENT LA STRUCTURE SOLUTION DE NOTRE SYSTEME DE CONDUITE. LE SYSTEME A ETE MIS AU POINT AVEC LE DIOXYDE DE CARBONE (CO#2) ET TESTE AVEC LES FLUIDES PROTOXYDE D'AZOTE (N#2O), HEXAFLUORURE DE SOUFRE (SF#6) ET DES MELANGES DE CO#2-LIMONENE DE FRACTIONS MOLAIRES COMPRISES ENTRE 0,012 ET 0,027. LES RESULTATS OBTENUS ONT UNE PRECISION ACCEPTABLE POUR DES APPLICATIONS INDUSTRIELLES (PRECISION DES MESURES: 0,05C POUR LA TEMPERATURE ET DE 0,12 BARS POUR LA PRESSION). AINSI, NOTRE SYSTEME DE CONDUITE, COMBINANT LA COMMANDE, LA MESURE PAR DES ANALYSES D'IMAGE, LA SURVEILLANCE ET LE DIAGNOSTIC, NOUS PERMET DE CONCLURE QUE LES SYSTEMES EXPERTS ONT UN AVENIR PROMETTEUR POUR RESOUDRE DES PROBLEMES DE CONDUITE DE SYSTEMES PLUS COMPLEXES. NOTRE METHODOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE PERMETTANT D'ELABORER DE FACON SYSTEMATIQUE LA BASE DE CONNAISSANCE DES SYSTEMES EXPERTS FACILITERA LE DEVELOPPEMENT ET L'UTILISATION DE CEUX-CI.
Author: Linda Strande Publisher: IWA Publishing ISBN: 1780404735 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 428
Book Description
It is estimated that literally billions of residents in urban and peri-urban areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America are served by onsite sanitation systems (e.g. various types of latrines and septic tanks). Until recently, the management of faecal sludge from these onsite systems has been grossly neglected, partially as a result of them being considered temporary solutions until sewer-based systems could be implemented. However, the perception of onsite or decentralized sanitation technologies for urban areas is gradually changing, and is increasingly being considered as long-term, sustainable options in urban areas, especially in low- and middle-income countries that lack sewer infrastructures. This is the first book dedicated to faecal sludge management. It compiles the current state of knowledge of the rapidly evolving field of faecal sludge management, and presents an integrated approach that includes technology, management, and planning based on Sandecs 20 years of experience in the field. Faecal Sludge Management: Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation addresses the organization of the entire faecal sludge management service chain, from the collection and transport of sludge, and the current state of knowledge of treatment options, to the final end use or disposal of treated sludge. The book also presents important factors to consider when evaluating and upscaling new treatment technology options. The book is designed for undergraduate and graduate students, and engineers and practitioners in the field who have some basic knowledge of environmental and/or wastewater engineering.
Author: Andrea Maloney Schara Publisher: ISBN: 9780615928791 Category : Families Languages : en Pages : 318
Book Description
"Your Mindful Compass" takes us behind the emotional curtain to see the mechanisms regulating individuals in social systems. There is great comfort and wisdom in knowing we can increase our awareness to manage the swift and ancient mechanisms of social control. We can gain greater flexibility by seeing how social controls work in systems from ants to humans. To be less controlled by others, we learn how emotional systems influence our relationship-oriented brain. People want to know what goes on in families that give rise to amazing leaders and/or terrorists. For the first time in history we can understand the systems in which we live. The social sciences have been accumulating knowledge since the early fifties as to how we are regulated by others. S. Milgram, S. Ashe, P. Zimbardo and J. Calhoun, detail the vulnerability to being duped and deceived and the difficulty of cooperating when values differ. Murray Bowen, M.D., the first researcher to observe several live-in families, for up to three years, at the National Institute of Mental Health. Describing how family members overly influence one another and distribute stress unevenly, Bowen described both how symptoms and family leaders emerge in highly stressed families. Our brain is not organized to automatically perceive that each family has an emotional system, fine-tuned by evolution and "valuing" its survival as a whole, as much as the survival of any individual. It is easier to see this emotional system function in ants or mice but not in humans. The emotional system is organized to snooker us humans: encouraging us to take sides, run away from others, to pressure others, to get sick, to blame others, and to have great difficulty in seeing our part in problems. It is hard to see that we become anxious, stressed out and even that we are difficult to deal with. But "thinking systems" can open the doors of perception, allowing us to experience the world in a different way. This book offers both coaching ideas and stories from leaders as to strategies to break out from social control by de-triangling, using paradoxes, reversals and other types of interruptions of highly linked emotional processes. Time is needed to think clearly about the automatic nature of the two against one triangle. Time and experience is required as we learn strategies to put two people together and get self outside the control of the system. In addition, it takes time to clarify and define one's principles, to know what "I" will or will not do and to be able to take a stand with others with whom we are very involved. The good news is that systems' thinking is possible for anyone. It is always possible for an individual to understand feelings and to integrate them with their more rational brains. In so doing, an individual increases his or her ability to communicate despite misunderstandings or even rejection from important others. The effort involved in creating your Mindful Compass enables us to perceive the relationship system without experiencing it's threats. The four points on the Mindful Compass are: 1) Action for Self, 2) Resistance to Forward Progress, 3) Knowledge of Social Systems and the 4) The Ability to Stand Alone. Each gives us a view of the process one enters when making an effort to define a self and build an emotional backbone. It is not easy to find our way through the social jungle. The ability to know emotional systems well enough to take a position for self and to become more differentiated is part of the natural way humans cope with pressure. Now people can use available knowledge to build an emotional backbone, by thoughtfully altering their part in the relationship system. No one knows how far one can go by making an effort to be more of a self-defined individual in relationships to others. Through increasing emotional maturity, we can find greater individual freedom at the same time that we increase our ability to cooperate and to be close to others.
Author: Bonnie A. Nardi Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 9780262140584 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 428
Book Description
This work brings together a collection of 13 contributions that apply activity theory - a psychological theory with a naturalistic emphasis - to problems of human-computer interaction. It presents activity theory as a means of structuring and guiding field studies of human-computer interaction.
Author: Harold L. Wilensky Publisher: Quid Pro Books ISBN: 1610272889 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 313
Book Description
The prize-winning book Organizational Intelligence focuses on the structural and ideological roots of intelligence (informational and analytical) failures in government, industry, and other institutions. It provides groundbreaking theory and structure to the analysis of decision-making processes and their breakdowns, as well as the interactions among experts and the organizations they inform. In this book, both "organization" and "intelligence" are taken to their larger meanings, not just focused on the military meaning of intelligence or on one set of institutions in society. Astute illustrations of intelligence failures abound from real-world cases, such as foreign policy (the Bay of Pigs, Soviet predictions in the Cuban missile crisis), military (civilian bombing of Germany, Pearl Harbor), financial (AmEx's investment in a vegetable oil guru), economics (the Council of Economic Advisers) and industrial production (Ford's Edsel), as well as many other telling arenas and disciplines. Economic, cultural, legal, and political contexts are considered, as well as the more known institutions of government and commerce. The new Classics of the Social Sciences edition from Quid Pro Books features a 2015 Foreword from Neil J. Smelser, University Professor Emeritus at Berkeley and former chair of its sociology department. He writes that the book remains "one of the classics in organizational studies, and—in ways I will indicate—it is still directly relevant to current and future problems of organizational life. ... What makes this book a classic? It is a disciplined, intelligent, and elegant model of applied social science. ... The text itself, richly documented empirically, yields an informed and balanced account of the decision-making process as this is shaped by the quality of information available (and unavailable) to and used (and not used) by organizational leaders." Reviews of the book at the time it was written similarly attest to the originality and breadth of its interdisciplinary analysis. Amitai Etzioni wrote in the American Sociological Review: "This book opens a whole new field — the macrosociology of knowledge. It is as different from the traditional sociology of knowledge as the study of interaction is from that of the structure of total societies." He adds, "The power of Wilensky's contribution is further magnified by his historical perspective. He studies structures and processes, but not in a vacuum." Gordon Craig wrote in The Reporter that the book's examples from organizations "show a similar tendency to believe what they want to believe, to become the victims of their own slogans and propaganda, and to resist or to silence warning voices that challenge their assumptions.... In his fascinating analysis of intelligence failures and their causes ... in the public and private sectors, Wilensky finds that the most disastrous miscalculations are those which have occurred in the field of governmental operations, especially foreign policy and national security." The book explains how such highly institutionalized actors are vulnerable to informational pathologies. The new digital edition features active Contents, a fully linked Index, linked notes, and proper ebook formatting. It is a modern, quality, and authorized re-presentation of a classic work in social science and organizational studies.
Author: Frank Fischer Publisher: Duke University Press ISBN: 9780822326229 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 366
Book Description
DIVClaims that the problematic communication gap between experts and ordinary citizens is best remedied by a renewal of local citizen participation in deliberative structures./div
Author: Great Britain. Office of Government Commerce Publisher: The Stationery Office ISBN: 0113310455 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 278
Book Description
Management, Computers, Computer networks, Information exchange, Data processing, IT and Information Management: IT Service Management
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher: Fao Technical Guidelines for R ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 96
Book Description
"These guidelines have been produced to supplement as an addition to the FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries no. 4, Suppl. 2 entitled Fisheries management".
Author: Josefina Barrera Cortes
Author: Josefina Barrera Cortes
Author: Linda Strande
Author: Andrea Maloney Schara
Author: Chris Argyris
Author: Bonnie A. Nardi
Author: Chanthalangsy, Phinith
Author: Harold L. Wilensky
Author: Frank Fischer
Author: Great Britain. Office of Government Commerce
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations